ancient mesopotamia- “ the land between two rivers” chapter 1 sections 2 & 3
Post on 13-Dec-2015
226 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ““THE LAND BETWEEN TWO THE LAND BETWEEN TWO
RIVERS” Chapter 1 Sections 2 & 3RIVERS” Chapter 1 Sections 2 & 3
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
CITY STATES- self-governing unit CITY STATES- self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland.villages and farmland.
ANCIENTANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA-MESOPOTAMIA-GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES RIVERSEUPHRATES RIVERS
BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE BOTH RIVERS FLOW INTO THE PERSIAN GULFPERSIAN GULF
LOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQLOCATED IN PRESENT DAY IRAQ
Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent
MesopotamiaMesopotamia
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
POSITIVE POSITIVE
abundant amount abundant amount of clayof clay
easy till-able soileasy till-able soil
water supply from water supply from Tigris-Euphrates Tigris-Euphrates RiversRivers
NEGATIVENEGATIVE
few natural few natural resourcesresources
minimal protection minimal protection from deserts and from deserts and mountainsmountains
City-StatesCity-States
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CIVILIZATIONSUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA. 3000 BELIEVED TO BE SETTLED CA. 3000 B.C.B.C.
DIVIDED INTO CITY-STATESDIVIDED INTO CITY-STATES
HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST HELPED TO DEVELOP THE FIRST FORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGIONFORM OF ORGANIZED RELIGION
CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST CREATED ONE OF THE EARLIEST FORM OF WRITINGFORM OF WRITING
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN CITY-STATESSUMERIAN CITY-STATES
ALWAYS IN CONSTANT ALWAYS IN CONSTANT CONFLICT OVER WATER CONFLICT OVER WATER RIGHTS AND LANDRIGHTS AND LANDCREATED WALLS FOR CREATED WALLS FOR PROTECTION, WITH PROTECTION, WITH MOATS ALONG THE MOATS ALONG THE OUTSIDEOUTSIDEFARMS WERE LOCATED FARMS WERE LOCATED ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF THE CITYTHE CITY
Sumerians invented:Sumerians invented:WheelWheel
Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in Time – 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minutea minute
12 month lunar calendar12 month lunar calendar
archarch
rampramp
ReligionReligion
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN RELIGIONSUMERIAN RELIGION
Ziggurats: pyramid site Ziggurats: pyramid site of the temple of the of the temple of the main gods.main gods.– Each city-state had their Each city-state had their
own gods and goddessesown gods and goddesses– Sun god – most Sun god – most
important.important.
Life after death was an Life after death was an extension of life.extension of life.
Ziggurat – Holy MountainZiggurat – Holy Mountain
ZigguratZiggurat
Large pyramid shaped structuresLarge pyramid shaped structures
Connected to heaven and earthConnected to heaven and earth
Ziggurat: “center for learning and Ziggurat: “center for learning and religion”religion”
How to Build a ZigguratHow to Build a Ziggurat
How to Build a Ziggurat
Sumerian ReligionSumerian Religion
Monotheism: Monotheism: worshiping one god.worshiping one god.– ““Mono” – means oneMono” – means one
Polytheism: worshiping Polytheism: worshiping many gods.many gods.– ““Poly” – means manyPoly” – means many
Writing:Writing:CuneiformCuneiform
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN WRITINGSUMERIAN WRITING
CALLED CUNEIFORM CALLED CUNEIFORM (LATIN FOR WEDGE)(LATIN FOR WEDGE)
WRITTEN ON CLAY WRITTEN ON CLAY TABLETSTABLETS
NEEDED FOR RELIGION, NEEDED FOR RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, AND GOVERNMENT, AND TRADETRADE
LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY LEARNED IN SCHOOL, BY MALES THAT LASTED MALES THAT LASTED FROM SUNRISE TO FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSETSUNSET
Sumerian Writing: cuneiform Sumerian Writing: cuneiform
Cuneiform is created by pressing a pointed stylus into a clay tablet.
CuneiformCuneiform
EconomyEconomy
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMYSUMERIAN ECONOMY
Make, sell or barter goods.Make, sell or barter goods.
Trade helped expansion.Trade helped expansion.
Development of moneyDevelopment of money– Will evolve over time. Will evolve over time.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN ECONOMYSUMERIAN ECONOMY
RICHRICH
government government officialsofficials
religious leadersreligious leaders
traderstraders
POORPOOR
FarmersFarmers
craftsmancraftsman
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA- SUMERIAN PASTIMESSUMERIAN PASTIMES
EntertainmentEntertainment– No longer had to hunt and No longer had to hunt and
gather.gather.– More time for fun times.More time for fun times.
Rich had more time than Rich had more time than poor.poor.
Activities:Activities:– BOARD GAMES BOARD GAMES – INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS– BARE FISTED BOXINGBARE FISTED BOXING
Activities geared toward Activities geared toward young and used for young and used for socializing.socializing.
The invention of Agriculture The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.changed the way people lived.
Agriculture (Farming)Agriculture (Farming)
Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities
Division of Labor Division of Labor (Specialization)(Specialization)
TradeTrade
Writing and MathematicsWriting and Mathematics
Mesopotamian Civilization
Sumeria
Akkadians Babylonians
Lydians
Hittites
Chaldeans
Assyrians
Persians
Phoenicians
HittitesHittitesIron WeaponsIron Weapons
Add to your map Add to your map the location:the location:– HittitesHittites– AssyriansAssyrians– AkkadiansAkkadians
AssyriansAssyriansChief god AssurChief god Assur
Chariots usedChariots used
First CavalryFirst Cavalry
AkkadiansAkkadiansSpoke a Semitic Language related to modern Spoke a Semitic Language related to modern Hebrew and ArabicHebrew and Arabic
When heaven above was not yet named, nor earth below pronounced by name, Apsu, the first one, their begetter and maker Tiamat, who bore them all, had mixed their waters together, but had not formed pastures, nor discovered reed-beds. When yet no gods were manifest, nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed, then gods were born within them.
BabyloniansBabyloniansChief god: MardukChief god: Marduk– Prayed for good Prayed for good
harvest and success harvest and success in business.in business.
King HammurabiKing Hammurabi
Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code– Earliest code of lawEarliest code of law– Based on equal Based on equal
retaliation.retaliation.
Hammurabi’s CodeHammurabi’s Code282 laws.282 laws.Harsh punishment for crimes.Harsh punishment for crimes.Based on equal retaliation.Based on equal retaliation.– “ “ If a man bring an accusation against a man If a man bring an accusation against a man
and charge him with a capital crime, but and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”death”
– ““If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
Laws were varied for the wealthy and Laws were varied for the wealthy and powerful.powerful.
What do you think?What do you think?
– “ “ If a man bring an accusation against a man If a man bring an accusation against a man and charge him with a capital crime, but and charge him with a capital crime, but cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to cannot prove it, the accuser, shall be put to death”death”
– ““If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off”freed man, his ear shall be cut off”
– If a man strike a free-born woman so that she If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. for her loss.
““If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death. If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death.
ChaldeansChaldeansSkilled Skilled astronomersastronomersHanging Gardens Hanging Gardens of Babylonof BabylonKing King Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar built them for his built them for his wifewife– One of the One of the
Ancient Wonders Ancient Wonders of the Worldof the World
http://www.crystalinks.com/seven.html
PersiansPersians
Present day IranPresent day Iran
Spoke an Indo-European LanguageSpoke an Indo-European Language
ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism– Belief in final judgment and training for Belief in final judgment and training for
itit
PhoeniciansPhoeniciansMajor natural Major natural resource: resource: lumber from lumber from cedar forests.cedar forests.Invented the art Invented the art of glassblowing.of glassblowing.AlphabetAlphabet– Then adopted by Then adopted by
Greeks.Greeks.– Then adopted by Then adopted by
RomansRomans
Please label Please label Phoenicia on Phoenicia on your map.your map.
LydiansLydians
First to use a money economy.First to use a money economy.– An economic system based in the use of An economic system based in the use of
money as a measure of value and a unit money as a measure of value and a unit of account.of account.
top related