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Bulacan State University
City of Malolos, Bulacan
College of Engineering
Electronics and Communications Engineering Department
In partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the
subject ECE551/551D
A New Scheme of
Overloading DetectorFor Toll Ways
Barraquio,Michelle S.
Navea , Katrina Trisha T.Mananghaya, Michael John M.
Figueras, Mark Lester M.Lopido, Michael Benjamin Jessie
BSECE 5A
Engr. Jennette CentenoThesis Adviser
Oliver Mariano, MECE, PECESubject Professor
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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
With the increasing number of vehicles that ply the countrys roads, vehicle weigh-in-
motion (WIM) technology has become a key technology and trend of measuring traffic loads
and upholding the new Anti-Overloading Law. In this paper, a new implementation of the
existing weigh-in-motion sensors is discussed and applied in one of the countrys major roads.
Also, an alternative sensor, that using capacitive effects instead of piezoelectric ones is also
discussed. The combination of weigh-in-motion sensor and a new system consisting of closed
circuit cameras, LCD displays and alarm is developed to increase the reliability and
effectiveness of the weigh-in-motion sensors currently in use. All the theoretic analysis and
numerical results demonstrated that the combination of the existing weigh in motion system is
feasible, convenient for traffic inspection and accurate enough to uphold the Anti-Overloading
Law.
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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Thousands of vehicles ply the roads every day. These vehicles may be passenger, cargo
or utility vehicles. Due to the number and various kinds of vehicles in our roads, accidents do
happen. These accidents are of various causes. They may be due to over speeding, overloading,
slippery roads, poor visibility or sometimes, even human error. While most accidents are minor
ones, some are disastrous and has lead to loss of lives and property.
Because of this, a means of lessening the causes of these accidents must be devised.
Due to the causes being varied, then it must follow that there are also different ways to
minimize the causes of vehicle accidents. Among these causes, overloading is chosen to be the
subject of this research due to it being the most neglected one.
Overloading is the state of a vehicle in which it carries a load that exceeds the maximum limit
that the law or the vehicles manufacturers has allowed. Some people may ask, How can
overloading be a cause of accident? In itself, overloading does not pose a major problem that
could possibly cause an accident. But paired with over speeding, slippery road or any of the
aforementioned causes, overloading will greatly increase the damage caused by an accident
and may probably be a cause for unnecessary loss of lives. The explanation for this is simple,
according to Newtons Second Law of Motion; the force produced by an object in motion is
directly proportional to its mass and acceleration. Thus, the heavier the object is, in this case a
vehicle, the greater the force that it will exert. Aside from the increased force that an
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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
overloaded vehicle exerts, it is also much harder to control and stop, due to it having a greater
momentum. Aside from being the cause and aggravator of accidents, overloading also costs
the government additional money for road maintenance. Roads, even unused ones, deteriorate
due to natural causes like rain. The vehicles that use the road hasten its deterioration and
overloaded vehicles hasten the roads deterioration even more. Thus, overloading does not only
affect the motorists, it also affects the government. And due to the added maintenance cost of
roads, the money which could be spent for other things like health and education would be
used instead to renovate roads. The government must be
thinking along these lines when the
R.A. 8794, otherwise known as the Anti-Overloading Law was passed in the year 2000.
Among the major roads of the Philippines, the toll ways, especially the North Luzon
Expressway or NLEX, are the primary concern of this research. These roads are the primary
route for those motorists going to and from the National Capital Region. Aside from that, the
toll ways have a limited access of entry and exit with means that an overloaded vehicle may
not load or unload its cargo within the boundary of the toll way. As such, sensors and law
enforcers are not required to be present on the entire length of the road. They may be posted
only on the point of entry or exit of vehicles, the toll gates.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
There is a so called R.A. 8794 or the Anti-Overloading Law. To efficiently uphold this
law, a system or device to detect overloaded vehicles must be created and deployed in the
countrys roads, especially the major ones. But is there such a system in the country? And if
there is one, is it used to only to detect overloaded cargo vehicles such as trucks or even
passenger vehicles are included?
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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
1.3. General Objective
The objective of this research is pretty straightforward, that is to be able to device an
accurate and unbiased means of detecting overloaded vehicles, especially for major rods such
as the toll ways and main high ways.
1.4. Specific Objective
y To determine the effects of overloading.
y To determine if a system to detect overloaded vehicles is currently in use in the
country.
y To be able to create a device or system to detect overloaded vehicles. Both cargo
and passenger, in the countrys major roads.
1.5. Scope and Delimitation
This study concerns only the detection of overloaded vehicles as stated in the general
objective. The arrest and the resulting punishment due to the violation of the Anti-Overloading
Law are not covered. Also, the primary applications of this researchs results are geared for use
on the countrys main thoroughfares like toll ways and major high ways although smaller
secondary roads may be covered.
1.6. Significance of the Study
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