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Anupana

Asst.Professor

P.G. Dept. of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana

BVVS Ayurved Medical College, Bagalkot

Email- arunhavinal05@gmail.com

Contents

• Introduction

• Definition

• Objective

• History

• Synonyms

• Types

• Properties

• Mechanism of action

• Anupana dravya with examples

• Modern corelation

• Research articles

• Own research view

• Summary

• Conclusion

• References

Introduction

ÌlÉÂÌ£ü-

AlÉÑmÉÉlÉ = AlÉÑ + mÉÉlÉ

AlÉÑ = mɶÉÉiÉ mÉÉlÉ = ÌmÉoÉåiÉ

• The word anu indicates the meanings like

asyaathaha, pashchaat, sadrushyam, lakshanam,

bhaagaha, heenaha,sahaarthaha, aayaamaha,

sameepam and paripaatee.(after, afterwords, there

upon, again, further, behind, then, next, along,

alongside, lengthwise, over, through, etc)

Definition

“AlÉÑ xÉWû mɶÉÉiÉ uÉÉ mÉÏrÉiÉå CirÉlÉÑmÉÉlÉÈ”

Anupana is a substance, which is taken along with or after

the intake of oushadha or aahaara dravya.

तत्तद् रोगघ्न भषैज्यम् भेषजस्यानुपियते यच्च सहायकारी स्याद् अनुिानम्

तद् उच्यते। -Rasatarangini

The one which reduces the ailment by augmenting action of

medicine, when taken along with it is known as anupana.

• यद् नियतकालम ्विधििशात ् पीयते तत ्अिुपािम।् (astanghridaya)

That which is taken at specific time and specific method

is anupana.

• The dictionary meaning of anupana is the one which is taken

along with or after medicine.

• The Paana which is consumed after Oushadha and

Bhakshana is anupana.

Objective

• To know about Anupana and its importance.

History

The reference of the word Anupana is not directly

available in Vedic period. But can be traced with the help

of different aspects like aachamana, the paana which is

taken for some of the regimens to cure the diseases.

Vishnu puraana, it is mentioned that while consuming

aahaara, the jala has to be taken in between and after

the food. In Garuda puraana, shaali tandula choorna

with ksheera.

In samhita kaal, all the samhita’s had explained

regarding anupana and its importance .

In Ashtanga Hridaya it is mentioned in Matrasitiya

adhyaya.

In Ashtanga samgraha it is mentioned in Sutra Stana-

Virudhannavijnaniya.

In Susrutha samhitha there is a varga known as Anupana

varga is explained in sutrasthana.

In Charaka sutrasthana, detailed description of different

anupana’s including asava’s mentioned.

In the medevial period, Sarngadhara also mentioned

probable mode of action of anupana.

In Kaiyadeva nighantu,a well description of anupana

present

In Rasatarangini , anupana explained in relation with

rasaoushadis.

Compiled book of Anupana Darpana, Aunupana

manjari, anupana kalpataru also explains regarding

anupana in detail.

Synonyms

Anupana

Vaahana

Sahayogi

Maadhyama

Anutarsha

Anupeya

Anupaneeya

Oushadangapeya

Best Anupana

• तोयं वा सववते्रपत ।

• सवेषामनुिानानां महेन्द्रं तोयमुत्तमम् । अनुिान दिवन

Classification

Administration

Raj Nighantu Usage

Form

Anupana

Time of

Administration

Pashchatpaana

Madhyapaana

Antahpaana

Sahapaana

Aadipaana

DRAVA SHUSHKA

Raj Nighantu

Kraamana Paachana

That which is administered

in delay i.e. after certain gap.

That which is administered

in night.

Usage

Aaharopyogi Aushadhopyogi

Aaharopayogi

पविररतं यदन्द्नस्य गुणैैः स्यादपवरोपि च । अनुिानं समासेन, सववदा तत्प्रशस्यते॥ अ.हृ.८/५१

One which has quality opposite to anna but does not produce the effect opposite to that such dravya is consider to be anupana.

अनुिानं करोत्प्युजाां तु्रपतं व्यापतं रुढांगताम् । अन्द्नसंघातशपैिल्यपवपलिपत्तजरणापन च ॥ अ.हृ.८/५२

अनुिानं पहतं युकं्त तिवयत्प्याशु मानवम् । सुखं िचपत चाहारमायुषे च बिाय च ॥ च.स.ू२७/३२६

पस्िरतां गतमपलिन्द्नमन्द्नमर्विापयनाम् । भवत्प्याबािजननमनुिानमतैः पिबेत् ॥

कै.पन. पव.वगव २९१

Guna and Karma

• अनुिानकमवगुणान् रवक्ष्यामैः अनुिानं तिवयपत, रीणयपत, ऊजवयपत, ब ंहयापत, ियावपतमपभपनववतवयपत, भुक्तमवसादयपत, अन्द्नसंघातं पभनपत्त, मादववमािादयपत, लिेदयपत, जरयपत, सुखिररणापमतामाशुव्यवापयतां चाहारस्योिजनयतीपत ॥

च स ू२७/३२५

Aushadhopayogi

यिा तिंै जिे पितं िणेनवै रसिवपत । अनुिानबिादंगे तिा सिवपत भेषजम् ॥ शा.र.ख ६

गणु कर्म-

रोचनं ब ंहणं व ष्यं दोषसंघातभेदनम् । तिवणं मादववकरं श्रमलिमहरं सुखम् ॥ पदिनं दोषशमनं पििासाछेदनं िरम् । बिवणवकरं सम्यगनुिानं सदोच्यते ।

सु.स.ू४६/४४२-४३

Mode of action

• Anupana dravya enhances the action of

original dravya with which it is administered

and thereby achieves the desired effect

quickly by carrying the oushadha dravya to

the target site and thereby increases its

bioavailability and facilitates easy absorption.

Maatra

• In Bruhatrayee the matraa has not been explained but the later

authors and commentators added matraa for anupana based on

the doshas.

• Matra here is in pala pramana.as per VPP, its upto 8pala.

Sl.No

Dosha

D.G.S

Sha.S

Deepika

Goodhartha

Deepika

1.

Vata

2

3

3

2

2.

Pitta

3

2

2

3

3.

Kapha

1

1

1

1

Anupana Dravya Classification

Doshas

Roga

Dravya Anupana Dravyas

Rasa

Dosha

Vataj – Snighda and ushna dravya

Pittaj – Madhra and sheeta dravya

Kaphaj – Ruksha and ushna dravya

Su.Su 46/435

Rasa

Rasa Anupana

Madhura Katu

Amla Lavana

Lavana Amla

Katu Tikta

Tikta Katu amla kashaya

Kashaya Madhura

Sarvarasa Ksheera

Roga

Yogaratnakar has explained the anupana dravya as per the

disease. .

e.g. –

Jwara- Kirat tikta, musta, parpata

Grahini- Takra

Arsha- Bhallataka, chitraka

Pandu- Sh.Mandura bhasma

Kshaya- Shuddha shilajatu

Shula- Fried Hingu and karanjabeeja majja

Pliha roga- Pippali churna

Nidrakshya- Mahish dugda with sharkara etc.

Dravya

Dravya

Single Drug Formulation

Single drug

• Acharya sushrutha explained anupana for individual

drugs.

Ghrita- ushnodaka

Taila- yush and kanji

Masha- dhanyamla

Kushmanda- triphalasava

Saindhava- aranala

Amlaphala- padmotphal;a kandasava etc.

• Also in anupana darpana have explained for single

dravya for various vyadhis.

E.g.- Nirgundi

Gomutra- kushta

Ghrita- krushta

Ushnodaka- sarvaroga. etc

• Acharya Bhavamishra explained Rutuharitaki

Sharad rutu – Sharkara

Hemanta rutu – Shunthi

Shishir rutu – Pippali

Vasant rutu – Madhu

Grishma rutu – Guda

Varsha rutu – Saindhava

- Bh.Ni 1

Formulation

Kalka, churna

Kashaya

Sneha

Rasa dravya

Madhu, Ghrita, Taila – Dwiguna matra

Other dravya – Chaturguna

e.g. rasone kalka – Tilataila

nimba kalka – Jala

Kalka Anupana

Ghrita, madhu adi dravyas

for lehana – Dwiguna

for pana – Chaturguna

e.g. Sitopaladi churna – Madhu

Lavanabhaskara churna - Takra

Churna Anupana

Narayanachurnam

Udara- takra

Gulma- badarakashaya

Vibandha- suramadya

Vatharoga- prasanna

Vitsanga- dadhimanda

Arsas- dadimambha

Ajirna- ushnambu

Ksheera, ghrita, guda, taila, mutra etc – 1karsha

e.g. Marasnadikadha – eranda taila

Dashamoola katutraaya - honey

Kashaya Anupana

Guggulu is administerd with anupana based on the

various diseases. The general anupana for guggulu

kalpa are

Triphala kashaya,

Dashmoola kashaya,

Vasa kashaya etc.

Guggulu Anupana

Kaisora guggulu

Netraroga- Vasakashayam

Gulma- Varunadikashaya

Vrana,kushta- Khadirakashaya

Vatharaktha- Manjishtadikashaya

Anupanas are having more function in rasa dravya. It

may be consider that it removes toxicity of rasa

dravya if present.

It may decrease the potency and make suitable for

the body.

Almost all rasaoushadis are having different

systemwise action based on anupana.

Rasadravya Anupana

Aruchi – Nistushya dhanya ghrita bhrushta

Jwara – Dhanyaka and guduchi kwath

Atisara,grahini – Bhanga churna ,honey

Plihodara, arsha, chardi - Dadimapushpa rasa

Kasa,shwasa,swarabhanga – Madhu, sharkara, vasa

kwatha.

Lokanathrasa

RASA SINDHOORA

Vyadhi Anupana

Nava jwara Tulasi, Ardrak swaras

Jeerna jwara Dhanyak, Guduchi kwath

Prameha Jamburasa, Haridra kwath

Shwasa Kushmanda rasa, Vasa rasa

Arsha Baala Haritaki kwath

Kamala Darvi kwatha

Pandu Lohabhasma

Swayathu Punarnava kwath

Garbhashaya roga Kakolichurna + Narikela taila

Jeerna amavata Musta, Guducha, Pippali, Vacha,

Hareetaki.

Bhagandara Triphala, Vidanga kwath.

• Anupana dravya for dhatu:

Dhatu Anupana

Suvarna Haritaki + Sita

Rajata Sharkara + Madhu

Tamra Vanavrihi + Sita

Naga Hemaharitaki + Sita

Vanga Meshashringi + Sita

Aara Truti + Madhukhanda

Tridhatu Triphala

Ghrita – Ushnodaka

Taila – Yoosha

Vasa & majja – Manda

Sneha Anupana

Contraindications of Anupana

Shwasa

Kasa

Urdwajatrugata roga

Urakshata

Praseka

Swarabheda

Anupana Nishiddha kala

Journey

Too much talk

Too much study

Too much singing

Too much sleep

Exercise

Modern correlation

Adjuvant Vehicle Digestive

Synergistic Appetiser

Adjuvant

Assisting or aiding.

A substance that aids another, such as an auxiliary

remedy.

A nonspecific stimulator of the immune response.

How anupana acts as adjuvant?

Eg: Honey

It contain easily digestable fructose

It aids easy absorption by active transport

It augment the action of medicine by yogavahitva

Vehicles

The term vehicles is derived from the latin word ’

vehiculum’ meaning that ‘which carrries’.

It is a substance used for the administration of

medicine.

Properties

They form a reservoir of the ingredient

They allow local release of suitable amounts of the

active drug

Useful for physical actions like soothing,

lubricating, cooling etc

Digestant and Appetiser

Digestant’s are drugs which enhance the process of

digestion

Appetizers are drugs used for the treatment of loss

of appetite

Induce appetite by increasing gastric secretion

Anupana mentioned along with aharas are having

appetising and digestant action

both these actions of anupana seen in food stuffs

Thus it help in faster digestion

Synergism

Synergism means facilitation of a pharmacological

response by the concomitant use of two or more

drugs

The word ‘synergism’ is derived from the two

greek words ergo(work) and syn(with) indicates a

pharmacologic co operation

This results in a total effect greater than the sum of

their independent actions

Rasnadi kwatha is told as anupana for

Yogarajaguggulu gulika in vata rogas

Here the kashaya augment the action of yogaraja

guggulu

Thus act as synergist

Researchs on food stuffs

Application of cold water in wheat foods

There is a protein called gluten common for yava and godhuma

Gluten is responsible for the texture of flour

Gluten becomes hardened by the application of hot water

Solubility literally means digestibility

Eventhough cold water decreses rate of digestion generally , yava and godhuma can be easily soluble and digestable in cold water

Cold water in curd digestion

Curd is easily digestable than milk

It contain high fractions of lactic acid

Lactic acid formations during digestion is responsible for heartburn

Curd is culprited for heartburn in most of the people

While taking with cold water ,reduces the risk of heartburn

Alcohol and cold water

Alcohol absorbs slowly in presence of cold water in

comparison with warm water

Rapid absorption reduce the efficacy of liver, because

detoxification takes place at liver

Absorption of alcohol from stomach causes irritation of the

membrane

Cold water gives soothening effect to the mucous membranes

of stomach

Researchs on Drugs

A study on Anupana W.S.R. to role of ghrita in

Vataja kasa.

Study of synergistic anti inflammatory activity of

allamanda cathartika linn and piper nigrum linn.

Synergistic action of piper longum extract with

ciprofloxacin in MRSA.

Significance of anupana in diet and drug.

Own research view

More number of studies must be carried out to

know about how anupana acts a major part in

declining the worsened conditions.

Summary

Conclusion

Anupana is a unique concept that is gifted by

Ayurveda.

Anupana is very essential part in ahara as well as

oushada.

Care should be taken in selecting anupana suitable

for getting all the beneficiaries from intake.

Single drug can be used to treat most of the diseases

when given with suitable anupana.

Thank Q