an overview of tourism circuits” a case study of jammu region.”
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Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
An overview of tourism circuits” A Case study of Jammu region.”
Shahnawaz Chowdhary*
Abstract
A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist destinations are
located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time they are not
separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist who enters at
the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The objective of
having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the circuit on
the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the circuit.
The aim of the study is to highlight the identification of tourism circuit of Jammu region and their
potential and carrying capacity, Ministry of tourism is in processes of identifying tourism circuits
across all the state .These circuits are proposed to be developed during the 12th
plan (2012-2017), in an
integrated manner with Central Financial Assistance and appropriate involvement of State
Governments and private sector. For Phase I, the process has been completed with the selection of
existing/new tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been
structured considering the length, duration and connectivity. For Phase II, similar exercise has
undertaken and identification of the basic tourism related infrastructure and promotional needs of the
identified circuits, along with the tentative cost estimates. State Jammu and Kashmir is divided into
three different circuits which are listed below.
Circuit 1:- Yousmarg – Aharbal – Amalgam – Verinag – Kokernag – Kishtwar – Bhaderwah.
Circuit 2:- Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud
Mahadev – Patnitop.
Circuit 3:- Nyoma – Tangtse – Leh – Basgo – Hundar(Nubra)- Turtuk (Nubra) – Mangue –
Temigang – Khaltsi.
Key Words: - Circuit tourism, typified, carrying capacity
*Research Scholar, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Services School of Tourism and Hospitality Services Management IGNOU, New Delhi
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Introduction
The concept of tourism circuits was clearly outlined by Cullinan et al. (1977) in “Central America
Panama Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident
of a third country”.
Definition of a Circuit: A tourist Circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist
destinations are located such that none of these are in the same town, village or city. At the same time
they are not separated by a long distance. It should have well defined entry and exit points. A tourist
who enters at the entry point should get motivated to visit all the places identified on the circuit. The
objective of having a tourist circuit is to increase the total number of visits to all the destinations on the
circuit on the one hand and to provide to the tourist the attractions of all the destinations located on the
circuit.
Literature review:-
According to the (Cullinan et al in 1977) He outlined the concept in “Central America Panama
Circuit Tourism Study‟ as a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident of a third
country”.
According the (MoT, 2008). Tourist circuit is defined as a route on which at least three major tourist
destinations are located in different areas but within such distance that tourists can and would like to
cover them in a sequence.
According to the (Hotelmule.com, 2011). Tourism circuit involves visits to three are more than one
destination during a trip away from home.
Circuits can be developed either within a country (intra-border) or between two or more countries
(cross-border). Cross-border circuits could be based on various themes or on effective transport
connectivity (Sisodia, 2011). A few types of circuit development that can take place around a theme are
religious circuits, historical events circuits, tribal circuits, heritage circuits, art and crafts circuits,
wildlife tourism circuits etc.
Identification of tourist destinations and Circuits: - The destinations & circuits will be selected on
the basis of its tourism potential in consultation with the State Governments. The Destinations/ Circuits
to be taken up for development will be identified by the Ministry of Tourism at the beginning of each
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
year. A tourist circuit could be limited to a State or it could be a regional circuit covering more than a
State/UT. The identification of the project, the implementing agency, and the mode of channelization
of funds would be done in consultation with the State Govt. /UT Administration.
Aim and Objectives of the Study:-
a) To analyze the growth and pattern of circuit tourism around the state and at the national level (i.e.
Jammu & Kashmir, India).
b) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by Centre/State/Private sector.
c) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations
d) To explore the opportunities for Jammu & Kashmir to promote circuit tourism in cooperation
with the neighbouring state and countries like China and Pakistan.
e) To identify the constraints and challenges lying on the way to such initiatives.
f) Proposing strategies to ensure success in developing cross-border tourist circuits and
promoting circuit tourism.
Methodology of the Study:-
a) Secondary data has constructed the vital part of the paper. Data on the patterns and volume of
inter-state circuit tourism have been collected from different sources, i.e. articles, reports, books,
newspaper, internet documents etc. For the conceptual development of the paper, literature review
has constructed the necessary critical reasoning. Due to the non-empirical nature of the study,
collection of primary data of any sort has been kept out of consideration.
b) The conceptual framework of the study starts from the study about the phase –II tourist circuits in
Jammu region. The second part of the conceptual framework consists of analyse the potential and
carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations.
Approaches and Methodology used for identification of circuits:-
The detailed report of different approaches and methodology which is used during identification of
circuits is given as below in the form of diagrams.
Initial Screening of Tourist Circuits
Short Listing of Circuits
Secondary Research
Potential
Population
Connectivity
Discussion with Department of Tourism.
Representative of travel and Tourism
Industry and other stake holders.
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Geographical Location &Tourism in Jammu & Kashmir:-
Lying in the northern most part of the country, the state covers an area of 2, 22,236 sq km and is the
sixth largest state in terms of area. It is surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in its south as well as
neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan and China from west, north and east,
respectively. The state of Jammu and Kashmir comprises 22 districts, 82 Tehsils. According to
Census of India 2011, the state accommodates a population of 1.25 crore (12548926), registering a
population density of 124 persons per sq.km and sex ratio of 883.
Carrying Capacity Assessment
Identified Circuits along with Priority Circuits.
Detailed infrastructure Gap Assessment
Identification of prospective projects with Block cast estimation
FINAL REPORT
Parameters
Transportation road condition. Access to modes of
Transportation. Way side amenities. Management of Tourist
attraction.
Based on
Stake holder Consultation.
Reconnaissance Survey.
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
The tourism industry in the state plays vital role in the development of the regions of Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh. The state has been a place of religious activities and shrines having their own
religious values, which attract thousands of pilgrims every year. With the arrival of winter, the state
offers a multitude of options for winter sports activities.
Jammu as a tourist Circuits:-
Lakhanpur – Basoli – Surinsar – Mansar – Jammu – Katra –Shivkhori – Shud Mahadev – Patnitop This
circuit covers a distance of approximately 444 kms with Lakhanpur as an entry/exit point. The circuit is
well connected by road (NH-1D) and can be covered in duration of five days. A brief description of the
tourist circuit has been given below.
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Lakhanpur: - Lakhanpur is popularly known as the gateway to the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir. The town is located in Kathua district and is about 90 kms south-east of Jammu. There are
many places of much historical importance in and around Lakhanpur which includes Bani & Basholi.
There are also many interesting tourist spots in the region.
Basoli: - Located 147 kms south-east of Jammu, Basoli is a tourist destination with natural scenic
beauty which is famous for its unique Pahari art. It represents the cultural heritage and traditional
legacy of the region.
Surinsar: - Surinsar is known for its natural beauty of the crystal water lake, bound on all sides by the
rising hills thick in forest cover. It is situated at a distance of 42 kms from Jammu and is well
connected by road.
Mansar:- Mansar is situated 62 kms away from Jammu and is well known for its natural beauty
fringed by forest-covered hills. Apart from being a picnic spot, Mansar Lake has significant religious
importance. Jammu: -Renowned as city of temples with attractive surroundings, Jammu is a
destination located at the foot hills of Himalayas and is the winter capital of the state. The city is
known for its ancient temples, imposing palaces and historically renowned places.
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Katra:- Katra is a small town located 48 kms north of Jammu, at a height of approximately 750
meters. It is the gateway to the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi.
Shivkhori:- Shivkhori is located in Ransoo village which is about 140 kms from Jammu. It is a Hindu
cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva, where devotees flock in large number during peak season.
Shud Mahadev:- Shud Mahadev is situated about 120 kms from Jammu. It is believed to be 2800
years old. The temple of Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam, the Trident (Trishul) of
Lord Shiva and mace believed to be that of Bheema, one of the five legendary Pandava brothers.
Patnitop:- Patnitop located about 110 kms north-east of Jammu, is mainly famous for its many
adventure spots. There are options available for skiing, paragliding, golfing and trekking in Patnitop.
The water springs in the region are also a major tourist attraction.
Description of destinations in Jammu Circuit:-
City Tourist destination Description
Lakhanpur Bani This place serves as a base camp for the trekkers.
Basholi Beautiful town founded by Raja Bhupat Paul.
Basoli Dhar Mahanpur A new emerging tourist resort.
Surinsar Surinsar lake A beautiful lake with boating facilities.
Mansar Mansar lake
Jammu
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi
temple.
City’s mythological association with Mata Rani.
Bahu fort Fort was built by Raja Bahulochan; it’s a religious
place.
Amar Mahal, Amar palace built by a French architect and is built in
red sand stone.
Gadhadharji Temple The Gadhadharji Temple is one of the revered shrines
constructed during the reigns of Maharaja Gulab
Singh.
Dogra Art museum The very renowned Dogra Art Museum situated in the
Pink Hall of Jammu’s Mubarak Mandi complex.
Mubarak Mandi Palace This palace was the royal residence of the Maharaja of
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
complex Jammu and Kashmir from the Dogra Dynasty.
Baba Dhansar Temple A huge spring is emerging from the rocks which form
a number of small cascading waterfalls.
Jhajjar Kotli The crystal clear, cool waters of Jhajjar attract
picnickers in large number especially during summers.
Katra Katra It is a Small town and gateway to Vaishno Mata
Mandir.
Shivkhori Shivkhori A famous Hindu cave shrine devoted to lord Shiva.
Shud
Mahadev
Shud Mahadev Sudh Mahadev houses a natural black marble Lingam,
the Trident (Trishul) of Lord Shiva.
Patni Top Sanasar Paragliding, Camping, Trekking, Abseiling, Rock
Climbing etc.
Natha Top Nathatop is a Snow Coated Hills and is popular for
paragliding
Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism
Carrying Capacity Assessment:-
The analysis of carrying capacities and infrastructure gap assessment is presented in the Chart below
Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis of Jammu Circuit.
Tourist town Destination Covered Existing
Load
Carrying
Capacity
Available
Carrying
Capacity
Existing
Load
Carrying
Capacity
Available
Carrying
Capacity
2011 2021
Lakhanpur Bani 8462 8880 418 8866 8880 14
Basholi
Basoli Dhar Mahanpur 14535 16965 2430 16038 16965 927
Jammu Shri Mata Vashino
Devi
Temple
80383
9
128617
7
482337 100423
8
128617
7
281939
Bahu fort
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Amar Mahal
Gadhadharji Temple
Dogra Art Mesuem
Mubarak Mandi Palace
complex
Baba Dhansar
Temple
Jhajjar Kotli
Katra Katra 16807 9990 -6817 19153 9990 -9163
Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism
As evident from the table above, Kathua shows the highest tourist Carrying Capacity. This can be
attributed to the fact that it has many religious spots and has a very good tourist infrastructure. Katra
on the other hand shows a deficit in carrying capacity owing to its insufficient infrastructure. In all, all
the destinations in the circuit will have to keep up with growth in the tourist inflow.
Existing Infrastructure Gaps:-
Lakhanpur Basoli Jammu Katra
Exixting Load-2011 8462 14535 803839 16807
Carrying Capacity-2011 8880 16965 1286177 9990
Available Capacity-2011 418 2430 482337 -6817
Exixting Load-2021 8866 16038 1004238 19153
Carrying Capacity-2021 8880 16965 1286177 9990
Available Capacity-2021 14 927 2881939 -9163
-5000000
500000100000015000002000000250000030000003500000
Tou
rist
Car
ryin
g C
apac
ity
in
Lakh
s
Town wise Carrying Capacity of Circuit-2
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Lakhanpur
Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination.
Parking needed at destinations in near future.
Better Solid Waste Management needed.
Basohli
Up gradation of approach road needed.
Basohli art needs to be promoted better.
Necessary accommodation and basic utilities at destination.
Better tourist infrastructure and products needed to promote it as a popular tourist destination.
Surinsar
The lake needs revitalization.
Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment.
Lakefront can be better developed.
Mansar
Parking is needed.
The lake needs revitalization.
Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment.
Lakefront can be better developed.
Jammu
Upgradation of temples needed.
Directional and Information Signages need to be provided.
Better tourist products needed to cater to the existing flow and enhance their stay.
Katra
Overall management efforts needed.
Solid waste management is a concern.
Better accommodation facilities needed.
Better organised camel safaris needed.
Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists.
Shivkhori
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Approach road.
Better accommodation facilities needed at Ransoo.
Overall management efforts needed.
Solid waste management is a concern.
Better quality Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourists.
Sudhamahadev
Better Accommodation needs to be provided.
Better arrangements need to be put in place for the Sudhamahadev Mela.
Restaurants and Eateries needed for tourist.
Patnitop
Further Upgradation and promotion of adventure and winter sports needed.
Solid Waste created by tourists is a concern for the eco-fragile environment.
Estimated Employment Generation:- The proposed investments at the tourist destinations and the circuits are expected to generate
employment the figures of which have been estimated on a district level because of the direct and indirect
nature of employment generation from these investments. To estimate the number of employment generated an
investment multiplier of 78 jobs per million investments is taken.
Place Investments Proposed (INR Cr) Estimated Employment
Generation (persons) Lakhanpur 19.2 14976
Basohli 45.93 35825
Surinsar 40.03 31223
Mansar 40 31200
Jammu 130.32 101650
Katra 65.2 50856
Shivkhori 21.3 16614
Sudhamahadev 39.9 31122
Patnitop 38.31 29882
Total Total 343348
Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Part –A (Destination wise break up of investment)
The above graph shows that Jammu receiving highest investment 130.32 and another hand Lakhanpur
is having lowest in share of investment.
Part –B (Destination wise break up of estimated employment generation in persons)
As evident from the table above, Jammu shows top in estimated employment generation in persons the total no
of expected employment beneficiary persons are 101650, those who get direct and indirect nature of
19.2
45.93 40.03 40
130.32
65.2
21.3
39.9 38.31
Investments Proposed (In Cr)
Investments Proposed (INR Cr)
14976
35825 31223 31200
101650
50856
16614
31122 29882
Estimated Employment Generation (persons)
Estimated Employment Generation (persons)
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
employment generation from these investments given in Part –A (Destination wise break up of
investment)
Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding
Project Identification, Block Cost Estimates, Implementation and Funding for Circuit 2
S.NO Project Indicative Cost
(In Cr.)
Implementing
Agency
Mode f funding Existing
Schemes
Lakhanpur
Information Centre 0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Drinking water 0.1 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Public Convenience 0.15 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Parking 30 cars 0.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Solid Waste
Management
0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Directional and
Information Signages
0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Cultural Centre with
performances,
amphitheatre
6 Lakhanpur -
Sarthal
Development
Authority
(LDA)
PPP PIDDC
Water and Adventure
Park
12 LSDA PPP PIDDC
S.NO Project Indicative Cost
(In Cr.)
Implementing Agency Mode funding Existing Schemes
Basohli
Museum and art
gallery for
Basohli painting
5 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Information
Centre
0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Drinking water 0.1 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Public
Convenience
0.15 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Parking 30 cars 0.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Solid Waste
Management
0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Directional and
Information
Signages
0.15 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
S.NO Project Indicative Cost
(in Cr.)
Implementing
Agency
Mode funding Existing Schemes
Mansar
Lake
Revitalization
10 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Edge treatment
with walkways,
street lights and
shaded resting
places with SWM
5 SMDA Public PIDDC
Boating and allied
adventure sports
3.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Site Up gradation
and Beautification
3 SMDA Public PIDDC
Camping and
Picnic spots
1 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Houseboats(4 nos) 4.83 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Solid Waste
Management
0.1 SMDA Public PIDDC
Directional and
Information
Signages
0.1 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Floating
barricades to
protect migratory
birds
0.75 SMDA Public PIDDC
Star category Huts
(10 nos)
8.85 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Budget
accommodation
(10 rooms, 2
dormitories)
2.90 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Lake
Revitalization
10 SMDA PPP PIDDC
Edge treatment
with walkways,
street lights and
shaded resting
places with SWM
5 SMDA Public PIDDC
Boating and allied
adventure sports
3.5 Tourism Deptt. PPP PIDDC
Site Up gradation
and Beautification
3 SMDA Public PIDDC
S.NO Project Indicative Cost
(in Cr.)
Implementing
Agency
Mode funding Existing Schemes
Eduved International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research
Volume: 1 I Issue: 1 I April 2014 ISSN: 2348-6775
Jammu star Hotel (50
rooms)
52.34 Jammu
Development
Authority (JDA)
PPP PIDDC
Budget
accommodation
(50 rooms, 10
dormitories)
12.5 JDA PPP PIDDC
Tawi Riverfront
Development
20 JDA PPP PIDDC
Directional and
Information
Signages
0.75 Tourism Deptt. Public PIDDC
Water and
Adventure Park
20 JDA PPP PIDDC
Source: - Jammu and Kashmir Tourism
Conclusion
Tourism promotion can be compared to selling dreams. To sell dreams to tourists, they must be
beautiful and believable. In promoting circuit tourism in Jammu region, the challenge to face is to
ensure that all the destinations spread across the region are equally successful in the three key
destination services characteristics: quality, consistency, and integrity. To ensure that these
characteristics are maintained, an intense and continuous cooperation and effort are needed among
the sub-destinations at the regional levels. The opportunities to promote circuit tourism in Jammu
region are quite evident. What is lacking, however, is consistent commitment, in terms of action on
the ground, to transform the need and will into solid action.
Given the premise above, it is the responsibility of both the public and private sectors to come
forward in developing Regional Tourism Promotion for Jammu tourism industry to move few steps
forward thus contributing significantly to the state economy, reduction of unemployment and
bringing manifold good to the society.
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