a hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (c) and hydrogen (h) only

A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)

only.

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CARBON COMPOUND

(ALCOHOLS)PRESENTED BY :

NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI

JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI

ALCOHOL

Elements in alcohols

Examples of alcohols

Effects of alcohols on

health

Characteristic

General Formula

Uses of alcohols

Experiment Quiz

An alcohol is an compound. It contains of 3 elements that is

and

ALCOHOLS

No.Because elements in alcohols contain an oxygen.

Is Alcohols a hydrocarbon??

why??

Alcohol molecular formula

Structural formula Boiling point(°C)

Methanol

CH3OH H H C O H H

65

Ethanol C2H5OH H H H C C O H H H

78

Propanol C3H7OH H H HH C C C O H H H H

97

Alcohol Organic acid

Esters

Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate

Ethanol

Ethanol

Ethanol

Butanoic acid Ethyl butanoate

Methanoic acid Ethyl methanoate

Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate

General formula for alcohol:

n is positive integer, n = 1,2,3……

The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’. Examples ethanol.

CnH2n+1OH

Ethanol is produced through fermentation.

By action of yeast, sugars or starch are converted into ethanol.

The fermentation of sugar using yeast is optimum at 37°C.If it get too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed.But if the temperature is too low, the yeast become inactive.

Glucose

Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that helps to break down sugar to produce

ethanol and carbon dioxide.

(Zymase enzyme)

yeastEthanol + Carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid with a sweet smell.

miscible in water. Both the boiling point and melting point

increase as the number of carbon atoms in its molecule increase (get larger).

The miscibility of alcohol in water decreases as molecules get larger.

Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only.

Alcohol + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water

Esterification Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid

catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric

acid to produce an ester. Alcohol + organic

acid

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Ester +

Water

Example :

Ethanol + ethanoic acid

Ethyl ethanoate + water

Concentrated sulphuric acid

C2H5OH + CH3COOH

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

H2SO4

FUELS

SOLVENTS COSMETICS

MEDICINES

SOLVENTSAlcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic compound which are insoluble in water.Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes,

perfumes and dyes. Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes

and paints.

COSMETICSAftershave lotion

Cleanser

Perfumes

MEDICINESMild antiseptic for

cleaning injured skin and prevents infections.Sterilise the skin before giving an injection.Dissolve medicines which are insoluble in water.

FUELS

2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g) 2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)+heat energy

Heat energy released can be used to run motor vehicles.

EFFECTS…

Health Problem

Social Problem

Psychiatric Problem

HEALTH PROBLEM

Liver diseases such as hepatitis

Obesity

Heart diseases

High blood pressure

SOCIAL PROBLEMDrinking too much

alcohol cause a person to get drunk.

Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts)

Increased accident rates.

PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM

Alcohol acts as a depressant.

Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to be anxious.

EXPERIMENT 4.2

Aim : To study the properties of alcohol.

Problem : What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohol.

Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.

Record your observation in thetable given.

QUIZQuestion 1

Question 2

Question 3

1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL??

A) CnH2n+1OHB) C2nHn+1OHC) C2n+1HnOH

2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT…….

A) HEALTH PROBLEMB) SOCIAL PROBLEMC) FINANCIAL PROBLEM

3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL?

A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGENB) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON