american politics chapter 6. first to rule a nation based on the people’s will washington’s new...
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American PoliticsCHAPTER 6
First to rule a nation based on the people’s will
WASHINGTON’S NEW GOVERNMENT
Judiciary Act of 1789Supreme CourtChief Justice5 Associate Justices3 Federal Circuit Courts13 Federal District CourtsState Court Decisions could be appealed to Federal CourtSupreme Law of the Land
ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM
Department of State (foreign affairs) – Thomas JeffersonDepartment of War (military matters) – Henry KnoxDepartment of Treasury (manage finances) – Alexander
Hamilton
WASHINGTON’S CABINET
Sec. of TreasuryWanted Government to take over state debtsProposed the establishment of a National BankWanted a nation of large cities with factoriesPowerful central governmentFederalist
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
Sec. of StateAgainst Hamilton’s planWanted a nation of small farmers and a rural societyWanted the power of the government in the hands of the
peopleStarted the Jeffersonian Republicans or the Democratic-
Republicans
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Belief of JeffersonGovernment could not do anything unless stated in the
constitutionConstitution did not create a National BankCongress could not create one
STRICT CONSTRUCTION
Belief of HamiltonGovernment could do anything the Constitution did not forbidConstitution did not forbid creating a National BankCongress could create one
LOOSE CONSTRUCTION
1st serious test of government’s ability to enforce laws1794 – western PennsylvaniaUprising against the tax on corn liquorMilitia – Led by Gen. “Light Horse” Harry Lee – stopped the
rebellionGovernment proved it would enforce laws
WHISKEY REBELLION
Jefferson wanted to support FrenchHamilton wanted to support British
INVOLVEMENT IN FRENCH REVOLUTION
U.S. would not take sidesWashington warned against U.S. involvementHe made it illegal for Americans to joins the forces of foreign
countries
PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY
Policy practiced by the BritishBritish navy would capture American sailors and force them
to serve in the British navy
IMPRESSMENT
Signed Nov. 1794 by U.S. Chief Justice John JayBritain agreed to remove troops from NW Territory by June
1796
JAY’S TREATY
Warns the nation of 2 things1. avoid foreign conflicts2. formation of political parties
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS
Federalist – John AdamsDemocratic-Republican – Thomas JeffersonAdams won 71-68
ELECTION OF 1796
President Adams sent 3 officials to Paris to negotiate with France
France was angry because of Jay’s TreatyCharles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John MarshallFrance demanded 250,000 bribe and 10 million loan to
negotiateFrance also threatened to organize revolts
XYZ AFFAIR
Undeclared war between U.S. and France in 1798-1789
QUASI WAR
Alien Act – president had right to imprison or deport citizens of other countries in the U.S.
Sedition Act – government could fine or imprison a person who wrote, published, or said anything of false nature against the government
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
Stated that they had the right to judge whether a law agreed with the constitution
Could declare it null and void
VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS
1800 – Richmond, VirginiaLed by Gabriel ProsserWanted to take over Richmond and win freedomRebellion failed
PROSSER’S REBELLION
Republican – Thomas JeffersonFederalist – Aaron BurrFederalists – John Adams Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral college with 73 votesHouse of Rep. chose Jefferson Led to 12th Amendment
ELECTION OF 1800
Both in 1804 gubernatorial race in New YorkBurr killed Hamilton in duel
BURR & HAMILTON DUEL
Established a national court system with three circuit courts and 13 district courts
Highest – Supreme CourtSupreme would settle differences between state and federal
laws
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789
Decreased the number of Supreme Court justices
Increased the number of federal judgesFederalist were trying to
1. decrease Jefferson’s opportunity to appoint judges2, increase Federalists power in district judges who served for life
Adams appointed the new judicial posts before leaving office
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801
Court case in 1803Marbury sued Madison (sec. of state)Marbury was to be the justice of peace for the District of
ColumbiaThe commission had not been deliveredMarbury wanted the court to order Madison to deliver the
commissionCourt ruled that part of the 1789 law was unconstitutional
MARBURY V. MADISON
Chief Justice – John MarshallEstablished the power of judicial reviewEnables federal courts to review state laws and court
decisions to determine if they are within the guidelines of the Constitution
MARBURY CONTINUED
1803 Jefferson wanted to purchase New Orleans from France for $10 million
Sent James Monroe and Robert LivingstonNapoleon would not sell New OrleansWanted to sell Louisiana for $15 millionAdded 90,000 sq. miles Nearly doubled the size of the U.S.
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
1804-1806 explored the Louisiana PurchaseSacajawea – Shosoni princess – guide
LEWIS & CLARK
1805-1806 Explored upper Mississippi Valley and Arkansas River
ZEBULON PIKE
June 1807Captured by the British warship LeopardCongress passed an embargo on Britain
U.S.S CHESAPEAKE INCIDENT
Attempt to force Britain and France to recognize the neutral shipping rights of American merchants
Very unpopular with New EnglandersStarted smuggling goods Jefferson was not liked
EMBARGO ACT OF 1807
Elected President in 1809
JAMES MADISON
Led by Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa
Organized a confederacy of tribes in the Mississippi ValleyOpposed white settlement
TECUMSEH’S CONFEDERACY
Shawnees led by Teskwatawa U.S. led by Gen. William Henry HarrisonU.S. broke the Tecumseh Confederation
BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE
Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
Wanted war with the BritishWanted to force them out of North AmericaStop Native American attacks in the West
WAR HAWKS
Believed they encouraged Native American attacksPracticed of impressmentWar HawksRe-election
FACTORS THAT PRESSURED MADISON TO GO TO WAR WITH BRITAIN IN THE WAR OF 1812
Battle of Thames – Oct. 1813 – Gen. Harrison defeated the British and Native Americans
Battle of Horseshoe Bend – March 1814- Gen. Jackson defeated Creek Indians in Alabama
WAR OF 1812 (LAND)
June 1813 – Commander Perry defeated the British on Lake Erie
Gave the U.S. control of the lakeHelped to protect our northern boundary
NAVAL WAR
Aug. 24, 1814 – British attackedCapitol and White House burned
BURNING OF WASHINGTON D.C.
British attacked the Baltimore harborStar Spangled Banner flew over the fort during the attackFrancis Scott Key wrote the National Anthem while watching
the attackAmericans did force the British back
BATTLE OF FORT MCHENRY
Secret meeting of New England Federalist party membersMet in Hartford, ConnecticutDissatisfied with the war with New EnglandMA, CT, NH, VT, RI adopted a states rights positionCall for Constitutional amendments instead of succession
HARTFORD CONVENTION
Ended War of 1812Britain gave up all territory in NW
TREATY OF GHENT
Took place after the Treaty of GhentDec. 23, 1814Britain tried to take New OrleansGen. Jackson led the AmericansDefeated the BritishRestored patriotism Ended the war on a good note
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
James Monroe elected President
ELECTION OF 1816
U.S. economy experiences a depression
PANIC OF 1819
U.S. had a balance of slave states and free states (11 each)Missouri wanted to become a stateMissouri became a slave stateMaine became a free stateBanned slavery in Louisiana Purchase north of Arkansas (36,
30 line)
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
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