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AMERICANPATRIOT VIEW IN
FULLSCREENCLICK ABOVE
MARCH 31, 2010
POLICE OFFICERSHONORED
THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I
24 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS
AMERICANPATRIOT
THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I
4624 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS8
PAPPY BOYINGTONAND THE BLACK SHEEP
14
POLICEOFFICERSHONORED1012
THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY
QUOTE OF THE WEEK
15
AMERICA’S FUN FOODSCHINESE-AMERICAN
CUISINE
4 AMERICAN PATRIOT
THE DOUGHBOYSOF WORLD WAR I
AMERICAN PATRIOT 5
The hero of this story was Major General John
J. Pershing. In May 1917, Pershing, whom
Wilson had selected to command American
land forces abroad, received orders to proceed
with his staff to France to assess the situation.
Shortly after his arrival, Pershing cabled theWar
Department that it should send at least one
million men to France by the following May
and that war plans should be based on a force
ultimately amounting to millions more.
The official name of Pershing’s rapidly mobi-
lized army was the American Expeditionary
Force. But they were nicknamed the Dough-
boys. Before this, the colloquialism had applied
only to infantryman, but at some point between
April 1917 and November 1918 the word ex-
panded to include the whole American armed
forces. It was not meant to be derogatory, as
the troops embraced and accepted it. The ori-
gins of the term are fuzzy but the derivation is
thought come from either to the making and
eating of doughnuts or to an earlier term for
apprentices used in both the English and
American armies.
In any event, the U.S. Army was ready to
make an impact by mid-1918. By this time, the
American Expeditionary Forces had evolved
into amodern, combat-tested army. Many future
leaders, including George Patton and Douglas
MacArthur, were Doughboys. In the spring and
summer, a series of powerful German offensives
threatened to defeat the Allies. In the crisis,
Pershing placed the entire resources of the
American Expeditionary Forces at the disposal
of the Allied High Command. The Americans
played a key role in stopping the German ad-
vance on Paris near Château-Thierry, and in
leading a counterattack which proved to be
the turning point of the war. A couple of months
of intense fighting later, the Armistice was
signed. More than 1.2 million American sol-
diers had tasted battle.
Congress and the American public immedi-
ately turned their attention to bringing the
troops home. By the end of August 1919, the
last American division had embarked for
home, leaving only a small force in occupied
Germany. In September, Pershing and his staff
sailed for home, too, ending the venture but
proving that America was able to project its
power, militarily and otherwise, overseas.
For many reasons, the U.S. came late to World War I. When we declaredwar on Germany at the behest of President Woodrow, the country founditself without an effectivemodern fighting force capable of offensive action.Some 18 months later, two million Americans had been transported toEurope in a great feat of supply and training.
WATCH FILM CLIPS OF THEDOUGHBOYS ARRIVING IN EUROPE
6 AMERICAN PATRIOT
24 DRESSESFIRST LADIES GOWNS
PHOTOGRAPH: HUGH TALMAN, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
The gown appears in a new gallery just added
this month to the museum’s “First Ladies at
the Smithsonian” exhibition. This new gallery
includes 11 gowns worn by first ladies from
Mamie Eisenhower to Michelle Obama. Com-
bined with the original gallery, the First
Ladies exhibition now features a total of 24
dresses and more than 100 other objects.
These include portraits, White House china,
personal possessions and related objects.
For nearly a century, the First Ladies Collec-
tion has been one of the most popular attrac-
tions at the Smithsonian Institution. Among
the other gowns that can be seen are those
worn by Grace Coolidge, Jackie Kennedy,
Eleanor Roosevelt, and Helen Taft.
To bring the exhibit up to modern times, the
new gallery focuses sharply on the First Lady's
contribution to the presidency and American
society, to the public interest and media
coverage of the first ladies’ “debut” during
inaugurations, and includes contemporary
accounts of first impressions of each woman
and the role she might play in the White
House. Also included are watercolor sketches
of 14 gowns from the collection.
AMERICAN PATRIOT 7
CLICK HERE TO SEE AN ONLINEEXHIBIT OF THE GOWNS
The one-shoulder, white chiffon gown first ladyMichelle Obamawore to the
inaugural balls is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution's National
Museumof American History. In so doing, Mrs. Obama followed tradition by
donated the gown to the first ladies collection. Designed by James Wu of
New York, the beaded dress was a star attraction at 10 inaugural balls held
to celebrate President Barack Obama's swearing-in.
MICHELLE OBAMA AND JAMES WU INTHE NEW SMITHSONIAN GALLERY
PHOTOGRAPH: HUGH TALMAN, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
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8 AMERICAN PATRIOT
PAPPY BOYINGTONAND THE BLACK SHEEP
AMERICAN PATRIOT 9
Boyington was born in Coeur d’Alene ID in
1912. He graduated from high school in
Tacoma WA and from the University of Wash-
ington, where he graduated with a degree in
Aeronautical Engineering. After working for
Boeing, he entered the Marine Corps. A natural
flier, he was offered a posting with a fighter
group called the Flying Tigers. But when war
broke out between China and Japan in the late
1930s, he resigned his commission to fly
with the Chinese.
Upon America’s entry into World War II, he
returned to the Marines. As an experienced
fighter, he was thrown into the fray and even-
tually was asked to command a group of pilots
not yet ready to be assigned to a squadron —
The Black Sheep Squadron. Older than the
others, at 31, Pappy inspired the group and
it amassed a tremendous record of victories
against the Japanese. The squadron fought for
roughly three months, meeting the Japanese
over their territory, and destroying or damag-
ing more than 200 planes. The group produced
eight fighter aces with nearly 100 air-to-air
victories, sank several troop transports and
supply ships, destroyed many installations,
and generally caused turmoil. For their actions,
the original Black Sheep were awarded the
Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary
heroism in action.
In 1944, Boyington was shot down over the
Pacific and captured. He spent nearly two
years as a POW, the duration of the war. After
the war, he was greeted as a hero. Already in
the pipeline for a Medal of Honor, he received
his when the war ended. It was presented in
person by Harry Truman and read, in part:
“Consistently outnumbered throughout suc-
cessive hazardous flights over heavily defended
hostile territory, Major Boyington struck at
the enemy with daring and courageous per-
sistence, leading his squadron into combat
with devastating results to Japanese shipping,
shore installations and aerial forces.”
The Black Sheep Squadron continues to serve
to this day, having deployed to the Korean War,
Vietnam War, Somalia, and, most recently,
against Al Quaeda. Boyington died in 1998
and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
WATCH AN INTERVIEW WITH PAPPYBOYINGTON AND ACTOR ROBERT CONRAD,WHO PLAYED HIM IN A TV SERIES
Gregory Boyington was one of America’s most daring and famous aviators.
Known asPappy, because hewas older thanmost those in his command, his
greatest famewas leading the so-called Black Sheep Squadron of pilots to
a stirring string of victories against the Japanese forces duringWorldWar II.
10 AMERICAN PATRIOT
SanAntonio PoliceOfficer PedroGarciasaved the life of a critically woundedofficer and helped rescue another in ashootout in the city's South Side lastSeptember. For his quick thinking anddaring action, Garciawas recently hon-ored as Police Officer of the Year byParadeMagazine and the InternationalAssociation of Chiefs of Police.
Officer Garcia and his partner were called to
the scene after a suspect opened fire on three
officers trying to arrest him for domestic violence.
After providing cover so another officer could be
rescued, Garcia dodged gunfire to reach Officer
Brandy Roell, 30, wounded with a gunshot to
the back. Hemmed in by a locked fence with
spikes on top, Garcia called to another officer
to ram the gate with a patrol car. Then, exposed
to fire, Garcia carried Roell over his shoulder
to a waiting patrol car.
He and 12 other officers were recently honored
at the Association’s convention in Denver. The
Police Service Awards were established in 1966
to focus attention on the dedicated men and
women of our nation’s police force. They are given
for specific acts of valor, consistent service
above and beyond the call of duty, development
of innovative programs and significant service
to the community apart from police work.
POLICE OFFICERS HONORED
DETECTIVEJOHN HAMLETTPolice DepartmentGreenville SC
Detective Hamlett successfully negotiatedwith a bank robber threatening to kill twohostages and himself.
OFFICERSTEPHEN T. GRIESERPolice DepartmentDublin GA
Patrolman Grieser has greatly reduced caraccidents in Georgia with programs, initia-tives and arrests.
IN ADDITION TO GARCIA, HERE ARE THE HONORABLE MENTIONS:
AMERICAN PATRIOT 11
AGENT RICHARD BIRCH AND AGENT DAVID WEEKSPolice Department. West Palm Beach, FL
The agents worked nonstop for months to solve the murder of a family of fourslain on the Florida Turnpike by a drug-trafficking organization.
SPECIAL AGENT KEITH BISHOPDrug Enforcement Administration, Houston TX
BIshop led a DEA strike force against the international drug-smuggling cartel;30 suspects were indicated.
CPL. JEFFREY D. SHRINERPolice Department, New Castle, DE
Cpl. Shriner conducted a year-and-a-half search spanning four states and fourcountries to help a local woman reclaim her children who had been abducted.
TROOPER KURT JOHNSONVirginia State Police, Richmond VA
Trooper Johnson crawled through the crumpled rear passenger door of a burn-ing vehicle to save a small girl wedged under the dashboard.
OFFICER LARRY MARREROPolice Department, Miami Beach FL
Officer Marrero solved a 10 year old murder in a so-called cold case.
SPECIAL AGENT MARVIN F. BURGOSU.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC
His investigation saved taxpayers millions of dollars by revealing fraud amongcontractors in Afghanistan.
DETECTIVE KARLA F. HEINE AND DETECTIVE SGT. JUSTIN BARLOWPolice Department, Columbia, IL
The detectives built a case against a woman accused of attempting to drownher newborn child.
PATROL OFFICER JAMES SIMONE, Cleveland, OH, Division of Police (picture not available)
He is recognized for his brave rescue of a woman who fell through the ice on the Cuyahoga River.
AMERICA’S FUN FOODSCHINESE-AMERICAN CUISINE
12 AMERICAN PATRIOT
What many Americans do not know is just howfar back in history Chinese-American cuisinecan be traced. The hybrid cuisine can be tracedas early as the 1870's — predating the hotdogand hamburger by ten years, and the nationalboom of fast food chop suey restaurants tookplace a full three decades before McDonaldsstarted franchising.
When the Chinese first came to America, werecompelled by circumstances into kitchen work.As the Chinese spread out from west to east,the spread of Chop Suey — a derivation of“shap sui” or “odds and ends” — followed. Itwas the inventiveness of Chinese chefs, forcedto cook in their style but with American ingre-dients and for American tastes, that led to thecombination of bean sprouts, chicken gizzards,liver, beef tripe, dried fish, pork, chicken, onions,celery, bamboo shoots, and essentially what-ever else was available.
While chefs were cooking for the rail workers inthe Midwest, curious bohemians in New Yorkwere discovering the dish. Adventure-seekingpoets and writers would travel to lower Man-hattan to sample exotic Chinese dishes, andwrote enthusiastically about them. Before long,the East was peppered with Chop Suey houses.By the 1920's, Chop Suey was among the nation'smost popular dishes.
In the following decades, this simple dish wouldcede to the more diverse menu choices seentoday. The restaurant trade remains a bulwarkof economic opportunity for Chinese newcomers.On the whole, the cuisine known to Americans as“Chinese” has evolved to barely resemble tradi-tional Chinese cooking. Vegetables in particularare utilized quite differently; in the Chinese-American style, vegetables are essentially garnishrather than the central ingredient. Meat is mari-nated, spiced, and fried to maximize speed andcross-utilization in several dishes, unlike the slow-cook method of the Chinese. Some dishes arerelatively new. General Tso’s Chicken was inventedin the 1970s in New York. Egg Rolls are quiteold, but the American take is a recent creation.Egg Foo Young arose in the mid-20th centuryand then become extinct.
Culturally, Chinese-American cuisine has had amarked impact on American culture. The originsof the modern take out restaurant can be tracedto chop suey shacks as much as to burger stands.The industry streamlined cooking processesand pioneered home delivery. Many Americanstoday celebrate holidays with Chinese food.
BASIC PREPARATION FORCOOKING CHINESE
Like many immigrant groups, the Chinese faithfulness to their cuisine was key to
maintaining cultural identity in the NewWorld. The Chinese cooking tradition is one
of the world's oldest and most nuanced, its roots varied by province but consistent
in its adaption to the American taste. As with the songs, speech, dress and traditions,
cuisine too becomes meshed with the greater American culture.
AMERICAN PATRIOT 13
QUOTE OFTHE WEEK
“If ever a time should come, when vain andaspiring men shall possess the highest seatsin Government, our country will stand in needof experienced patriots to prevent its ruin.”
— SAMUEL ADAMSAMERICAN PATRIOT AND POLITICIAN, COUSIN OF PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS,WHO WAS A LEADER IN THE FIGHT AGAINST BRITISH COLONIAL RULE.
14 AMERICAN PATRIOT
THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY
AMERICAN PATRIOT 15
1968.President Lyndon Johnson shocks the country by announcingthat he will not seek reelection as a result of his unpopularityregarding the Vietnam War.
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