antebellum southrevised

CRCT Review – Explain the significance of the following events:

1) Battle of Kettle Creek2) Battle of Bloody Marsh3) Proclamation of 1763

Special Thanks to Ms. Susan M. PojerSpecial Thanks to Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Special Thanks to Ms. Susan M. PojerSpecial Thanks to Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NYHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Early Emancipation in Early Emancipation in the Norththe North

Early Emancipation in Early Emancipation in the Norththe North

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Characteristics Characteristics of the of the

Antebellum Antebellum SouthSouth

Characteristics Characteristics of the of the

Antebellum Antebellum SouthSouth

1.1. Primarily agrarianPrimarily agrarian

2.2. Economic power shifted from the Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South”“upper South” to the “lower South”

3.3. ““Cotton Is King!”Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr (57% of total US exports) (57% of total US exports)

4.4. Very slow development of industryVery slow development of industry

5.5. Rudimentary financial systemRudimentary financial system

6.6. Developing transportation systemDeveloping transportation system

Antebellum Antebellum Social LadderSocial LadderAntebellum Antebellum

Social LadderSocial LadderPlanters, bankers, lawyers, and Planters, bankers, lawyers, and

merchantsmerchants

Yeoman farmersYeoman farmers

Poor whitesPoor whites

Free blacksFree blacks

Black slavesBlack slaves

Yeoman Farmer’s Yeoman Farmer’s Dogtrot CabinDogtrot Cabin

Yeoman Farmer’s Yeoman Farmer’s Dogtrot CabinDogtrot Cabin

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)

Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”

[plantation owners][plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]

6,000,0006,000,000

Black FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,0003,200,000

250,000250,000

Total US Population --> Total US Population --> 23,000,00023,000,000

[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Georgian Society Georgian Society (1850)(1850)

Georgian Society Georgian Society (1850)(1850)““Slavocracy”Slavocracy”

[plantation owners][plantation owners]

The “Plain Folk”The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]

600,000600,000

Black FreemenBlack Freemen

Black SlavesBlack Slaves381,600381,600

3,5003,500

Total US Population --> Total US Population --> 23,000,00023,000,000

[985,100 in Georgia = 4.3%][985,100 in Georgia = 4.3%]

Southern Population Southern Population (1860)(1860)

Southern Population Southern Population (1860)(1860)

Graniteville Textile Graniteville Textile Co.Co.

Graniteville Textile Graniteville Textile Co.Co.

Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in

Richmond, VA

Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern

AgricultureAgriculture

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Plantationon a Plantation

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Plantationon a Plantation

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

The Growth of King The Growth of King CottonCotton

The Growth of King The Growth of King CottonCotton

18201820

18601860

King Cotton in King Cotton in GeorgiaGeorgia

King Cotton in King Cotton in GeorgiaGeorgiaLate 1700s – Sea Island CottonLate 1700s – Sea Island Cotton

1793 – Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin1793 – Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin

Short-fiber variety grows inlandShort-fiber variety grows inland

Georgia’s Piedmont and Coastal Plain Georgia’s Piedmont and Coastal Plain idealideal

Georgia’s Fall Line attracted planters Georgia’s Fall Line attracted planters – fast moving water could power – fast moving water could power

cotton gins, textile mills, and cotton gins, textile mills, and factoriesfactories

1820s – Steamboats and 1840s – 1820s – Steamboats and 1840s – RailroadRailroad

By 1850 By 1850 “Empire State of the South”“Empire State of the South”

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports

““Hauling the Whole Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”Week’s Pickings”

William Henry Brown, William Henry Brown, 18421842

““Hauling the Whole Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”Week’s Pickings”

William Henry Brown, William Henry Brown, 18421842

TaraTara – Plantation Reality – Plantation Reality or Myth?or Myth?

TaraTara – Plantation Reality – Plantation Reality or Myth?or Myth?

Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?

Jarrell Plantation -Jarrell Plantation - Reality RealityJarrell Plantation -Jarrell Plantation - Reality Reality

Jones County, GA VersionJones County, GA VersionJones County, GA VersionJones County, GA Version

Life of a PlanterLife of a PlanterLife of a PlanterLife of a Planter• Successful Plantation required hard

work

Minimum of 20 field slaves

• Often used overseers or trusted slaves to assist in running the operation

• Typical plantation home - plain, unpainted, and modestly furnished

• The wife often oversaw day-to-day needs

*food, clothing, and health needs of family and slaves

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

Slave-Owning Families Slave-Owning Families (1850)(1850)

A Real Georgia A Real Georgia PlantationPlantation

A Real Georgia A Real Georgia PlantationPlantation

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their cabin their cabin on a on a

Southern Southern plantation.plantation.

The Southern “Belle”The Southern “Belle”The Southern “Belle”The Southern “Belle”

The Privileged Class…The Privileged Class…The Privileged Class…The Privileged Class…• Elite of Georgian society

• Enjoyed a comfortable life* barbecues and political gatherings,

church functions, frequent visitors, riding , hunting and traveling abroad

• With a successful plantation, planters could spend time on political office

• Many prided themselves on an extensive library

• Young sent to private schools close to home

• Sons often sent to the North for education and daughters to female seminaries

Scarlet and MammieScarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)(Hollywood Again!)

Scarlet and MammieScarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)(Hollywood Again!)

A Real Mammie & Her A Real Mammie & Her ChargeCharge

A Real Mammie & Her A Real Mammie & Her ChargeCharge

The Ledger of John The Ledger of John WhiteWhite

The Ledger of John The Ledger of John WhiteWhite

Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00

Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy

Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,Donaldsonville, $1200.00

Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00

Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

EducationEducationEducationEducation• Legislature called for schools in each

county, but did not fund

• Most Georgians believed education best left to the family, not the government

• “poor school funds” – many too proud to send their children

• “old field schools” – rural, one-room schools often built in old cotton fields

• As late as 1850 – 1 in 5 white adults were illiterate

• Higher education fared much better…

Old Field SchoolOld Field SchoolOld Field SchoolOld Field School

Higher EducationHigher EducationHigher EducationHigher Education• 1785 The General Assembly chartered

The University of Georgia (first classes 1801)

*with the help of Joseph Henry Lumpkin and T.R.R. Cobb would include one of the premier southern law schools

• 1828 Medical College of Georgia in Augusta

• Religious denominations built new colleges

* Emory College in 1836 – Methodist

* Oglethorpe College in 1835 – Presbyterian

* Mercer University in 1837 – Baptist

• Georgia Female College (Wesleyan College) began classes in Macon in 1839 – Methodist

The University of The University of GeorgiaGeorgia

The University of The University of GeorgiaGeorgia

Wesleyan College - Wesleyan College - MaconMacon

Wesleyan College - Wesleyan College - MaconMacon

ReligionReligionReligionReligion• Early Protestant – Presbyterian, Episcopalian,

Lutheran, Moravian, and Baptist

• Early 1800s, the Great Revival swept the South – camp meetings and revivals

• Predominant churches became the Baptists and Methodists

• Early on, slaves often attended church services with their master

• African Methodist Episcopal (AME) and African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) developed in North and were anti-slavery

• Black churches in the South were primarily Baptist and could not preach about slavery

Southern Slave ChurchSouthern Slave ChurchSouthern Slave ChurchSouthern Slave Church

Georgian Social Georgian Social ReformReform

Georgian Social Georgian Social ReformReform• Began to deal with criminals and needy

in a more humane approach

• Abolished laws that allowed for cruel punishments

• 1817 state opened first penitentiary (repent)

• 1818 provided blankets, food, clothing, etc. to county prisoners

• 1842 an asylum was built in Milledgeville

• 1847 a school for the deaf in Cave Springs

• 1852 took responsibility for helping the blind at the Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon

Georgia Academy for Georgia Academy for the Blindthe Blind

Georgia Academy for Georgia Academy for the Blindthe Blind

Georgia Lunatic AsylumGeorgia Lunatic AsylumGeorgia Lunatic AsylumGeorgia Lunatic Asylum

Ticket Out the Door – Which compromise was the best for the nation? The worst?