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Agenda for Today’s Workshop
• 10:00 to 10:45: Introduction – Dr. Mo Najafi
• 10:45 to 11:15: Research and Testing –
Mr. Jwala Sharma
• 11:15 to 11:45: Cost Comparison –
Ms. Trupti Kulkarni
• 11:45 to 12:00: Lab Tour & Testing -
Mr. Jorge Forteza
• 12:00 to 12:30: Break for Buffet Lunch.
• 12:30 to 1:30: Details of Restrained
Joint PVC – Mr. Craig Fisher
Introduction to CUIRE
Trenchless Technology
Overview of HDD Method
Comparing Main Features of HDD
HDD Installation Process
Soil Investigations
Site Investigations
Case Studies
Conclusions
Center for Underground Infrastructure
Research & Education…
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
OVERVIEW …
Center for Underground
Infrastructure Research &
Education (CUIRE)
Center for Underground Infrastructure
Research & Education
Grouping of university, municipal, industrial,
business and governmental representatives
committed to the advancement of knowledge in
materials, methods and equipment used in
underground infrastructure.
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
THE CONSORTIUM …
Center for Underground
Infrastructure Research &
Education (CUIRE)
CUIRE Board Members
Northwest Pipe
TT Technologies
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
THE ENGINEERING PROCESS & YOUR INVESTMENT
Advanced Research
Applied Research
Applied Engineering
Advanced Engineering
What is out there ?
What can I do with it ?
What might it look like ?
How can I produce it ?
Center for Underground
Infrastructure Research &
Education (CUIRE)
Outreach Activities
• Inspector Schools
– New Construction
– HDD
– Pipe Renewal
– Pipeline Design &
Construction
www.uctonline.com
January 25-27, 2011 - Houston
CUIRE Facilities
Physical
Testing Lab
CUIRE Facilities
Computer
Lab and
Offices
CUIRE Equipment
CUIRE PIPE
INSPECTION
EQUIPMENT
CUIRE Equipment
Soil Resistivity
Imaging and
Software
Trenchless Technology Methods
Trenchless Methods
Construction Methods Renewal Methods
Utility Tunneling
Pipe Jacking
Horizontal Earth Boring
Cured-in-Place Pipe
Close-fit Pipe
Thermoformed Pipe
Sliplining
Modified Sliplining
In-line Replacement
Localized Repair
Lateral Renewal
Coatings & Linings
Manhole Renewal
Horizontal Auger Boring
HDD
Microtunneling
Pipe Ramming
Benefits of Trenchless Technology
Do not assume open-cut is less expensive than trenchless technology
Benefits of Trenchless Technology
Comparison of Cost Factors Between Open-Cut
& Trenchless Technology
Open-Cut Trenchless Technology
Depth Major Minor
Diameter Moderate Moderate
Soil Conditions Major Moderate to Minor
Obstructions Major Minor
Water Table Major Minor
Existing Utilities Major Major to Moderate
Damage To Pavement Major Minor
Reinstatement Major Minor
Traffic Major Minor
Safety Issues Major Minor
Productivity Major Minor
Environmental Issues Major Minor
Should You Go Trenchless?
Is the pipe 5 ft deep or more?
Is the pipe below water table?
Is soil unstable?
Is underground congested with other utilities?
Is it in urban area?
Are drive lengths more than 200 ft?
Is it under a roadway?
Can the pipe be renewed or spot repaired?
Is it in residential area?
If yes to 2 of above questions, consider trenchless technology!
Main Challenges for
Trenchless Technology Projects
• Locating Existing Underground Utilities
• Lack of Standard Guidelines & Specifications
• Lack of Proper Geotechnical Investigations
• Matching the Correct Method to the Project Conditions
Main Causes of Project
Problems
• Specification Interpretation
• Lack of Inspector & Operator
Experience and Proper Training
Originated from the oil fields in the 1970s and evolved by merging
technologies used in utilities and water well industries.
The first known river crossing using the HDD method took place in 1971.
Approximately 615 ft of 40 in. diameter steel pipe was installed across the
Pajaro River near Watsonville, California, for the Pacific Gas and Electric Co.
(DCCA 1994).
Titan Contractors (Martin Cherrington) introduced Horizontal Directional
Drilling, or HDD, in 1971.
The Mini-HDD was developed by Flow Industries in 1978.
Historical Background
Usually performed in two (or more) steps:
Drilling of pilot hole using a steerable drill head &
locator system
Backreaming to increase pilothole diameter &
pullback of product pipe
Product pipe sizes up to about 60 in.
Typically used for pressure pipelines and conduits
Characteristic of Horizontal Directional Drilling
Method Diameter
Range
(inches)
Maximum
Installation
(feet)
Pipe
Materials
Typical
Applications
Accuracy
( + or - )
Mini-HDD 4”-12” < 600’PE, PVC,
DIP
Pressure pipe
& cablesVaries
Midi-HDD 12”- 24” 600’ – 2,000’PE, Steel,
PVC, DIPPressure pipe Varies
Maxi-HDD < 60” >2,000’ PE, Steel Pressure pipe Varies
Source: John Hair & Associates
Source: John Hair & Associates
Source: John Hair & Associates
Source: John Hair & Associates
Source: John Hair & Associates
HDD Growth
12 Rigs in 1984
Over 2,000 Rigs in 1995
Today, Approximately 30,000 Rigs Worldwide
Soft to very soft clays, silt & organic deposits Yes
Medium to very stiff clays and silts Yes
Hard clays and highly weathered shale Yes
Very loose to loose sands (above water table) Yes
Medium to dense sands (below the water table) Yes
Medium to dense sands (above the water table) Yes
Gravels & cobbles less than 2-4 in. diameter Marginal
Soils with significant cobbles, boulders and obstructions
larger than 4-6 in. diameter
No
Weathered rocks, marls, chalks and firmly cemented soils Yes
Significantly weathered to unweathered rocks Marginal
Product Diameter Reamed Diameter
< 8’’ Diameter of product + 4’’
8’’ – 24’’ Diameter of product x 1.5
> 24’’ Diameter of product + 12’’
Reamer size
over the bell
American Augers
Barbco
Central Mine Equipment
Ditch Witch
Laney
Robbins
TT Technologies
Tulsa Rig Iron
Vermeer Manufacturing
Sewer10% Electric
11%
Water13%
Oil/Gas13%
Gas Distribution
18%
Telecommunications20%
Other15%
Sales
Underground Construction Magazine, 2003
No. of
rigs
currently
owned
Locating/
tracking
equipment
Drill
pipe
(ft)
Mud mixing
equipment
Revenues
from HDD
4 4 4,000 2 2,200,000
Persons
employed
Estimated no. of drill
rigs in the next year
Business
outlook
15 6 Optimistic
Cost of $5-$7/in./ft
0 2 4 6 8 10
Other
Soil Information
Existing Utilities
Ground Settlement
Off-Target
Locating Drill
Mud Pumps
Drilling Fluids
Drilling Fluids Migration
Stuck Pipe
Back Reaming
Product Pipe
Drill Rod
Ground conditions are variable
Not every method is suitable for every ground conditions
No site investigation can precisely predict actual ground
conditions & behavior
Evaluate Ground Conditions & Variability
Identify “Obstacles”
Determine Feasibility
Select Alignment to Minimize Risks
Decide on type and mix of drilling fluids.
Decide on type of drill bit or reamer.
Decide on volume of fluids.
To have a safe and productive drilling operation.
Cohesionless:
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Cohesive:
Clay
Organic Soil
Coarse-Grained Soil:
Gravel
Sand
Fine-Grained Soil:
Silt
Clay
Boulders: More Than 200 mm (8 in.)
Cobbles: Between 100 mm to 200 mm (4 to 8 in.)
Gravel: Between 2 mm to 100 mm (4 in.)
Sand: Between 0.1 to 2 mm
Silt: Between 0.005 to 0.1 mm
Clay: Less Than 0.005 mm
Make Use of Existing Data
Aerial Photos
Geology Maps & Reports
Soil Maps
Existing Boring Logs
Land Use Records
Site Visit
Potholes, Pits, Fluid Returns, Etc.
Potential Obstacles
Cobbles & Boulders
High Percentage of Gravel
Wood
Abandoned Structures (Metal, Concrete)
Unknown Fill Materials
Unanticipated Utilities
Overhead Utilities
Soil Contamination
Potential Obstacles
Mixed Face Conditions
Soil Over Rock
Layered Soil
Location Eastland, Texas
Date of Installation March 10, 2010
Contractor Darnell and Dickson Construction Inc.
HDD Subcontractor Collier Directional Drilling
Length of Installation 318 ft (96.92 m)
Nominal Diameter of the
Pipe6 in. (150 mm)
Dimension Ratio (DR) 18
Depth from Ground to
Center of the Pipe4 ft (1.22 m)
Crew Details
1 Superintendent,
3 Workers,
1 Backhoe Operator,
1 HDD Machine Operator,
1 Front-end Loader
Operator, 1 Truck Operator
Equipment
HDD Machine Model: Ditch
Witch JT 2720,
Backhoe,
Slurry Truck, and
Front-end Loader
Vacuum Excavator,
Location Clay County, Florida
Date of Installation 02-24-2010
Owner Clay County Utility Authority
Contractor Bore Hawg, Inc, Contact: Jason Riggs, President
Project Contact Steve Rencarge, Operations Coordinator,
Length of Pipe Installation 540 ft (165 m)
Nominal Diameter of the
Pipe4 in. (100 mm)
Dimension Ratio (DR) 18
Depth from Ground to the
Center of the Pipe5 ft. (1.52 m)
Crew Details
1 Superintendent,
3 Workers,
1 Backhoe Operator,
1 HDD Machine Operator
Truck Operator
EquipmentHDD Machine Model: Ditch
Witch JT 1720
Vacuum Excavator
Slurry Truck
Backhoe
Exit Pit
Entry
Pit
HDD Rig
Water Tank
Vacuum
Excavator
Proposed 4” PVC Water
Pipe
16 “ Corrugated Steel
Storm Sewer Pipe
Existing 2” Galvanized
Steel Water Pipe
HDD is one of the fastest growing trenchless construction
methods.
Installing new infrastructure using open cut construction, can
equate to high social costs.
For successful HDD installations, proper planning and site
investigations as well as operator and inspector training are
required.
The use of trenchless technologies in water and sewer
applications has been growing.
Mohammad Najafi, Ph.D., P.E.
CUIRE Director
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of Texas at Arlington
Box 19308
428 Nedderman Hall
Arlington, TX 76019-0308
Phone: 817-272-0507
Fax: 817-272-2630
Email: najafi@uta.edu
www.cuire.org
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