access to mass media and use of ict life satisfaction tobacco and alcohol use
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1
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Data Interpretation, Further Analysis and
Dissemination Workshop
Access to Mass Media and Use of ICTLife Satisfaction
Tobacco and Alcohol Use
2
Background
Added as a result of work on adolescents and young people
Limited experience (mainly MICS) Both in Women and Men questionnaires
3
Overview of MICS5 contents
Access to Mass Media and Use of Information & Communication Technologies
Exposure to mass media - 1 table for women and 1 table for men
Use of computers and internet- 1 table for women and 1 table for men
4
Background
Mass media Newspapers Radio Television
ICT Computers Internet
Exposure to influences outside the local community.
Can be used as a starting point for any mass media campaigns
Exposure to global influences, communication, learning opportunities
Even for the less educated
5
Table MT.1: Exposure to mass media (women)Percentage of women age 15-49 years who are exposed to specific mass media on a weekly basis, Country, Year
Percentage of women age 15-49 years who:
All three media at
least once a week1
Any media at
least once a week
None of the media
at least once a week
Number of
women age 15-49 years
Read a newspaper at least once a
week
Listen to the radio at
least once a week
Watch television at least once a
week
1 MICS indicator 10.1 - Exposure to mass media
MT.1M - Men
Percentages do not add to 100
Individual items All three
6
Table MT.1: Exposure to mass media: Percentage of women age 15-49 years who are exposed to specific mass media on a weekly basis, Serbia 2010
Percentage of women age 15-49 who:
All three media at
least once a week [1]
No media at least once a week
Number of women
age 15-49 years
Read a newspaper at least once a
week
Listen to the radio at least once a week
Watch television at least once a
weekAge 15-19 76.3 78.6 97.9 63.6 0.5 659
20-24 79.4 79.8 97.5 65.2 0.3 70525-29 75.4 73.6 97.3 58.2 0.9 84630-34 74.2 69.5 98.0 57.2 1.0 77535-39 76.1 73.0 98.3 58.9 0.7 79140-44 69.4 69.9 99.3 52.6 0.3 70345-49 71.9 65.3 99.0 49.8 0.0 905
Area Urban 79.8 70.7 98.1 60.4 0.6 3155Rural 67.2 74.9 98.3 53.6 0.5 2230
Education None (.0) (52.1) (96.6) (0.0) (0.0) 27Primary 44.2 63.7 97.5 34.4 1.9 704Secondary 76.2 72.3 99.0 58.4 0.3 3067Higher 86.2 76.9 97.0 67.3 0.4 1587
Wealth index quintiles
Poorest 44.6 66.2 97.0 35.2 1.9 751Second 71.2 77.2 99.2 57.9 0.2 1175Middle 79.2 71.1 98.5 60.2 0.1 1134Fourth 81.7 72.7 97.5 62.3 1.0 1172Richest 85.7 72.7 98.3 64.6 0.1 1153
Total 74.6 72.4 98.2 57.6 0.5 5385
Upper middle income country
with high level of education
7
Table MT.1: Exposure to mass media: Percentage of women age 15-49 years who are exposed to specific mass media on a weekly basis, Serbia 2010
Percentage of women age 15-49 who:
All three media at
least once a week [1]
No media at least once a week
Number of women
age 15-49 years
Read a newspaper at least once a
week
Listen to the radio at least once a week
Watch television at least once a
weekAge 15-19 76.3 78.6 97.9 63.6 0.5 659
20-24 79.4 79.8 97.5 65.2 0.3 70525-29 75.4 73.6 97.3 58.2 0.9 84630-34 74.2 69.5 98.0 57.2 1.0 77535-39 76.1 73.0 98.3 58.9 0.7 79140-44 69.4 69.9 99.3 52.6 0.3 70345-49 71.9 65.3 99.0 49.8 0.0 905
Area Urban 79.8 70.7 98.1 60.4 0.6 3155Rural 67.2 74.9 98.3 53.6 0.5 2230
Education None (0.0) (52.1) (96.6) (0.0) (0.0) 27Primary 44.2 63.7 97.5 34.4 1.9 704Secondary 76.2 72.3 99.0 58.4 0.3 3067Higher 86.2 76.9 97.0 67.3 0.4 1587
Wealth index quintiles
Poorest 44.6 66.2 97.0 35.2 1.9 751Second 71.2 77.2 99.2 57.9 0.2 1175Middle 79.2 71.1 98.5 60.2 0.1 1134Fourth 81.7 72.7 97.5 62.3 1.0 1172Richest 85.7 72.7 98.3 64.6 0.1 1153
Total 74.6 72.4 98.2 57.6 0.5 5385Similar radio and newspaper access, TV universal
Some age
differentials
Strong correlation with wealth – due to:(1) newspaper reading (2) radio
8
Further analysis/ Further work A first step for understanding access and exposure; more
detail possible May be followed up with more detailed data collection
on the nature of exposure to fine-tune media messages – frequency, timing, type
Follow-up is applicable in both cases: very high or low percentages
Data quality: check with TV ownership, literacy Supplement educational level with media May be used as a valuable independent variable for
analyzing outcomes
9
Overview of MICS5 contents
Access to Mass Media and Use of Information & Communication Technologies
Exposure to mass media - 1 table for women and 1 table for men
Use of computers and internet- 1 table for women and 1 table for men
10
Background
Mass media Newspapers Radio Television
ICT Computers Internet
Exposure to influences outside the local community.
Can be used as a starting point for any mass media campaigns
Exposure to global influences, communication, learning opportunities
Even for the less educated
11
Table MT.2: Use of computers and internet (women)Percentage of young women age 15-24 years who have ever used a computer and the internet, percentage who have used during the last 12 months, and percentage who have used at least once weekly during the last one month, Country, Year
Percentage of women age 15-24 years who have:
Number of
women age 15-24 years
Ever used a
computer
Used a computer during the
last 12 months1
Used a computer at least once a week during the last one
month
Ever used the
internet
Used the internet
during the last 12
months2
Used the internet at
least once a week during the last one
month
1 MICS indicator 10.2 - Use of computers2 MICS indicator 10.3 - Use of internet
MT.2M - Men
Ever use
Recent use
Frequency of use
Computer Internet
Internet use likely to be lower, but fairly close to computer useEver use should always be higher
12
Table MT.2: Use of computers and internet
Percentage of women age 15-24 who have:
Percentage of women age 15-24 who have:
Number of women
age 15-24 years
Ever used a compu
ter
Used a computer during the
last 12 months
Used a computer at least once a week during the last one
month
Ever used the
internet
Used the internet during the last
12 months
Used the internet at least once
a week during the
last one month
Age 15-19 95.9 94.0 86.5 89.0 86.9 79.0 65920-24 92.7 89.0 77.7 85.4 83.2 73.1 705
Area Urban 97.2 96.2 90.0 94.0 92.6 87.1 814Rural 89.9 84.3 70.0 77.0 73.7 59.4 549
Education None (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 6Primary 60.8 50.9 27.8 39.1 32.9 15.5 112Sec. 96.3 93.6 82.1 87.7 85.5 74.5 789Higher 100.0 98.7 96.1 99.0 97.9 94.2 457
Wealth index quintiles
Poorest 74.2 65.1 41.6 51.7 47.3 28.8 199Second 93.3 88.5 74.6 82.2 79.6 66.1 300Middle 98.7 97.6 89.7 94.0 90.7 82.8 272Fourth 98.8 98.8 94.2 97.0 96.8 91.0 281Richest 99.9 99.0 97.1 99.7 98.7 96.1 311
Total 94.2 91.4 82.0 87.1 85.0 76.0 1364
Sharp correlation with age and other background characteristics
13
Further work/Further analysis Check, analyze together with other media exposure May be followed up with collection of more detailed
data – social networks, type and nature of use Questionnaire allows more detailed assessment of
frequency (almost everyday, once a week, less) Further analyze, compare by gender Supplement educational level with other mass media
information May be used as a valuable independent variable for
analyzing outcomes
14
Overview of MICS5 contents
Life Satisfaction (Subjective Well-Being) Life satisfaction and happiness
- 2 tables for women and 2 tables for men
Perception of a better life - 1 table for women and 1 table for men
15
Background: Subjective Well-Being Subjective perceptions of well-being play an important
role, autonomously from objective conditions, such as income, health
Can help create a fuller picture of well-being Life satisfaction: summation of evaluation regarding a
person’s life as a whole Happiness – a fleeting, transient condition that can be
affected by numerous current factors (weather, recent incident)
Life satisfaction and happiness are sometimes used interchangeably
16
Background: Subjective Well-Being
Perceptions of a better life is also an important correlate of both life satisfaction and happiness
All of these (life satisfaction, happiness and perceptions of a better life) complete a large portion of subjective well-being
Life satisfaction included in Human Development Report in 2010 Reports on a scale out of 10, on job, health,
standard of living, purposeful life, treatment with respect, social support network
17
Background: Subjective Well-Being
World Happiness Day, since 2012World Happiness Report, since 2013New OECD guidelines 2013 –
recommendation to all national statistical agencies: Include Life Satisfaction in annual household surveys.
18
Table SW.1: Domains of life satisfaction (women)Percentage of women age 15-24 years who are very or somewhat satisfied in selected domains of satisfaction, Country, Year
Percentage of women age 15-24 years who are very or somewhat satisfied in selected domains:
Family life Friendships HealthLiving
environmentTreatment by others
The way they look
SW.1M - Men
Individual items reported – very or somewhat satisfied
19
Table SW.1: Domains of life satisfaction (women)Percentage of women age 15-24 years who are very or somewhat satisfied in selected domains of satisfaction, Country, Year
Percentage of women age 15-24
years who:Numbe
r of women age 15-
24 years
Percentage of women age 15-24 years who
are very or somewhat satisfied with
school
Number of
women age 15-24 years
attending school
Percentage of women age 15-24
years who are very
or somewhat satisfied with their
job
Number of
women age 15-24 years
who have a
job
Percentage of women age 15-24
years who are very
or somewhat satisfied with their
income
Number of women age 15-24 years who
have an income
Are attendi
ng school
Have a job
Have an
income
Continued ……..
Very or somewhat satisfied
20
Table SW.2: Overall life satisfaction and happiness (women)
Percentage of women age 15-24 years who are very or somewhat satisfied with their life overall, the average overall life satisfaction score, and percentage of women age 15-24 years who are very or somewhat happy, Country, Year
Percentage of women with
overall life satisfaction1
Average life satisfaction
score
Percentage of women who are very or
somewhat happy 2
Number of women age 15-
24 years
1 MICS Indicator 11.1 - Life satisfaction 2 MICS indicator 11.2 - Happiness
Satisfied with life, overall: very satisfied or somewhat satisfied
Average of responses to overall life satisfaction. Lower scores indicate higher satisfaction levels.
SW.2M - Men
Very or somewhat happy
21
Table SW.3: Perception of a better life (women)Percentage of women age 15-24 years who think that their lives improved during the last one year and those who expect that their lives will get better after one year, Country, Year
Percentage of women who think that their lifeNumber of women age 15-24 years
Improved during the last one year
Will get better after one year Both1
1 MICS indicator 11.3 - Perception of a better life
SW.3M - Men
Hopelessness prevalent among youth in middle income countries
The relationship between perceptions of improvement during last year and hope for the next year
Women who think their life has been improving and will continue to improve
22
Country example
23
Further analysis
Correlate with measures of objective well-being: income, education, wealth
Identify groups and compare life satisfaction: Does vulnerability correlate with life satisfaction?
Correlate happiness and perceptions with tobacco and alcohol abuse
Use as dependent variables: Determinants of satisfaction, happiness, and hope
24
Further analysis
25
Overview of MICS5 contents
Use of tobacco and alcohol Tobacco (cigarette, tobacco)
- 1 table for women and 1 table for men Cigarette (only)
- 1 table for women and 1 table for men Alcohol
- 1 table for women and 1 table for men
26
Background: Use of tobacco and alcohol
Tobacco: known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, lung and other cancers
Alcohol abuse is a serious problem in many countries. Associated with: Increased risk of accidents, cirrhosis,
hypertension, psychological illnesses, and congenital malformations. Aggravates risk of family problems
27
Background: Use of tobacco and alcohol
Information collected: Ever and current use of cigarettes and the age at
which cigarette smoking first started Ever and current use of smoked and smokeless
tobacco products The intensity of use of cigarettes, and smoked and
smokeless tobacco products Ever and current use of alcohol, and intensity of
use
28
Background: Use of tobacco
Any intensity of tobacco use is considered a (potential) health problem (Indicator 12.1)
Intensity is directly correlated with poor health outcomes
Early initiation increases length of exposure
29
Table TA.1: Current and ever use of tobacco (women)Percentage of women age 15-49 years by pattern of use of tobacco, Country, Year
Never smoked
cigarettes or used other
tobacco products
Ever users
Users of tobacco products at any time during the last one
month Number of
women age 15-
49 years
Only cigarettes
Cigarettes and other
tobacco products
Only other
tobacco products
Any tobacco product
Only cigarettes
Cigarettes and other
tobacco products
Only other
tobacco products
Any tobacco product1
Under-5s in the same household
At least one None
1 MICS indicator 12.1 - Tobacco use
"Any tobacco product" refers to cigarettes, smoked tobacco products, and smokeless tobacco products.
TA.1M - Men
30
Table TA.2: Age at first use of cigarettes and frequency of use (women)Percentage of women age 15-49 years who smoked a whole cigarette before age 15, and percent distribution of current smokers by the number of cigarettes smoked in the last 24 hours, Country, Year
Percentage of women who
smoked a whole cigarette before
age 151
Number of
women age 15-49 years
Number of cigarettes in the last 24 hours
Number of women age 15-49 years who are
current cigarette smokers
Less than 5 5-9 10-19 20+ Total
1 MICS indicator 12.2 - Smoking before age 15
TA.2M - Men
31
Table TA.3: Use of alcohol (women)Percentage of women age 15-49 years who have never had an alcoholic drink, percentage who first had an alcoholic drink before age 15, and percentage of women who have had at least one alcoholic drink at any time during the last one month, Country, Year
Percentage of women who:
Number of women age 15-49 years
Never had an alcoholic drink
Had at least one alcoholic drink before
age 151
Had at least one alcoholic drink at any time during the
last one month2
1 MICS indicator 12.3 - Use of alcohol 2 MICS indicator 12.4 - Use of alcohol before age 15
TA.3M - Men
32
Country example
33
Further analysis
Joint analysis of tobacco and alcohol use Correlate with measures of life satisfaction,
happiness, perceptions of better life Comparisons of ever and current use of tobacco
use may be indicative of reversing trends Sex differentials by social/economic groups Children and mother’s smoking habits Any correlation of alcohol with domestic violence?
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