apostrophes, brackets, and parentheses
Post on 05-Aug-2015
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Apostrophes ( ’ ) The apostrophe ( ’ ) is used to show
possession or ownership. It is also used in shortened forms of words called contractions. In a contraction, the apostrophe marks the place where letters have been omitted.
E.g. This is the president’s office. { The office of the president } Possession
E.g. Molly isn’t going to visit us this week. { isn’t is not } Contraction
Using Apostrophes with Possessive Nouns
RULE 1:
Add an apostrophe ( ’ ) and ( s ) to show the possessive case of most singular nouns and plural nouns that do not end in ( s ) or ( es ).
E.g. Willy’s brother won the spelling bee contest.
E.g. The women’s waiting rooms are on the left.
RULE 2:
Add an apostrophe ( ’ ) to show the possessive case of plural nouns ending in ( s ) or ( es ). DO NOT ADD AN ( S ).
E.g. My daughters’ play will be on Monday.
E.g. The witnesses’ testimonies were very helpful.
RULE 3:
Add an apostrophe ( ’ ) and ( s ) or just an apostrophe if the word is a plural ending in ( s ) to the last word of a compound noun to form the possessive.
E.g. My father-in-law’s house.
E.g. The Girl Scouts’ ceremony.
Using Apostrophes with Pronouns
RULE 1:
Add an apostrophe ( ’ ) and ( s ) to indefinite pronouns to show possession.
E.g. I respect everyone’s opinion. E.g. You should taste everybody’s food.
Do not use an apostrophe with personal pronouns.
RULE 1:
Use an apostrophe ( ’ ) in a contraction to show where one or more letters have been omitted.
Avoid using contractions in formal speech and writing.
Using Apostrophes with Contractions
RULE 1:
Use an apostrophe ( ’ ) and ( s ) to create the plural form of a letter, numeral, or a word used as a name for itself.
E.g. There are three 6’s in his phone number.
E.g. People cannot confuse a’s and an’s.
Using Apostrophes to Create Plurals
Using Parentheses ( )
RULE 1:
Use parentheses ( ) to set off explanations or other information that is loosely related to the rest of the sentence.
E.g. William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) was one of the most famous playwrights and dramatists.
RULE 2:
A parenthetical sentence within another sentence should not begin with a capital letter unless the parenthetical sentence begins with a word that should be capitalized.
E.g. We jumped in the pool (the water was freezing) and climbed out immediately.
RULE 3:
A parenthetical sentence within another sentence may end with a question mark or exclamation mark if applicable, but it should not end with a period.
E.g. The class trip (are you going?) is planned for the same day as our game. { √ }
E.g. The class trip (we all want to go.) is planned for the same day as our game. { X }
RULE 4:
A parenthetical sentence that stands on its own should begin with a capital letter and end with an end mark before the closing parentheses.
E.g. The class trip is planned for the same day as our game. ( Do you think they will change the date? )
Using Brackets { } RULE 1:
Brackets { } have one major use: to enclose a word or words is a quotation that were not spoken by the person or source that is quoted.
E.g. The mayor said, “The newly built bridge was the effort of two local companies { SACO and SISCO}.”
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