a - d math vocabulary. absolute value the absolute value of a positive number is the number itself....
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absolute value
The absolute value of a
positive number is the number
itself.
absolute value of -6 is 6
absolute value of 3 is 3
abundant number
A number in which the sum of all its proper factors is greater than the
number itself.
12 is an abundant number
Because the sum of its proper factors is
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16
16 is greater than 12
additive inverses
Two numbers whose sum is 0.
The additive inverse of a number
is also called its opposite.
3 +(-3)=0
additive inverse of 3 is -3
additive inverse of -3 is 3
algebraic expression
An expression that contains a variable.
7x + 3 = 24
x + 5 = 10
4 + 6 X 3 ÷ 2 – 1 =
algorithm
A set of step-by-step instructions for doing something, such as
carrying out a computation or solving
a problem.
area model
A model for multiplication problems, in which the length and width of a
rectangle represents the factors and the area
represents the product.
3 X 5 = 15
arithmetic fact
Any of the basic addition and multiplication
relationships and the corresponding
subtraction and division relationships.
9 + 7 = 1616 – 9 = 7
2 X 3 = 66 ÷ 2 = 3
arrows
The links representing the rule that determines which numbers go in the frames of a Frames-and-
Arrows diagram.
Rule
+ 5
arrow
arrow rule
5 10 15 20
arrow rule
The operation that determines the number
that goes in the next frame in a Frames-and-
Arrows diagram.
Rule
+ 3
arrow
arrow rule
5 8 11 14
associative
property
A property of addition and multiplication (but not of subtraction or
division) that says that changing the grouping of
the elements being added or multiplied will not change the sum or
product.
(4+3)+7=4+(3+7)
attribute
A feature of an object or a
common feature of a set of objects.
colorsizeshapenumber of sides
average
A typical or middle value for a set of numbers which is
found by adding the numbers in the set
and dividing the sum by the number
of numbers.
2, 4, 5, 9, 10 = 30 30 ÷ 5 = 6
The average is 6.
ballpark estimate
A rough estimate used as a check on the
reasonableness of an answer or when an exact figure is not
necessary.
27+39=66
30+40=70
bank draft
A written order for the exchange of money. $1000 bills are no
longer in use, so bank drafts are used instead.
bar graph
A graph that shows the relationships
among variables by the use of bars to
represent quantities.
base
1. Any side of a polygon, usually used, along with
the altitude perpendicular to it, for
computing area. 2. The flat face of faces
that define the shape when classifying
polyhedrons.
base
base ten
The familiar numeral system, consisting of the
ten digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
and a method of assigning values to
these digits depending on where they appear in
a number.
base of a polygon
The side on which the polygon “sits”; the side that is perpendicular to
the height of the polygon.
base of a polyhedron
The “bottom” face of a polyhedron; the
face whose shape is the base for
classifying a prism or pyramid.
base of a rectangle
One of the sides of a rectangle; also length of this side. The length of the side perpendicular
to the base is the height of a rectangle.
base of 3-dimensional
figure
One face or a pair of faces on the figure. The height is
the length of a line segment drawn
perpendicular to a base of the figure that extends
from the base to the opposite face or vertex.
base of a triangle
One of the sides of a triangle; also, the length of
its side. The shortest distance between the base and the vertex opposite the
base is the height of a triangle.
benchmark
An important or memorable count or
measure that can be used to evaluate the reasonableness of other counts or
measures.
capacity
A measure of how much a container can hold, usually in units
such as quarts, gallons, cups, or liters.
Celsius
The temperature scale on which 0 is the
temperature that pure water freezes and 100 it
boils. Celsius scale is used in the metric
system.
0
0
centimeter (cm)
In the metric system a unit of length equivalent to 10 millimeters,(1/10)
of a decimeter, and (1/100) of a meter.
change diagram
A diagram used to represent situations in which quantities are either increased or
decreased.
Start
14
End
9
Change
-5
14 – 5 = 9
circle
The set of all points in a plane that are equally distant from a given
point in the plane called the center of the circle.
circle
The set of all points in a plane that are equally distant from a given
point in the plane called the center of the circle.
circle graph
A graph in which a circle and its interior are
divided into parts to represent the pairs of a set of data. The circle
represents the whole set of data.
Class Data Pad
A large pad of paper where data collected by the class can be stored
for use (and review) throughout the year.
column-addition method
A method for adding numbersin which the addends’ digits are first added in each place-value column
separately, and then 10-for-1 trades are made until each column has only one digit. Lines are drawn to separate
the place value columns.
common
Shared by two or more numbers. A common
denominator of two fractions is any non zero number that
is a multiple of the denominators of both
fractions. A common factor of two numbers is any
number that is a factor of both numbers.
commutative
property
A property of addition and multiplication (but not of subtraction or
division) that says that changing the order of the elements being added or multiplied will not change
the sum or product.
8+7=15 7+8=15
comparison diagram
A diagram used to represent situations in which two quantities
are compared.
Quantity
12
Quantity Quantity
9 ?
12 = 9 + ?
compass
a) A device for drawing circles.
b) A navigational device that points to Earth's magnetic North Pole.
cone
A 3-dimensional shape having a circular base, a
curved surface, and one vertex, called the
apex.
base
curved surface
apex
constant
A number used over and over with an
operation performed on many numbers.
3 X 1 = 34 X 1 = 45 X 1 = 5
coordinate
A number used to locate a point on a
number line, or either of two numbers used to locate a point on a
coordinated grid.
coordinate
grid
A device for locating points in a plane by means of ordered number
pairs or coordinates.
corner
The point at which the rays or line segments of an angle, side of a
polygon, or other edge of a polyhedron
meet.
corner
corresponding angles
Any pair of angles in the same relative position
in two figures, or in similar locations in
relation to a transversal intersection two lines.
counting numbers
The numbers used to count things.
Sometimes 0 is included with the
counting numbers.
{1, 2, 3,4, ...}
counting numbers
The numbers used to count things. The set of counting numbers is {1,2,3,4,…}. All
counting numbers are integers and rational numbers, but not all integers or rational
numbers are counting numbers.
counting numbers
The numbers used to count things. All
counting numbers are integers and rational numbers, but not all integers or rational
numbers are counting numbers.
{1, 2, 3,4, ...}
cubic centimeter
(cm )
A metric unit of volume; the volume of a cube 1 centimeter on a side. 1
cubic centimeter is equal to 1 milliliter.
3
cubit
An ancient unit of length, measured from the point of the elbow
to the end of the middle finger.
customary system
The measuring system used most often in
the U.S.
lengthinchesfeetyardsmiles
capacityouncescupspintsquartsgallonstea spoons
table spoons
weightouncespoundstons
customary system
The measuring system used most often in
the U.S.
lengthinchesfeetyardsmiles
capacityouncescupspintsquartsgallonstea spoons
table spoons
weightouncespoundstons
cylinder
A 3-dimensional shape having a
curved surface and parallel circular or
elliptical bases that are the same size.
decimal
A number written in standard
notation, usually one containing a decimal point.
$24.45 1 2
= .50
decimal point
The mark that separates the whole
number from the fraction in decimal
notation. It separates the dollars from the
cents.
$24.45 1 2
= .50
decimal point
The period which separates the
whole number from the fraction in
decimal notation.
$24.45 1 2
= .50
deficient number
A number for which the sum of all the proper factors is
less than the number.
10 is a deficient number
the sum of its proper factors is1 + 2 + 5 = 8
8 is less than 10
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