algal blooms. water pollutant types of water pollution-chemicals etc. water borne diseases...

Algal blooms

WATER POLLUTANT

• TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC.• WATER BORNE DISEASES• EUTROPHICATION• SEWAGE TREATMENT• OXYGEN SAG CURVE• BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION• SOLUTIONS

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Figure 12.3 Lake Chad 1973-2001

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Figure 12.5 Water BudgetATMOSPHERE

Contains 12,600 km3 of water

Evaporation

271 km3/dayAbout 1/4 of total globalprecipitation falls on land

Precipitation

989 km3/day

Most water flux occurs between theoceans and the atmosphere

888 km3/day

Precipitation

OCEANSContain 1,230,000,000 km3 of water

170 km3/dayMost of the rain that falls on land

evaporates back to the atmospherefrom land surfaces and plant leaves

(evapotranspiration).

LANDStreams, lakes, andgroundwater contain

4,124,200 km3of water

101 km3/day

Runoff andgroundwater

Disease organisms

• Typhoid-bacteria• Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba• Schistosomiasis worm• Polio-virus• Cholera-bacteria

WATER POLLUTION

• POLLUTANTS• DISEASE ORGANISMS• SEWAGE TREATMENT• OXYGEN SAG CURVE• EUTROPHICATION

BOD-BIOLOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

• EXPRESSED IN mgO2 per liter of H2O• Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up

organic chemical• Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of

295mgO2/l-influent• Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5mgO2/liter-effluent

SEWAGE TREATMENT

• PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS

• SECONDARY TREATMENT• a. activated sludge• b. trickling filter• c. oxidation ponds

eutrophication

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGqZsSuG7ao

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&NR=1&v=XUCTif22IwQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arPqPoFOQUM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qx6aj3U5Hp0

Algal blooms

Runoff from land

BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION

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DDT concentration: increaseof 10 million times

DDT in fish-eatingbirds 25 ppm

DDT in large fish2 ppm

DDT in small fish0.5 ppm

DDT in zooplankton0.04 ppm

DDT in water0.000003 ppm

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DDT in large fish2 ppm

DDT in small fish0.5 ppm

DDT in zooplankton0.04 ppm

DDT in water0.000003 ppm