“to” is the preposition we love! - wordpress.com · “to” is the preposition we love! ......
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“To” is the preposition
we love! Sylwia Ploskonka
Irene Torregrosa
Carmen Alexe
Carole Poncin
“TO” SYNTAX
Preposition expresses a relation in space
between two or more entities or a relation in
time between events.
Preposition TO: in the direction of place or
time.
She ran to the bus stop.
It s five to three.
“TO” PREPOSITION
Two types of preposition “To”:
SIMPLE: To : I prefer painting to drawing
COMPLEX : thanks to, up to, near to, due to, owing to
There are points of similarity between prepositions and
other word classes and constructions in English grammar
TO is not only a preposition-the reason we love it
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Connector reference: WITH REGARD TO (formal)
WITH REFERENCE TO (formal)
preposition - Noun Nucleus: With regard to your proposal, I
haven`t decided myself whether to come or not
preposition- Gerund Nucleus: With regard to celebrating your
birthday, I think I know the perfect place!
“TO” SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS
A:PREPOSITION
B: 1)INFINITIVE MARKER
2)SUBSTITUTE FOR THE INFINITIV
C:ADVERB CLAUSE LINKER
General syntactical patterns:
I TO + Noun/ Gerund; Noun+ TO (infinitive)
II Adjective+ TO
III TO+ Verb/ Verb+ TO//TO
IV TO-Adverb
TO- Polysemy, Set Phrases & Idioms
GENERAL USES: PREPOSITION
DUE TO and OWING TO
Due/owing to the bad weather(,) the match
was cancelled.
We have had to postpone the meeting (,)
due/ owing to the Chairwoman s illness.
GENERAL USES:PREPOSITION
MOVEMENT OR DIRECTION
He gets to the market by bike.
I go to Canada to see him whenever I can.
THROW TO AND SHOUT TO
Please do not throw food to the animals.
Could you shout to Phil and tell him it s
breakfast time?
OTHER USES “TO” PREPOSITION
AFTER EXPRESSIONS
He went to school in Bristol
He went to work with my brother yesterday
UNTIL/TILL AND TO (expressing time)
I usually work from nine to five
It’s a quarter to three
IN EXCLAMATIONS
And then to be let down like that!
GENERAL USES “TO”PREPOSITION
OMISSION OF TO (IO)
I gave the book to Tom = I gave Tom the book
This construction with:
(in a will) (= hand) (instrument/
piece of
music)
(= narrate,
inform)
Bring Lend Pay Promise
Give Offer play Sell
Hand pass Send
Leave Show
Sing
Take
tell
GENERAL USES: PREPOSITION
VERBS OF COMMUNICATION
(OMISSION OF TO)
1) Ask, encourage, invite, recommend, advise
They advised him to wait.
2) Complain, describe, explain, say, speak,
suggest, talk.
He spoke English (to them).
“TO” OTHER FUNCTIONS:
1)“TO” Infinitive marker
a)To- base form of the verb: to read, to give, to do etc.
To read (subject) good books is important
b) Verb+ TO (infinitive): like to, begin to, attempt to, fail to, continue to,
agree to, have to etc.
Prices have continued to rise
A veterinary surgeon attempted to revive the elephant
c) Verb+ To+ Verb-ing: be used to, applied to, be close to, take to, look
forward to etc.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you
2)“TO” substitute for the infinitive
Don’t go if you don`t want to.
“TO” ADVERB
According to: To my way of thinking you are wrong
I played the game according to the rules
ADVERB CLAUSE LINKER
Infinitive clause of purpose: clause+ TO infinitive ( Stative Verbs)
TO: We went on to the roof to watch the fireworks
I sat down to rest
In order to (more formal): We got up early in order to have time
to pack
So as to: I moved to a new flat so as to be near my work
POLYSEMY SET PHRASES
TO
PHRASAL VERBS IDIOMS
GENERAL USES
POLYSEMY “TO”PREPOSITION
MOVEMENT OR DIRECTION
Destination: He wrote a letter to his beloved
Towards: He walk slowly to the door
As far as: There isn t much distance from
here to London
Located at(position): The door is to the left of the
window
POLYSEMY “TO”PREPOSITION
Against: He stood with his back to the wall
About, concerning: What do you say to that?
Up to (adverb): To this day I still don’t know what he
meant
POLYSEMY “TO”PREPOSITION
In dedications, greetings: Greetings to all our
friends!; Welcome to you all!
In ratios, proportions: The football team won by
four goals to two
In comparisons: You think superior to the others
SET PHRASES WITH “TO”
To and fro = backwards and forwards
The lion in the cage moved to and fro.
Face to face /cheek to cheek
Shall we do the interview over the phone, or
face to face?
Couples were dancing cheek to cheek.
SET PHRASES WITH “TO”
Ten to one /a hundred to one
There is a million to one chance you will
win the lottery.
Back to front
I think you have got that sweater on back
to front.
IDIOMS WITH “TO”
All roads lead to Rome.
If the mountain won’t come to Mohammed,
then Mohammed must go to the mountain.
Armed to the teeth
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