acid,bases and salt (science)

JAIN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

SCIENCE PROJECT ON ACID,BASES,SALT

WHAT ARE ACIDS?

AN ACID IS ANY COMPOUND THAT CAUSES THE NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS TO INCREASE WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER. H+

•WHY ARE HYDROGEN IONS POSITIVELY CHARGED? HINT WHAT HAPPENS TO THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS?

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

•HCL DISSOLVES IN WATER TO FORM POSITIVE H+ IONS AND NEGATIVE CL- IONS.

•HCL -----------------> H+ + CL-

ACIDS MAKE A SOLUTION TASTE SOUR.

LEMON JUICE IN ACIDICVINEGAR IN ACIDICACID ARE CORROSIVE ( WEAR AWAY OTHER MATERIALS )

NEVER TASTE OR TOUCH A CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF ACID

ACID /BASE INDICATORS

INDICATORS ARE SUBSTANCES THAT CHANGE COLOR IF AN ACID OR BASE IS ADDED TO THEM.

–1. CABBAGE JUICE - BLUE TO RED

–2. PHENOLPHTHALEIN - RED TO COLORLESS

–3. LITMUS - BLUE TO RED

ACIDS CAN MAKE A SOLUTION CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.

WHAT ARE BASES?

A BASE IS ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER.

OH-

•WHY ARE HYDROXIDE IONS NEGATIVELY CHARGED? HINT: ELECTRONS?

PROPERTIES OF BASES?

BASES ARE BITTER AND CAN MAKE A SOLUTION FEEL SLIPPERY.BASES CAN CHANGE THE COLOR OF CERTAIN INDICATORS.

LITMUS -FROM RED TO BLUE

CABBAGE JUICE - FROM BLUE TO GREEN

BASES CAN MAKE A SOLUTION CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.

NEVER TASTE OR TOUCH A CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF BASE

WHICH LIQUID IS AN ACID? WHICH LIQUID IS A BASE?

HOW DO ACIDS AND BASES NEUTRALIZE EACH OTHER?

Adding an acid increases H+ ions

Adding a base increases OH- ions

A solution is neutral if H+ ions = OH- ions

BEE VS. WASP STINGS

THE STINGER OF A BEE IS ACIDIC. APPLY A BASE LIKE BAKING SODA TO NEUTRALIZE THE ACID.

THE STINGER OF A WASP IS BASIC. APPLY AN ACID LIKE VINEGAR TO NEUTRALIZE THE BASE.

HOW IS THE STRENGTH OF AN ACID OR BASE SOLUTION MEASURED? THE PH SCALE

STONG ACID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SRONG BASE

7 IS NEUTRAL CAUTION : STRONG ACIDS AND BASES ARE CORROSIVE.

What are salts?

A salt is an ionic compound that forms from a positive ion from a base and a negative ion from an acid.

HCl + NaOH ----> H2O + NaCl (Acid) (Base) (Salt)

Presented by….., Ankush Khatri

Suyash Chopda

Gaurav Nanwani

Ashish Agrawal

Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.

Thank You

PRACTICE PROBLEM #251. How many milliliters of 1.25 M LiOH must be added to neutralize

34.7 mL of 0.389 M HNO3?

2. What mass of Sr(OH)2 will be required to neutralize 19.54 mL of 0.00850 M HBr solution?

3. How many mL of 0.998 M H2SO4 must be added to neutralize 47.9 mL of 1.233 M KOH?

4. What is the molar concentration of hydronium ion in a solution of pH 8.25?

5. What is the pH of a solution that has a molar concentration of hydronium ion of 9.15 x 10-5?

6. What is the pOH of a solution that has a molar concentration of hydronium ion of 8.55 x 10-10?

10.8 mL

0.0101 g

29.6 mL

5.623 x 10-9 M

pH = 4.0

pOH = 4.9

GROUP STUDY PROBLEM #25______1. How many milliliters of 0.75 M KOH must be added to neutralize

50.0 mL of 2.50 M HCl?

______2. What mass of Ca(OH)2 will be required to neutralize 100 mL of 0.170 M HCl solution?

______3. How many mL of 0.554 M H2SO4 must be added to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.9855 M NaOH?

______ 4. What is the molar concentration of hydronium ion in a solution of pH 2.45?

______ 5. What is the pH of a solution that has a molar concentration of hydronium ion of 3.75 x 10-9?

______ 6. What is the pOH of a solution that has a molar concentration of hydronium ion of 4.99 x 10-4?