ancient greece & rome

Classical Greece and Rome

1. Americans love Greek and Roman ideas.

Philadelphia

Washington, D. C.

The Parthenon

Athens, Greece

Philadelphia

The Philadelphia Art Museum

The Acropolis (2,000 years ago)

Athens, Greecehttp://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/videos#the-acropolis-deconstructed

Fairmount

Philadelphia

The Pantheon, Rome.

Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.

http://www.zippycreativeservices.com.au/images/blank-world-map2.jpg

Europe

http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Blank_map_of_Europe_%28polar_stereographic_projection%29_cropped.svg/700px-Blank_map_of_Europe_%28polar_stereographic_projection%29_cropped.svg.png

Europe

Greece

Europe

2. Ancient Greece

2. Geography of Greece

• Today, a small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.

• small country in Europe.• near the Mediterranean Sea.• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.

(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)

• the rest of Greece: many islands.

• the rest of Greece: many islands and many mountains

Greek City-States

• Greek City-States were isolated.

Greek City-States

• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.(isolated: alone.)

3.Greek City-States

• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.(isolated: alone.)

• City-states were like countries with their own laws, leaders & money.

3. Two Important Greek City-States:Sparta & Athens

Sparta

Athens

4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength

http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/videos#spartans

4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength

• Government: Kings• Not important: reading, writing, art.• Very important: training to become good soldiers.• Boys: 7 years old boys left their parents to study warfare

and athletics. • Girls: trained to be good athletes and to be

mothers of soldiers.

5. Athens’ Focus: Art, Culture, Democracy

• Government: People of Athens voted for leaders (democracy).• Important: art, architecture, beauty and military power.• Boys from rich families: went to school and trained to be

soldiers. Adult men could become citizens and vote.• Girls: learned how to take care of their homes. Adult women

had no rights.

6. Athens v. SpartaThe City-States of Athens and Sparta fought to control all of Greece in the Peloponnesian War.

After 27 years of fighting, Sparta defeated Athens.

Famous Greek Philosophers

Philosophy *

ΦΙΛΟ = loveΣΟΦΊΑ = wisdom

7. Philosophy

• Philosophers = “seekers of wisdom.”• Philosophers are teachers.• They use reasons and questions to study the

world and explain life.

philo = lovesophia = wisdom

Socrates

Socrates was a famous teacher who taught his students…

• …it is important to do the right thing.• …think for yourself• Socrates’ way of teaching: ask questions

to discover true ideas. (Socratic method.)

The children now love luxury;they have bad manners, contempt for authority; they show disrespect for elders and love chatter in place of exercise.

Children are now tyrants, not the servants of their households. They no longer rise when elders enter the room. They contradict their parents, chatter before company, gobble up dainties at the table, cross their legs, and tyrannize their teachers.

• student of Socrates.• started the world’s first university.• wrote about fair governments and fair

leaders in a book called The Republic.

Socrates and his student, Plato

Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello

Socrates

His stu

young Plato

Aristotle

Plato was Aristotle’s teacher.

He wrote books about • science• art• law• poetry• government.

Plato and his student, young Aristotle

Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello

8. Famous Greek Writers

Aesop• a slave of Greece.• wrote fables (stories) that

teach lessons.• many were animal stories.• Aesop’s Fables: still

popular today.

Aesop’s Fables

Herodotus

• wrote the first history books

9. Famous Greek Leaders

Pericles

• Democratic leader of Athens.• Constructed the Parthenon and the Acropolis

Alexander the Great

• son of King Phillip II. • young, strong military leader

Aristotle teaching young Alexander

• Aristotle was his teacher.• young, strong military leader

Alexander the Great

• made Greece a large empire.• conquered Persia, Egypt, the

Middle East, Northern India. • spread Greek ideas all over the

world• Alexander the Great did all of

this by the time he was 33.

The Empire of King Philip (Father of Alexander the Great)

Alexander the Great spread Greek culture far across Europe, Asia & Africa.

The Roman Empire

Europe

Zeus Hera Poseidon Ares Athena Aprhrodite

Jupiter Juno Neptune Mars Minerva Venus

10. The Romans conquered Greece.They controlled Greece, but they loved Greek ideas and copied them.For example, they loved Greek gods.They changed the gods’ names to Roman names.

. Greek names

Roman names p

king of the gods queen of the gods god of the sea god of war goddess of wisdom goddess of love

11. How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus

Rome is named for Romulus.

Rhea was the twins’ mother.Her uncle, the king, was afraid that the twins would try to take his power.

How Rome began:The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus & Remus

The king’s order: Drown the babies in the Tiber River.

Tiberinus, the river god, put the twins on land.

Lupa the wolf found the twins and raised them.

The image of the mother wolf raising the twins Romulus and Remus is a popular image in ancient art.

A shepherd found the twins...

…and brought them home.

Romulus and Remus grew up.They often argued…

…and had bitter fights.

They decided to work together and establish a city on the hill where Lupa found them.

They argued and fought about building a wall around the city. Remus died. Romulus named the new city after himself, Rome.

The Roman Empire: Before Caesar

12. Julius CaesarExcellent military leader.

He never lost a battle.

He conquered a lot of land for Rome and made the empire very large.

Vini, vidi, vici.

Julius Caesar

I came, I saw, I conquered.

Excellent military leader.

He never lost a battle.

He conquered a lot of land for Rome and made the empire very large.

The Roman Empire: After Caesar

Julius Caesar

Soldiers loved him.

The Roman people loved him.

Became leader of Rome in 55 B.C.E.

Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?

Pirates kidnapped him when he was 16. He escaped.

He improved the Roman calendar (“July” is named for Caesar.)

Set up the first newspapers (news signs).

Caesar and Cleopatra of Egypt loved each other.

Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?

Other leaders in Rome were afraid of Caesar’s popularity and power.

They assassinated him.

13. Roman Military Strength

Roman soldiers were very tough.People said the Roman army was like a fighting machine.They conquered a lot of land for Rome.

14. Roman Roads

Each time Roman soldiers conquered a city, they built a new road connecting the city to Rome.

Roman Roads

Romans built over 53,000 miles of roads. Most of the time, soldiers were the road builders.

Roman Roads

Today, we copy many ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome.

15. Architecture

archos

= Gree

word f

or ‘ma

ster’

tekton = Greek

word for ‘builder’

Doric Ionian Corinthian15.

The Lincoln Memorial

Ionian

The White House

Philadelphia City Hall

Corinthian

16. Sports Stadium

17. Theater

18. Alphabet

Greek Alphabet

Borrowed from the

Phoenicians

Copied by English and

other languages

19. The Olympics

Olympic games in ancient Greece began about 776 B.C.E.

Olympics in 2008, in China

The modern World Olympic games began in 1896 C. E.

20. Democracy

δημοκρατίαDemocracy

http://greece.mrdonn.org/athens1.gif

Citizens in ancient Greece wrote laws and voted for leaders.

Democracy

Demos = peoplecracy = power

Democracy

Demos = peoplecracy = power

http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/ddunits/units/ls1fq3acts.htmVoting in ancient Greece.

Only for rich

citizens

Voting in Philadelphia.

Most people in USA

have voting rights.

ancient greece & rome

rest of greece

ma greece

slave of greece

classical greece

ancient greece

athens focus

sparta athens athens

school of athens

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