android part-1 - hello android

1Bipin Jethwani

Agenda

Introduction to

o Android mobile operating systemo Android appo Android app sandboxingo Android app development platformo Android emulators and advance techniqueso Android device administrationo Sample App

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Android is a mobile operatingsystem (OS) based on the Linuxkernel and currently developedby Google.

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Initially developed by Android, Inc.,which Google backed financially andlater bought in 2005, Android wasunveiled in 2007.

This was along with the founding of the Open HandsetAlliance—aconsortiumof hardware, software, andtelecommunication companies devoted to advancing openstandards for mobile devices.

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The main hardware platform for Android is theARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures).

x86 and MIPS architectures are also officially supported

Since Android 5.0 "Lollipop", 64-bit variants of allplatforms are supported.

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Initial release September 23, 2008Latest release April 21, 2015 (5.1.1 "Lollipop“)

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Android 1.5 Cupcake

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Android 1.6 Donut

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Android 2.0 Éclair Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts (emails and contacts) Microsoft Exchange email support. Bluetooth 2.1 support Multi-touch events

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Android 2.2 Froyo (Frozen Yoghurt) Push Notifications Adobe Flash support. Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser Microsoft Exchange security enhancements including remote wipe Installing apps on SD card

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Android 2.3 Gingerbread Native Code Development Near Field Communication (NFC) Download Manager Power Management

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Android 3.0 Honeycomb The first tablet-only Android update. Multi-core Processors

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Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Face Unlock

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Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)(API level 16)

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean(API level 16)

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Android 4.2 Jelly Bean(API level 17)

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Android 4.4 KitKat(API level 19)

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Android 5.0 "Lollipop" Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation andimproved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecodeinterpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation. Support for 64-bit CPUs Material design Project Volta, for battery life improvements

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Android 5.1.1 Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the ownersigns into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.

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Android apps are written in the Javaprogramming language

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However, they run on Android's own JavaVirtual Machine, called Dalvik VirtualMachine (DVM)

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The Android SDK tools compile your code—along with any data and resource files—intoan APK: an Android package, which is anarchive file with an .apk suffix.

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.apk file is the containers for app binaries.

.dex files these are all the app’s .class filesconverted to Dalvik byte code.

compiled resources (resources.arsc) uncompiled resource Binary version of AndroidManifest.xml

An .apk file contains all of the information necessary to run your application on a device oremulator.

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App are made from components.Android instantiates and runs them as needed.

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The two fundamental concepts about Android app framework App provide multiple entry points

o From one component you can start another componentusing an intent. You can even start a component in adifferent app, such as an activity in maps app to show anaddress. Apps adapt to different devices

o You can create different XML layout files for differentscreen sizes and the system determines which layout toapply based on the current device’s screen size.

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Application Sandboxing

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Once installed on a device, each Android app lives in its own security sandbox

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user.

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID This User ID doesn’t change during app’s life on a device.

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID This User ID doesn’t change during app’s life on a device. This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app.

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID This User ID doesn’t change during app’s life on a device. This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app. System sets permissions for all the files in an app so that only the User ID assigned

to that app can access them.

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device. This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app. System sets permissions for all the files in an app so that only the User ID assigned

to that app can access them. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation

from other apps.

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Android OS is a multi-user Linux system Each app is a different user. System assigns each app a unique Linux User ID This id doesn’t change during app’s life on a device. This User ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the app. System sets permissions for all the files in an app so that only the User ID assigned

to that app can access them. Each application is given a dedicated data directory which only it has permission

to read and write to Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an app's code runs in isolation

from other apps. By default, every app runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process

when any of the app's components need to be executed, then shuts down theprocess when it's no longer needed or when the system must recover memory forother apps.

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Zygote is a daemon whose goal is to launch Apps.

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Automatically generated UIDs for applications start at 10000 (AID_APP), and thecorresponding usernames are in the form app_XXX or uY_aXXX (on Android versions that support multiple physical users),

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The data directory of the email application is named after its package name and is createdunder /data/data/ on single-user devices.

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Thus, applications are isolated, or sandboxed,both at the process level (by having each run in adedicated process) and at the file level (by having a privatedata directory).

This creates a kernel-level application sandbox, whichapplies to all applications, regardless of whether they areexecuted in a native or virtual machine process.

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Apps that are signed with same certificate can share data, user ID, as well as run ina single process. They just need to specify same sharedUserId and process.

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Android Development Environment

Your workbench for writing android applications

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Based on Eclipse

Based on IntelliJ Community Edition47

Based on Eclipse

Based on IntelliJ Community Edition

Windows•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)

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Based on Eclipse

Based on IntelliJ Community Edition

Windows•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)Mac OS XMac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)

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Based on Eclipse

Based on IntelliJ Community Edition

Windows•Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit)Mac OS XMac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks)LinuxGNOME or KDE desktopTested on Ubuntu® 14.04, Trusty Tahr

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SYSTEM LIBRARIES RUNTIME APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS SDK KEY APPS

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SECURITY MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT FILE & NETWORK I/O DEVICE DRIVERS

SYSTEM LIBRARIES RUNTIME APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS SDK KEY APPS

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SECURITY MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT FILE & NETWORK I/O DEVICE DRIVERS ANDROID SPECIFIC POWER MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM LIBRARIES APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS KEY APPS SDK RUNTIME

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SECURITY MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT FILE & NETWORK I/O DEVICE DRIVERS ANDROID SPECIFIC POWER MANAGEMENT ANDROID SHARED MEMORY

SYSTEM LIBRARIES APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS KEY APPS SDK RUNTIME

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SECURITY MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT FILE & NETWORK I/O DEVICE DRIVERS ANDROID SPECIFIC POWER MANAGEMENT ANDROID SHARED MEMORY LOW MEMORY KILLER

SYSTEM LIBRARIES APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS KEY APPS SDK RUNTIME

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES ANDROID LINUX KERNEL SECURITY MEMORY & PROCESS MANAGEMENT FILE & NETWORK I/O DEVICE DRIVERS ANDROID SPECIFIC POWER MANAGEMENT ANDROID SHARED MEMORY LOW MEMORY KILLER IPC - BINDER

SYSTEM LIBRARIES APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS KEY APPS SDK RUNTIME

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A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES LINUX KERNEL SYSTEM LIBRARIES APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS WINDOW MANAGER VIEW SYSTEM PACKAGE MANAGER ACTIVITY MANAGER LOCATION MANAGER NOTIFICATION MANAGER ALARM MANAGER CONTENT PROVIDERS RESOURCE MANAGER TELEPHONY MANAGER

KEY APPS SDK RUNTIME

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Emulator

Can emulate many different device/user characteristics, such asNetwork speed/latenciesBattery PowerLocation coordinates

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VGA means Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 640*480 pixels.QVGA means Quarter Video Graphics Array and has a resolution of 320*240 pixels.HVGA means Half Video Graphics Array, and has a resolution of 480*320 pixels.WVGA (Wide Video Graphics Array) with a resolution of 800*480 pixelsFWVGA (Full Wide Video Graphics Array) at 854*480 pixels

The only difference between WVGA and FWVGA is the screen aspect ratio. WVGA has15:9, and FWVGA is 16:9. 16:9 is better for HD movie watching

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telnet localhost 554

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help

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power capacity 100

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power ac offpower status not-charging

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power capacity 5

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power ac offhelp networkhelp network speed

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network speed edge

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network speed edgeEDGE (Enhanced GPRS) on GSM networks. It give 3x speed than outdated GPRS system. Max of 473 kbps.

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network speed full

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