alena vondráková - making thematic maps in arcgis with emphasis on user issues

Making thematic maps in ArcGIS Making thematic maps in ArcGIS

with emphasis on user issueswith emphasis on user issues

Making thematic maps in ArcGIS Making thematic maps in ArcGIS

with emphasis on user issueswith emphasis on user issues

Alena VONDRÁKOVÁ

alena.vondrakova@upol.cz

Second InDOG

Doctoral Conference

13–16 October 2013

Alena VONDRÁKOVÁ

alena.vondrakova@upol.cz

Second InDOG

Doctoral Conference

13–16 October 2013

ConceptConcept of Technological of Technologicaland Non-technological Aspectsand Non-technological Aspects

ConceptConcept of Technological of Technologicaland Non-technological Aspectsand Non-technological Aspects

Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects

• aspect of security• data aspect• geoinformatic aspect • mathematical aspect• mapping aspect • software aspect • standardization aspect• visualization aspect • production aspect

• aesthetic aspect• conceptual aspect• economic aspect• ethic aspect• geoinformatic aspect• historical aspect• legislative aspect• methodological aspect• organizational aspect• political aspect• psychological aspect• sociological aspect• visualization aspect• user aspect

Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects Non-Technological Aspects

User IssuesUser IssuesUser IssuesUser Issues

• combination of social, professional and user aspects

• complex process with many internal and external factors

How to make thematic maps

with emphasis on user issues?

Objective Research MethodsObjective Research MethodsObjective Research MethodsObjective Research Methods

• the influence of the psychological aspects on the perception of users can be assessed by the eye-tracking technology

• individual’s eye movements are measured

• there are monitored localization of eye-movement in any given time

Eye-tracking Technology Eye-tracking Technology SMI RED 250SMI RED 250

Eye-tracking Technology Eye-tracking Technology SMI RED 250SMI RED 250

Case studiesCase studiesCase studiesCase studies

• the full potential of evaluation methods, which include research

target groups, interviews with experts, direct observation, survey

and study of literature, was utilized

• there were used exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and

testing approaches

• each evaluation of non-technological aspect was addressed in

three basic levels – definition, realization and the description of

the case study and partition findings and recommendations

• the following example is only a sample case study

Case Study Case Study

Methods of Cartographic VisualizationMethods of Cartographic VisualizationCase Study Case Study

Methods of Cartographic VisualizationMethods of Cartographic Visualization

• lack of standardization or mandatory rules in cartography

• choice of method of cartographic visualization depends on the

opinion of the map author

• way of expressing the same information by different methods

of cartographic visualization leads to different user perception

• maps have to help their users to better understand geospatial

relationships, not to confuse the user

• users have to get the information as quickly as possible

and as accurately as possible

Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment

HeatMap

GazePlot

Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment

Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment

– AOI characteristics, fixations, saccades, mouseclicks...

Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment

– preliminary results

Case study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishmentCase study accomplishment

MapMap

compositioncompositionMapMap

compositioncomposition

UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors

UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors

ESRI color range Authors color range

UUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colorsUUser's ability to distinguish colorsser's ability to distinguish colors

• problems

• ability to distinguish red colors (ET experiment)

• NORMAL value is not AVERAGE value

CCustomization – ustomization – CColor olor BBlindnesslindnessCCustomization – ustomization – CColor olor BBlindnesslindness

VischeckColor BlindnessSimulator

Caitlin Dempsey (2011)

• …GIS is where, we are HOW

Colored IsolinesColored IsolinesTransport (Time) Accessibility of PragueTransport (Time) Accessibility of Prague

Colored IsolinesColored IsolinesTransport (Time) Accessibility of PragueTransport (Time) Accessibility of Prague

Producers evaluation Producers evaluation (on-line questionnaire)

Producers evaluation Producers evaluation (on-line questionnaire)

FindingsFindingsFindingsFindings

• users are the key determinants of any cartographic work• it is important to identify needs of the target users• user needs may differ with respect to their intellectual

and physical condition• maps for people with specific disabilities are frequently missing• adaptation of cartographic production to the target group of users

has a significant impact on technological treatment• view of users, creators and producers to the offer of cartographic

production for the demand users vary considerably• choice of methods of cartographic representation

and their applications can have a significant impact on the perception of presented phenomena

RecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendationsRecommendations

• it is needed to focus more on specific user needs

• it is necessary to test created cartographic works (before their

mass production) on user perception – it is appropriate to use

a combination of modern methods

• eye-tracking technology and standard approaches can be used

(questionnaires, interview and more)

• cartographic works should be adapted to the specific needs

of users in the best possible level

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONalena vondrakova@gmail.com

Palacký University, OlomoucCZECH REPUBLIC

Second InDOG

Doctoral Conference

13–16 October 2013

Second InDOG

Doctoral Conference

13–16 October 2013