accounting models for cloud computing a systematic mapping study

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Accounting Models for Cloud Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study

Francisco Airton (faps@cin.ufpe.br)Paulo Anselmo (pamsn@cin.ufpe.br)Vinicius Garcia (vcg@cin.ufpe.br)Rodrigo Assad (rea@cin.ufpe.br)Fernando Trinta (fernando.trinta@virtual.ufc.br)

Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) - Brazil

Federal University ofPernambuco

National Institute of Science and Technology for Software EngineeringRNP

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

$$ $ $

Taxonomy

Architectures

RulesTechnologiesSLA’s........

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Systematic Mapping Study

1

2

3

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Outline

• Questions• Answers• Analysis• Conclusion

3

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Questions

RQ1: Is there any taxonomy for concepts related to accounting process in cloud computing?

RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

RQ3: What are the existing pricing schemes for cloud/grid computing?

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

580 papers

98 papers

23 papers

4

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Outline

• Questions

• Answers• Analysis• Conclusion

5

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping ResultsRQ1 - Is there any taxonomy for concepts related to accounting process in cloud computing?

[Agundez, 2010]

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS

7

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Results Analysis Accounting Models Analysis

Flexible Accounting Model

A Model for Federated Clouds ABS THEMIS Cloud Supply

ChainPricing          

Metering          

Mediation          

Accounting          

Roaming          

Billing          

Charging          

Finantial Clearing          

Cloud Federation          

Just in Time Clouds          

User Interface          

Security Support          

SLA Support          

Variable Payment Models          

FeaturesModels

8

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

RQ3: What are the existing pricing schemes for cloud/grid computing?

Time-based QoS-based

Volume-based Service type

Usage-based Content-based

Flat-rate Progressive Co-design

Differentiation on time-of-day Competitor-Oriented (CO) Pricing 

Location-based Cost-based 

Paris-Metro pricing Supply and Demand based

Priority pricing Real-Time Pricing (RTP)

Edge pricing Derivative Follower Model

Responsive pricing Hybrid Pricing Model

Effective bandwidth pricing Auction based

Proportional fairness pricing English Auction

Cumulus pricing First-Price Sealed-Bid AuctionSession-oriented Vickrey

One-off charge per service Dutch AuctionDouble Auction

31 Pricing Schemes

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Mapping Results

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

10

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

1. Validity Period

2. Purpose

3. Parties

4. Restrictions

5. Penalties

6. Scope

7. Service-Level Objectives

8. Optional Services

9. Exclusions

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

11

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Outline

• Questions• Answers

•Analysis• Conclusion

15

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Results Analysis Research Type Classification

Validation Research

Evaluation Research

Solution Proposal

Philosophical Paper

Opinion Paper

Experience Paper

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Method

Process

Technique

Model

Framework

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Results Analysis Contribution Type Classification

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

RQ1 :“Taxonomy”RQ2: “Accounting Models”RQ3: “Pricing Schemes”RQ4: “SLA Composition”

Results Analysis Research Types X Research Questions

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Outline

• Questions• Answers• Analysis

• Conclusion

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Conclusions

Overview

Few Research on Industrial Environment

TaxonomyAccounting

ModelsPricing

SchemesSLA

Composition

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cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Future Work

• Develop a flexible accounting framework

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Done!!

Diff P

ricin

g Sch

emes

SLA

Sup

port

Formal Taxonomy

Security

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca 22

Thank You!!

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Accounting Models for Cloud Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study

Francisco Airton (faps@cin.ufpe.br)Paulo Anselmo (pamsn@cin.ufpe.br)Vinicius Garcia (vcg@cin.ufpe.br)Rodrigo Assad (rea@cin.ufpe.br)Fernando Trinta (fernando.trinta@virtual.ufc.br)

Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) - Brazil

Federal University ofPernambuco

National Institute of Science and Technology for Software EngineeringRNP

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Study Process

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Protocol Definition

Conduct Research

Screening

keywording

Extracting Data

Mapping Study ProcessResearch Questions 

[Peterson, 2007]

RQ1: Is there any taxonomy for concepts related to accounting process in cloud computing?

RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

RQ3: What are the existing pricing schemes for cloud/grid computing?

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Protocol Definition

Conduct Research

Screening

keywording

Extracting Data

SLA OR “Service Level Agreement” OR billing OR pricing OR payment OR accounting

AND

“Cloud computing” OR “Grid computing” OR “Infrastructure as a Service” OR “Platform as a Service”

OR “Software as a Service”

Search String

Mapping Study Process

580 Papers

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Protocol Definition

Conduct Research

Screening

keywording

Extracting Data

First Filter98 papers

Second Filter23 papers

Exclusion Criteria1. Papers that just

mentioned the studied research issue.

2. Studies only available as abstracts or presentations

3. Duplicate studies

Mapping Study Process

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Protocol Definition

Conduct Research

Screening

keywording

Extracting Data

Category Types

Accounting Model Features

Pricing, Metering, Mediation, Accounting, Roaming, Billing, Charging, Financial Clearing, Cloud Federation, Just in Time Clouds, User Interface, Security Support, SLA Support and Variable Payment Models;

Research type

Validation Research, Evaluation Research, Solution Proposal, Philosophical Papers, Opinion Papers, Experience Papers

Contribution Type Method, Process, Technique, Model 

and Framework

Mapping Study Process

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Protocol Definition

Conduct Research

Screening

keywording

Extracting Data

Mapping Study Process

Look for answers

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Threats to Validity

Research Questions

Publication Bias

Data Extraction

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Accounting Models

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS

Business

Billing

Accounting

Business

Billing

Accounting

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS

IPDR< data usage record >

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS

Resource 1 Resource 2 Resource 3

Provisioning

Security Billing

Clients

[ABS]

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results RQ2: What are the existing accounting models for cloud computing?

A Model for Federated Clouds

Cloud Supply Chain

Flexible Accounting Model

ABS

THEMIS Clients

Cloud Notary

Authority

Billing Transactions

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

10

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

1. Validity Period

2. Purpose

3. Parties

4. Restrictions

5. Penalties

6. Scope

7. Service-Level Objectives

8. Optional Services

9. Exclusions

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

11

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

<Cloud WB-name: name> <Class: GOLD>

<QoS> Reputation = 5 RTmin= 8ms //minimum value of response Cost? "$0.1" Min Availability= 90% </QoS> //[...]

</Class GOLD> //[...]</Cloud WB-name: name>

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

12

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

Parameters for IaaS

CPU Capacity Memory

Boot Time Storage

Scale Up /Down Response Time

Scale Up Time Scale Down Time

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

13

cin.ufpe.br/~faps/jitca

Mapping Results

Good

...

Tolerable Fail

0 se

c

50%

of

M

V R

T

MV

RT

...

Response Time:

RQ4: What are the aspects taken into account to compose a SLA in cloud/grid computing scenario?

SLA Components

SLA Language

SLA Satisfaction

Function

SLA Metrics X

Service Type

14