anatomy and physiology honors chapter 5 tissues. intro to tissues please copy the following for...

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HONORS CHAPTER 5 TISSUES

INTRO TO TISSUES Please copy the following for your notes and answer while we are watching

this.

1. What is histology?

2. List the 4 types of tissues.

3. What are the two types of nervous tissue cells?

4. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue called?

ANSWERS

1. What is histology? The study of tissues

2. List the 4 types of tissues. Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

3. What are the two types of nervous tissue cells? Neurons, glial

4. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue called? Skeletal, cardiac,

smooth

OPENING ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the four types of human body tissue?

2. How are Epithelial cells classified?

CHAPTER 5 LEARNING GOALS

Students will be able to

1. List the 4 major tissue types and explain where they are found in the human body. (5.1)

2. Describe the characteristics of Epithelial tissue. (5.2)

3. List the types of Connective tissues, the general cellular components, and the function of each type. (5.3)

4. Differentiate between the three types of Muscle tissues (5.4)

5. Describe the structure and function of nervous tissue. (5.5)

6. Describe the four types of membranes (5.6)

INTRODUCTION TO TISSUES 5.1

Tissues: similar cells specialized to carry on a particular function.

Extracellular matrix: the nonliving portion that surrounds the tissue and helps with support, transmitting signals, and cell function.

From Cells to Organ Systems

• Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs

• Cells combine to form four primary tissues– Epithelial tissue– Connective tissue– Muscle tissue – Nervous tissue

Four Tissue Types: Epithelial TissueFunction: Form protectivecoverings and function in secretion, excretionand absorption.

Location: Found throughout the body as skin, covering organs, andlining body cavities and hollow organs.

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues

1. Found throughout the body2. Always have a free surface3. Anchored to underlying connective tissue by non-living basement membrane4. Lack blood vessels (diffusion)5. Cells readily divide (heal quickly)6. Tightly packed – protective7. Classified by shape and # layers

Function: Bind structures together, Support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce red blood cells

Location: Found throughout the body

Characteristics: good blood supply, cells are farther apart with an extracellular matrix between them. http://singularityhub.com/wp-content/

uploads/2010/08/red-blood-cells.jpg

Four Tissue Types: Connective Tissue

Function: MOVEMENT

Location: attached to bones,

Characteristics: contract in response to specific stimuli, resulting in body movements, movement of substances through the body, and the heartbeat.

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_guSOnFRs_Ks/TNvHCnIBuDI/AAAAAAAAAQs/

0X6MaLP_dYE/s1600/cardiac_muscle.jpg

Four Tissue Types: Muscle Tissue

Function: transmits impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory receptionLocation: Found in the brain, spinal cord, and all peripheral nerves.Characteristics:nervous tissue cells connect to each other and other body parts.http://faculty.stcc.edu/nash/21-07x-

neuron.jpg

Four Tissue Types: Nervous Tissue

EPITHELIAL TISSUES 5.2Basement membrane: the underside of epithelial tissue is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer called a basement membrane which is part of the extracellular matrix.

The epithelial tissue lacks a direct blood supply so to get the nutrients it needs to survive it relies on the connective tissue below. Diffusion happens across the basement membrane which separates the two types of tissue.

CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS

Epithelial cells are classified based on two different physical characteristics: shape and number of layers.

3 BASIC SHAPES: Squamous – flat and

scale-like

Cuboidal – shaped like a cube

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www.tvcc.edu http://

www.siumed.edu

Columnar – taller than wide

http://www.spjc.edu

http://internetattitude.com

Number of layers:

Simple: one layerthick

Stratified: two or more layers

(like the ‘strata’ or layers of the Earth)

Simple squamous

Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface.

Location: Alveoli, walls of capillaries, lining blood & lymph vessels, covering membranes that line body cavities.

Simple cuboidal

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: Covers ovaries, lines most kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas and liver.

http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us

Simple columnarFunction: secretion,

absorption, & protection

Location: Ciliated – in uterine tubes; non-ciliated – uterus and most organs of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines; have goblet cells.

Pseudostratified

columnarPseudostratified means that these cells appear stratified or layered but they are not.

Function: protection, secretion, movement of mucus

Location: Commonly have cilia and goblet cells (cells that secrete mucus); found in passages of therespiratory system, where particles are trapped in mucus and cilia sweep them up and out!

Stratified squamous

http://www.spjc.edu

Function: protection

Location: Keratinized forms the skin;non-keratinized lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal.

Keratin is a protein that accumulates on certain types of tissue as they age. It causes the tissue to become hard and more waterproof than they originally were.

Simple cuboidal

Stratified cuboidal

Function: protection

Location: in larger ducts of mammary glands, sweat gland salivary glands, and pancreas.

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified Columnar

http://www.ouhsc.edu

Function: protection, secretion

Location: Found in the male urethra and vasdeferens, and in parts of the pharynx.

http://uebanatomy.net

http://microanatomy.net

Transitional

Function: distensability (able to be stretched), protection

Location: Forms the inner liningof the urinary bladder, and lines the ureters and part of the urethra.

GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

Function: secretion

Location: Salivary glands, sweat glands, endocrine glands.

2 types of glands

endocrine – secrete into tissue

fluid or blood

exocrine – secrete products that open onto surfaces

LET’S REVIEW

1. What is the purpose of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

2. Simple means:

3. Stratified means:

4. Squamous is shaped . . .

5. Cuboidal is shaped . . . .

6. Columnar is shaped

7. Pseudostratified means

Then Epithelial tissue review: Epithelial Tissue: Crash Course

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

Simple Squamous Epithelium

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?

Nervous tissue

OPENING ASSIGNMENT

1. What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?

2. Describe a simple cuboidal epithelium tissue.

3. Where do you find simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Epithelial Tissues Laboratory

Please examine the following epithelial tissues and be able to name each tissue by group and complete name, as well as identify the special features, state a typical location, and give a general function for each tissue. DRAW what you see in the microscope!!

1. Stratified squamous2. Pseudostratified Columnar with No Cilia3. Simple Columnar4. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar5. Transitional

AGENDA FOR 2ND HOUR

Work on connective tissue worksheet – due at the beginning of class on Monday.

OPENING ASSIGNMENT LABEL THE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A. B.C.

D.

E. F. G.

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Reminder of your Learning Goals for this section: List the types of Connective tissues, the general cellular components, and the function of each type. (5.3)

HOW ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES RELATED TO EPITHELIAL TISSUE?

Remember that Epithelial Tissue lacks blood vessels so the living tissue relies on the basement membrane underneath and the connective tissue below it to get the nutrients it needs.

HOW ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES DIFFERENT THAN EPITHELIAL TISSUE?

Connective tissues function to bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, and produce blood cells. (on 1st worksheet)

They have a good blood supply, cells are farther apart, with lots of extracellular matrix between them, and some are rigid (bone and cartilage)

• Binds the cells and organs of the body together – All connective tissues

consist of two basic components: cells and extracellular tissue fibers

• Two types of connective tissue are: – Connective tissue proper

- loose, adipose, and dense

– Specialized connective tissue – cartilage, bone, and blood

Connective Tissue

• Fibroblasts – produce fibers

• Macrophages – WBC’s that carry on phagocytosis (eating cellular debris)

Cell Types

• Mast cells – secrete heparin and histamine. Play a big role in treating inflammation.

Cell Types

• Collagenous –contain protein collagen; provide good tensile strength (resist pulling force)

• Elastic – contain protein elastin; stretch easily

Tissue Fibers

• Reticular – very thin collagenous fibers; lend delicate support

Tissue Fibers

lymph node tissue

CATEGORIES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Connective Tissue proper: loose, adipose, and dense

Specialized connective tissue: cartilage, blood, and bone,

Loose connective tissueFunction: Binds organs together, holds tissue fluidsLocation: beneath skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues

Connective Tissue Proper

Adipose tissueFunction: protects, insulates, stores fatsLocation: beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on surface of heart

Connective Tissue Proper

Dense connective tissueFunction: Binds organs togetherLocation: tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin

Connective Tissue Proper

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

Specialized Connective Tissue

Specialized connective tissues function to help maintain homeostasis in the body.

3 Types of Specialized Connective tissue: • Cartilage• Bone• Blood

Cartilage - consists of 3 types; hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

• Consists of specialized cells (chondrocytes) embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other extracellular material

Hyaline Cartilage connective tissueFunction: Supports, protects, provides frameworkLocation: Nose, ends of bones, rings in the walls of respiratory passages.

• Cartilage

Specialized Connective Tissue

Elastic Cartilage connective tissueFunction: Supports, protects, provides flexible frameworkLocation: Framework of external ear and part of larynx.

Specialized Connective Tissue

Fibrocartilage connective tissueFunction: Supports, protects, absorbs shockLocation: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle, and knee.

Specialized Connective Tissue

Bone tissue - Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix

Function: Supports, protects, provides frameworkLocation: Bones of skeleton

• Two types of bone tissue exist: spongy and compact

Specialized Connective Tissue

Blood tissue - Contains blood cells, platelets, plasma

Function: Transports substances, helps maintain stable environment

Location: Throughout body within the closed system of heart and blood vessels.

Specialized Connective Tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Let’s practice identifying them . . .

A. B. C,

D. E. F.

CRASH COURSE – CONNECTIVE TISSUE

DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE 3 TYPES OF CELLS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUES

MACROPHAGES:

FIBROBLASTS:

MAST CELLS:

Opening Assignment

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Let’s practice identifying them . . .

A. B. C,

D. E. F.

TODAY’S AGENDA

Complete the last tissue chart worksheet on muscle tissues, nervous tissue and membranes in the human body. All 3 tissue chart worksheets will be due on Chapter 5 test day, next Friday.

OPENING ASSIGNMENTCOPY THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

1. What are the three types of muscle tissue?

2. What is the function of muscle tissue?

3. Nervous tissue is made of what two types of cells?

4. What is the main function of nervous tissue?

REMINDER OF CHAPTER 5 SECTIONS 5.4, 5.5, AND 5.6LEARNING GOALS

Students will be able to

1. Differentiate between the three types of Muscle tissues (5.4)

2. Describe the structure and function of nervous tissue. (5.5)

3. Describe the four types of membranes (5.6)

5.4 MUSCLE TISSUES

The main function of muscle tissue is to be able to contract in response to specific stimuli. When muscle fibers contract they shorten, pulling on the attached ends. This process allows for MOVEMENT.

The human body has 3 different types of muscle tissue – skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

SKELETAL MUSCLE (STRIATED)

The cells of skeletal muscle tissue have alternating light and dark cross markings, called striations. Each cell has MANY nuclei.

Function: voluntary movements of skeletal parts like the head, trunk, and limbs. This contraction is stimulated by the nervous system impulse.

Location: Muscles that are attached to bones.

SMOOTH MUSCLE (NOT STRIATED)

The cells of smooth muscles are shorter and spindle shaped with a single nuclei in each cell.

Function: Involuntary movements of internal organs.

Location: Walls of hollow organs Muscles that are attached to bones.

CARDIAC MUSCLE (STRIATED)

Cardiac tissue is ONLY found in the heart. It’s cells are striated and branched with a single nuclei in each cell and connected to other cells using an intercalated disc.

Function: heart movements

Location: heart muscle

5.5 NERVOUS TISSUE

The nervous system tissue is composed of two basic types of cells; neurons and neuroglial cells.

Function: sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses (information)

Location: brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS Neurons: sense certain types of changes in their surroundings and transmit impulses to other neurons or to muscles or glands for a response.

Neuroglial cells: support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.

5.6 TYPES OF MEMBRANES Remember that two or more types of tissues grouped together and performing a specialized function create an organ.

3 Types of Epithelial membranes – composed of the epithelial tissue and it’s underlying connective tissue are Serous, Mucous, and Cutaneous.

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: SEROUS Serous: consists of a layer of

simple squamous epithelium and a layer of loose connective tissue.

Function: secrete a watery serous fluid that lubricates membrane surfaces.

Location: Line body cavities that lack an opening to the outside.

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: MUCOUS

Mucous: consists of different types of epithelial tissue that contain Goblet cells (secrete mucus) with loose connective tissue below.

Function: secrete mucus to lubricate movement of substances.

Location: Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside.

EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: CUTANEOUS

Cutaneous: consists of loose connective and adipose tissue

Function: insulates, and contains major blood vessels to supply the skin and underlying adipose tissue

Location: beneath the dermal layer of the skin

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

Synovial: consists of different types of connective tissues.

Function: secrete synovial fluid to lubricate joints.

Location: Line joints.

PRACTICE #1

What type of tissue is this?

PRACTICE #2

What type of tissue is this?

PRACTICE #3

What type of tissue is this?

PRACTICE #4

What type of tissue is this?

ANSWERS

1. Nervous tissue

2. Skeletal Muscle

3. Smooth Muscle

4. Cardiac Muscle