Ⅱ-3 エコキャンパスの植物資源を利用した国際教育 …...instructions for use...
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Title Ⅱ-3 エコキャンパスの植物資源を利用した国際教育への貢献 : 北大短期留学生コース(HUSTEP)学生用の樹木ガイド作成
Author(s) 小池, 孝良; 秋林, 幸男; 間宮, 春大; 菅田, 定雄; 市川, 一; 常田, 益代
Citation 北方森林保全技術, 25, 71-88
Issue Date 2007
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/67647
Type article
File Information 北方森林保全技術25号-P71-P88.pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
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endangered plant species and their name plate.
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A contribution of the University Forests to a lecture for HUSTEP (Hokkaido University Short-Term Exchange Program) on forest biodiversity
fFurther development of Eco-Campus through creating name plates of trees, shrubs and herbs including endangered speciesf
�KOIKE Takayoshi 1U MAMIYA HaruhiroµU SUGATA Sadao�UICHIKAWA Kazu3,
TOKITA Masuyo4 and AKIBAYASHI Yukio 3
1 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589
2 Forest Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere (FSC), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809
3 Southern Forestry Research and Development Office, FSC, Hokkaido University 4 International Student Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808
Introduction
Many tree species have been planted in experimental nursery belonging to the Sapporo Experimental Forest (Sapporo Experimental Site). Most of these trees unfold spring foliage and change the leaf color in fall and provide a home place in our campus. The pathway from the International Student Center to the campus dormitory passes through the experimental nursery. Therefore, we have improved our teaching materials particularly for international students by providing information on different tree species to understand the high biodiversity in East Asia (Koike et al. 2006). We made and set visible name plates of trees planted along the pathway and provided the leaflet with the description of traits of trees. For further development of our teaching materials (i.e. name plates), we add more name plates for the rest trees, shrubs and herbs in the nursery and its vicinity.
The name plates are characterized by the description of the origin of species name in relation to the methods for their utilization. These name plates provide important information to readers and recognize that Japanese are consists of several races (Koike et al. 2006). For example, we have improved the style of our daily life based on the idea of Ainu people, the former residents of Hokkaido Island. We learn that the Ainu culture is devoted to conserve natural resources as far as possible and live together with nature.
University Forests of the Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere (FSC) of Hokkaido University have working on the “SGP; Sustainable Governance Project” as a part of the educational project of “Sustainability Science” of the Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S) organized by the University of Tokyo. With the activities on forest science in the SGP, we have established an arboretum in the Sapporo Experimental Forest based on the plan of creating “Eurasian Forests” (Sasa and Koike 2002). Name plates and this guide leaflet are dedicated to the arboretum that had built by Mr. A. Okuya, a technical officer of University Forests by 2003. Name plates, plant species and their explanation
We made name plates for trees, shrubs and endangered herb species in the arboretum and roadside trees in the Sapporo Experimental Forest (Photo. 1). Moreover, we added more name plates of 23 tree species (as listed in below) to the former name plates in the fiscal year of 2005 (Position is shown in Fig. 1). Listed tree species and their explanation method are as follows: Common name of Japanese, Roman characters and English in parenthesis, Latin name, origin of common name in Japanese, their growth and reproductive characteristics, utilization of them and native place. Order of listed name of trees was followed and idea of Dr. Engler (Ito 1972).
Color of background of name plates is dark green and explanation writing both Japanese and English was white in color (Photo. 2). Size of nameplates was the A4 type (20 x 29cm) for trees and the B7 (5 x 8cm) type for shrub and herbs including endangered species. They were attached to stem of trees with special coil, which may have no negative effect on tree growth (Koike et al. 2006) or attached to a small pole inserted to soil for herbs. We set these name plates for trees along the road in the experimental nursery between International Student Center and dormitory for overseas students and a part of Experimental Farm (near the bust of late Prof. I. Nitobe) under the regulation of the idea of “Campus Plan of Hokkaido University 2006”.
Moreover, we set name plates for shrubs and herbs in the arboretum for mountain herbs and shrubs including endangered species (Fig. 1).� As for the references, we list the tables of Japanese and English,
including Japanese and Latin name of shrub and herbs, origin of their name, ecology and their utilization (appendix). Acknowledgements
We thank the project fund of Hokkaido University entitled “A trail for improving the lecture of HUSTEP (Biodiversity) with the Eco-Campus (to Dr. Y. Akibayashi, the representative teaching staff)”. Thanks are also due to Dr. H. Iijima, Mr. A. Ogino and Mr. R. Iwase (Research club of Nature Conservation of Hokkaido University) for their intensive contribution to this project. This is a contribution to the “Sustainable Governance Project” of Hokkaido University. References Ito. H. (1972) New taxonomy of higher plants, Hokuryukann, Tokyo. (in Japanese) Koike, T., Mamiya, H., Arikura, K., Sezaki, Y., Tokita, M. and Akibayashi, Y. (2006) A contribution of the
University Forests to a lecture of HUSTEP (Hokkaido University Short-Term Exchange Program) fDevelopment of Eco-Campus through creating name plates of tree speciesf Technical Report for Boreal Forest Conservation Vol.24: 61-72.
Sarashina, G. and Sarashina, H. (1976) Biology of Kotan (the Ainu races) I, Trees and shrubs, Hosei University Press, Tokyo. (in Japanese)
Sasa, K. and Koike, T. (2002) A plan for creating “Eurasian Forests” in the Sapporo Experimental Forest, Northern Forestry 54: 42-45
Sato, T. (1990) Trees and shrubs of Hokkaido, Arisu-sha, Sapporo. (in Japanese) Appendix
List of the name plates of plants raised in the arboretum of mountain herbs and shrubs includingendangered species. Appendix 1. Tall Trees 1� �Ñ�Ò Nemu-no-ki; Mimosa tree (Albizia julibrissin) Origin of Japanese name: Nemunoki means “tree that sleeps” since, at night or in severely hot weather, pairs of its facing leaflets droop down and touch each other as if they fell asleep. Ecology/utilization: Intolerant, pioneer tree. Lives symbiotically with rhizobia. Blossoms bloom in the evening. Incense is produced from the leaves and a crude drug from the bark. /Japan and China 2� o¥Êò Aka-nara; Northrn red oak (Quercus rubra) Origin of Japanese name: Oak (nara) with leaves that turn red (aka). Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Some of trees in its place of origin reach 40 meters tall. Prefers fertile, well-drained lands. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for buildings, plywood and hedges. /North America 3� 3þ�2¸�¹ Sutorobu-matsu; Eastern white pine (Pinus strobes) Origin of Japanese name: Sutorobu is the Japanese pronunciation for the specific epithet strobes. Matsu means “pine.” Ecology/utilization/origin: Evergreen tree. Some of trees in its place of origin reach 70 meters tall. Planted in parks and roadsides.Used for buildings and tools. /North America 4� Éþ¼¥&½ Satoh-kaede; Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Origin of Japanese name: Satoh (sugar) and kaede (maple) as it produces sweet sap. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Highly hardy. Maple syrup is produced from the sap in its place of origin. Planted in parks
and roadsides in Japan. The leaf is the symbol on the national flag of Canada. /North America. 5� 4¼É-'Å� Teuchi-gurumi; Persian walnut� (Juglans regia var. orientis) Origin of Japanese name: “Walnut” (k(g)urumi) that can be cracked by “hitting with hands” (teuchi), without using any tools. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Grown for its nuts for food. The wood is used for furniture and tools. /Iran 6� ÓÔÒ Keyaki; Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata) Origin of Japanese name: Keyaki derives from Keyakeki-ki, which means “especially noticeable tree.” Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Big canopy on top of the trunk. Grows along valleys and on plains with good soil and water conditions. Planted in gardens, parks and roadsides. Used for buildings, tools and furniture. /East Asia, Honshu and southwest Japan. 7� o·Ì¥-ÒÉÉà Amerika-kisasage; Southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) Origin of Japanese name: Amerik(c)a is its place of origin. It’s called kisasage because the tree (ki) produces pods that look like thoseof sasage (Cowpea). Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Short and usually a slightly bent trunk. Introduced in Japan at the end of Meiji Era as an ornamental plant. Planted in gardens and parks. Used for medicine. /North America 8� CÊò Ko-nara; Konara-oak (Quercus serrata) Origin of Japanese name: Nara (oak) with small (ko) leaves. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Grows in sunny mountains and fields. Used for tools. Shiitake mushrooms are grown on its logs. /Japan and Korean Peninsula 9� � Zumi; Toringo crab (Malus sieboldii) Origin of Japanese name: Changed from somi (to dye) as dye is made from the bark. Also know as koringo (small apple). Ecology/utilization: Small deciduous tree. Grows in a mixed forest as well as on the edges of forests and marshes. Planted in gardens, parks and roadsides. Used for hedges and bonsai. /Japanese origin. 10� ñÌ�Ò Yuri-no-ki; Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Origin of Japanese name: Means “lily tree” as its flower looks like that of the lily. Also known as hantenboku (hanten tree) becausethe leaves are shaped like a Japanese coat. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Honey plant. Grows in the valleys and mountainsides in its place of origin. Introduced in Japan in the early Meiji era. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for buildings, tools and musical instruments. /Northeast America 11� 3� Sugi; Japanese red cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Origin of Japanese name: Changed from suguiki, which meant “straight tree.” Ecology/utilization/origin: Common evergreen conifer in Japan. Major tree for afforestation. Grows in moderately or slightly more wet soil. Major source of pollen for allergy sufferers. Planted in parks and woods around temples and shrines. Used for buildings and tools. /Honshu and south Japan 12� Æ��Ò Doro-no-ki; Japanese poplar (Populus maximowiczii)
Origin of Japanese name: Means “mud tree” because the wood is as soft as mud and useless, or because it looks as if white mud is smeared on its trunk and branches. Also known as doroyanagi (mud willow). Ecology/utilization/origin: Intolerant, deciduous tree. As the leaf contains plenty of nitrogen and phosphorus, it is frequently eaten by insects, and decomposes quickly after falling. Planted in parks. Used for tools and pulps. /Northeast Asia 13� ��'Å� Oni-gurumi; Japanese walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia) Origin of Japanese name: Oni (ogre) because its nut has a hard shell and deep wrinkles. K(g)urumi (walnut) derives from kuromumi (black nut) as black dye was made from the shell. Nesko in the Ainu language. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Prefers wet, fertile soils along rivers and on the plains. Juglone in the nuts’ shell prevents other plants from growing under the tree. Planted in parks. Used for furniture and gunstocks. Nuts for food. /Japan and Sakhalin-Russia 14� �0Æ� Gin-doro; Silverleaf poplar (Populus alba) Origin of Japanese name: Gin means “sliver.” The back side of the leaf looks silver. Doro is supposed to be the abbreviation of doronoki (Japanese poplar). Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Thick white bristles make the backside of the leaf shine like silver. Planted in parks. Used for matchsticks and pulps. /Central Asia, Europe 15� ŸÅÑ-¥&½ Ruburumu-kaede; Red maple (Acer rubrum) Origin of Japanese name: Ruburumu is the Japanese pronunciation for the specific epithet rubrum. Kaede (maple) derives from kaeru (frog) and te (hand) because of the shape of the leaf. Also known as Amerikahananoki (American flower tree) or benikaede (red maple). Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Dioecious. The scarlet flowers bloom before the leaves sprout. The male flower is especially beautiful. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for hedges. /North America 16� &>�-¼Ó� ??ò Ezo-no-uwamizu-zakura; Bird-cherry (Prunus padus) Origin of Japanese name: Ezono means “of Ezo (old name of Hokkaido) ”. Uwamizu derives from uwamizo (grooves on the surface). People told fortunes by carving grooves in the tree. S(z)akura means “cherry.” Kikinni in the Ainu language. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Grows in wet plains and mountains. Planted in parks. Dye is made from the bark. /Hokkaido, Sakhalin, Korea Peninsula 17� Ô�'Ó Yama-guwa; Mulberry (Morus bombycis) Origin of Japanese name: Yama means “mountain.” K(g)uwa derives from ku (eat) and ha (leaf). The leaves are fed to silkworms. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Heterophyllous (having dissimilar leaves on one plant). Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for tools. Leaves fed to silkworms. Berries for food./Japan, China, Korea and Himalaya 18� � ÒMizu-ki; Table dogwood (Cornus controversa) Origin of Japanese name: Mizu (water) and ki (tree) as plenty of sap comes out if a branch is cut in Spring. Ecology/utilization/origin: Medium-height, intolerant, deciduous tree. Grows on lower or gentle mountain side with thick fertile soil layer. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for tools, kokeshi dolls and Japanese New Year, decorations. /Japan, Korea, China
19� 72�ÄEg?��¹ Yoroppa-kuro-matsu; Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) Origin of Japanese name: Means “European black pine” as it is originally from Europe and the needles are black. Ecology/utilization/origin: Evergreen tree. Grows along rivers and in damp forests. Reaches 20-40 meters tall in its place of origin. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for buildings and tools. /Europe. 20� o ÒÊ5 Azuki-nashi; Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia) Origin of Japanese name: The fruit is like a pear (nashi) in shape and as small as an azuki bean. Also known as katasugi. Ecology/utilization/origin: Medium-sized deciduous tree. Grows on mountain ridgess. Naturally hybridize with mountain ashes. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for tools. /Japan, Korea and China 21� ?Ì� Kuri; Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) Origin of Japanese name: Kuri is the archaic word for “small stone” as the fallen nut looks like one. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. The nuts have been eaten since ancient times. Grown in orchids and gardens. Used for buildings, carvings and tools. /Japan, Korea and China 22� 72�ÄEgo¥�¹ Yoroppa-aka-matsu; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) Origin of Japanese name: Means “European red pine” as it is originally from Europe and the bark is red. Ecology/utilization/origin: Evergreen tree. Quality aroma oil is extracted from the needles. Planted in parks and roadsides. Used for buildings and tools. /Europe and Siberia-Russia 23� É6¼/0Ô�Êò5 Chousen-yama-narashi , Chinese aspen (Populus tremula var. davidiana) Origin of Japanese name: Means “Korean (chosen) mountain (yama) rustler (narashi)” as the flat leaves rustle even in slight breeze. Also known as Ezoyamanarashi. Ecology/utilization/origin: Deciduous tree. Also propagates by root suckers. A ruderal species that grows in sunny mountainsides. Used for matchsticks and pulp. /Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Korea
Appendix 2. Shrubs and herbs including engendered species We made name plates and show tables of the list of shrubs and herbs planting in the arboretum
experimental nursery.
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est f
loor
s. P
eren
nial
.E
ndan
gere
d sp
ecie
s II
(Vul
nera
ble)
.Ja
pan
exce
pt S
hiko
ku &
Ryu
kyu
Ikar
iso
Labi
atae
Epim
ediu
m g
rand
iflor
umTh
e flo
wer
of t
his
plan
t loo
ks li
ke a
nan
chor
(ika
ri).
Gro
ws
unde
r tre
es o
n hi
lls. P
eren
nial
.Ja
pan
Unr
anSc
roph
alar
iace
aeLi
naria
japo
nica
Mea
ns “s
ea o
rchi
d.”
Gro
ws
on s
andy
bea
ches
. Per
enni
al.
Eas
t Asi
aD
aim
onjis
oSa
xifr
agac
eae
Saxi
frag
a. fo
rtun
ei v
ar. i
ncis
olob
ata
Its
peta
ls lo
ok li
ke th
e Ch
ines
e ch
arac
ter
of“d
ai” (
daim
onnj
i).G
row
s in
wet
, roc
ky m
ount
aino
us a
reas
.Pe
renn
ial.
Japa
n
Aubr
ietia
Cruc
ifera
eAu
brie
tia d
elto
idea
Nam
ed a
fter
the
Fren
ch a
rtis
t fam
ous
for
his
pict
ures
of p
lant
s.G
row
s in
sun
ny, c
ool p
lace
s. P
eren
nial
.It
aly,
Gre
ece
Niw
azek
isho
Irid
acea
eSi
syri
nchi
um a
ngus
tifol
ium
Gro
ws
in g
arde
ns (n
iwa)
and
look
s lik
egr
assy
-leav
ed s
wee
t fla
g (s
ekis
ho).
Intr
oduc
ed in
to b
otan
ical
gar
dens
from
whe
re it
esc
aped
into
the
wild
. Per
enni
al.
Nor
th A
mer
ia
Miz
uhik
iso
Poly
gona
ceae
Poly
gonu
m fi
lifor
me
Its
flow
er s
talk
is s
imila
r to
miz
uhik
i,Ja
pane
se d
ecor
ativ
e st
ring
.G
row
s in
fiel
ds a
nd m
ount
ains
. Per
enni
al.
Japa
n, C
hina
Sum
ire�
yello
w#
Vio
lace
aeVi
ola
orie
ntal
isTh
e sh
ape
of th
e flo
wer
is li
ke a
sum
iire,
the
ink
bott
le u
sed
by c
arpe
nter
s.G
row
s in
sun
ny fi
elds
, in
mou
ntai
ns a
ndon
roa
dsid
es. P
eren
nial
.E
ast A
sia
Erin
us A
lpin
usSc
roph
alar
iace
aeEr
inus
a§p
inus
The
genu
s er
inus
pla
nt th
at g
row
s in
the
Alp
s.H
ardy
and
gro
ws
in h
igh
mou
ntai
ns.
Pere
nnia
l.A
lps
Niw
aum
eR
osac
eae
Prun
us J
apon
ica T
hum
bPl
ante
d in
gar
dens
(niw
a) a
nd p
rodu
ces
blos
som
s th
at lo
ok li
ke th
ose
of J
apan
ese
plum
s (u
me)
.
Dec
iduo
us s
hrub
.C
hina
Jako
-aoi
Mal
vace
aeM
alva
mos
chat
aSm
ells
like
mus
k (ja
ko).
Gro
ws
on r
oads
ides
and
in g
rass
land
s.E
urop
eSe
iyo-
odam
aki
Ran
uncu
lace
aeAq
uile
gia
vulg
aris
Oda
mak
i mea
ns a
“bal
l of h
emp
thre
ad.”
Hor
ticul
tura
l var
iety
of A
mer
ican
colu
mbi
ne, i
mpr
oved
by
cros
sing
.A
mer
ia, E
urop
e
Miy
ama-
odam
aki
Ran
uncu
lace
aeAq
uile
gia
flabe
llata
Oda
mak
i mea
ns a
“bal
l of h
emp
thre
ad.”
Gro
ws
in a
lpin
e gr
assl
ands
. Per
enni
al.
Hok
kaid
o, W
estr
n H
onsh
u Jp
nO
kato
rano
-oPr
imul
acea
eLy
sim
achi
a¨cle
thro
ides
Gro
ws
on “h
ills
(oka
)” a
nd it
s flo
wer
sta
lklo
oks
like
the
“tai
l of a
tige
r (to
ra-n
o-o)
.”G
row
s in
gra
ss o
n lo
wla
nds
or h
ills.
Pere
nnia
l.E
ast A
sia
Ezon
egi
Lilia
ceae
Alliu
m S
choe
nopr
asum
The
leek
(neg
i) th
at g
row
s in
Ezo
(the
old
nam
e fo
r Hok
kaid
o).
A lo
cal v
arie
ty o
f the
chiv
e. P
eren
nial
.H
okka
ido
Jpn
Tsut
abau
nran
Scro
phal
aria
ceae
Cym
bala
ria m
ural
isTh
e se
a or
chid
(unr
an) w
ith iv
y le
aves
(tsu
taba
).Pe
renn
ial c
reep
er. I
mm
igra
nt.
Eur
ope
Blue
cat
min
tLa
biat
aeN
epet
a m
ussi
nii
A re
lativ
e of
this
min
t att
ract
s ca
ts.
Har
dy, p
eren
nial
her
b.Ir
anAt
tu-z
akur
aH
ypox
idac
eae
Rhod
ohyp
oxis
bau
riiIt
is b
elie
ved
that
this
pla
nt w
as n
amed
tom
ourn
the
Japa
nese
troo
ps w
ho fo
ught
toth
e de
ath
on A
ttu
Isla
nd.
Gro
ws
in h
ighl
ands
. Per
enni
al.
Sout
h Af
rica
Arm
eria
Plum
bagi
nace
aeAr
mer
ia m
ariti
ma
Mea
ns “c
lose
to th
e se
a” in
the
Ken
tla
ngua
ge.
Gro
ws
on s
eash
ores
and
is r
esis
tant
to a
rid
and
salty
con
ditio
ns. P
eren
nial
.E
urop
e
Chri
stm
as R
ose
Ran
uncu
lace
aeH
elle
boru
s nig
erIt
blo
oms
arou
nd C
hris
tmas
and
look
s lik
ea
rose
.G
row
s in
bad
land
s. M
any
hort
icul
tura
lva
riet
ies
exis
t.Eu
rope
, Wes
t Asi
a
Sans
hoR
utac
eae
Zant
hoxy
lim p
iper
itum
Its
old
nam
e ha
jikam
i mea
ns “t
he le
ekw
hose
frui
t bur
sts.
”Fo
und
in m
ount
ains
. Als
o pl
ante
d in
hom
ega
rden
s.E
ast A
sia
(Jap
an)
List
of s
hrub
s an
d he
rbs
incl
udin
g en
gend
ered
spe
cies
Japa
nese
nam
eFa
mily
Latin
nam
eO
rigi
n of
Jap
anes
e na
me
Eco
logy
and
hab
itat
Ori
gin
Hid
akam
iseb
aya
Cras
sula
ceae
Sedu
m ca
utico
lum
Mis
ebay
a m
eans
“To
who
m to
sho
w” a
s its
flow
er lo
oks
grac
eful
.G
row
s in
rock
y pl
aces
bot
h in
mou
ntai
nsan
d on
the
coas
t. En
dang
ered
Spe
cies
II(V
ulne
rabl
e).
Hok
kaid
o Jp
n
Futa
mat
aich
ige
Ranu
ncul
acea
eA.
dich
otom
aTh
e st
em “b
ranc
hes
into
two
(futa
mat
a)”
and
“one
flow
er (i
chig
e)” b
loom
s on
eac
hbr
ach.
Gro
ws
on w
et g
rass
land
s on
pla
ins.
Enda
nger
ed S
peci
es II
(Vul
nera
ble)
.H
okka
ido
Jpn,
Sak
halin
Chin
guru
ma
Rosa
ceae
Geu
m p
enta
peta
lum
The
com
bina
tion
of ch
igo
(bab
y) a
ndku
rum
a (w
heel
) as
its fl
ower
is s
mal
l and
its p
etal
s lo
ok li
ke a
whe
el.
Smal
l shr
ub th
at g
row
s on
gra
ssla
nds
and
in w
etla
nds
in a
lpin
e ar
eas.
Hok
kaid
o Jp
n, n
orth
ern
Hon
shu
Sile
ne m
ariti
ma
Cary
ophy
llace
aeSi
lene
mar
itim
aD
eriv
ed fr
om th
e G
reek
wor
d si
alon
(sal
iva)
as
it pr
oduc
es a
sec
retio
n.Im
port
ed fo
r hor
ticul
ture
. Per
enni
al.
Eng
land
, Nor
th A
fric
a
Ezoh
anas
hino
buPo
lem
onia
ceae
Pole
mon
ium
. yez
oens
eTh
e sh
ape
of th
e le
af is
sim
ilar t
o th
at o
fsh
inob
u, a
kin
d of
fern
.G
row
s in
alp
ine
and
suba
lpin
e ar
eas.
Enda
nger
ed S
pice
s II
(Vul
nera
ble)
.H
okka
ido
Jpn
Oba
take
shim
ara
Lilia
ceae
Stre
ptop
us a
mpl
exifo
lus
var.
papi
llatu
sO
ba (l
arge
leaf
) and
take
shim
a (b
ambo
ost
ripe
s) d
escr
ibe
the
appe
aran
ce o
f the
leav
es.
Gro
ws
in w
et p
lace
s in
low
land
s an
dm
ount
ains
.N
orth
ern
Japa
n
Lam
b’s
ear
Labi
atae
Stac
hys b
yzan
tina
As it
is c
over
ed w
ith b
rist
les.
Pere
nnia
l her
b. U
sed
as a
n or
nam
enta
ldr
ied
flow
er.
Sout
h Eu
rope
Ezom
uras
aki
Bora
gina
ceae
Myo
sotis
sylv
atica
“Pur
ple
(mur
asak
i)” o
f Ezo
(the
old
nam
efo
r Hok
kaid
o).
Gro
ws
in fo
rest
s an
d al
ong
stre
ams
inm
ount
ains
.E
urop
e, A
sia
(Jap
anA
Tam
agaw
a-ho
toto
gisu
Lilia
ceae
Tric
yrtis
latif
olia
Hot
otog
isu
mea
ns “l
ittle
cuck
oo,”
whi
chha
s sp
ots
sim
ilar t
o th
ose
of th
is fl
ower
.Ta
mag
awa
is th
e na
me
of a
pla
ce, f
amou
sfo
r a s
imila
r ye
llow
flow
er, y
amab
uki
(Jap
anes
e ro
se).
Gro
ws
in w
et p
lace
s de
ep in
the
mou
ntai
nsan
d al
ong
valle
ys.
Japa
n
Shim
otsu
keso
Rosa
ceae
Filip
endu
la m
ultij
uga
The
flow
er is
sim
ilar t
o th
at o
f shi
mot
suke
(Jap
anes
e sp
irea
).G
row
s in
mou
ntai
ns. P
eren
nial
.So
uthw
este
rn J
apan
Kok
uryu
Lilia
ceae
Oph
iopo
gon
plan
isca
pus
The
nam
e m
eans
“bla
ck d
rago
n.” I
t is
are
lativ
e of
ryu-
no-h
ige
(mea
ning
“dra
gon’
sw
hisk
ers,
” Eng
lish
nam
e: d
war
f lily
turf
)an
d its
leav
es a
re b
lack
.
Hor
ticul
tura
l var
iety
of o
baja
nohi
ge (b
lack
mon
do g
rass
/ bla
ck li
lytu
rf).
Japa
n (h
oltic
ultu
re p
lant
s)
Kog
omi
Aspi
diac
eae
Mat
teuc
cia st
ruth
iopt
eris
Kog
o re
fers
to th
e sh
ape
of it
s yo
ung
leaf
whi
ch lo
oks
as if
it is
crou
chin
g, a
nd m
iG
row
s in
mou
ntai
n fo
rest
s. D
ecid
uous
pere
nnia
l.N
orth
ern
Hem
isph
ere
Lem
mon
bal
mLa
biat
aeM
elis©
a of
ficin
ali s
It s
mel
ls li
ke a
lem
on.
Popu
lar h
erb.
Per
enni
al.
Med
iterr
anea
n &
Cen
tral
Asi
aRo
man
Cha
mom
ileCo
mpo
sita
eAn
them
is n
obili
sCh
amom
ile c
omes
from
the
Gre
ek w
ord
mea
ning
“gro
und
appl
e.”
Popu
lar h
erb.
Per
enni
al.
Eur
ope
Hor
se r
adis
hCr
ucife
rae
Arm
orac
ia ru
stica
naIt
s le
aves
look
like
thos
e of
rad
ish.
Imm
igra
nt. F
ound
on
road
side
s. P
eren
nial
.N
orth
ern
Euro
peM
ini-b
ara
Rosa
ceae
Rosa¨
spª
The
gene
ral n
ame
for d
war
fish
rose
s.Th
ere
are
num
erou
s ho
rtic
ultu
ral v
arie
ties
and
it is
har
d to
clas
sify
them
.C
hina
Kik
yoCa
mpa
nula
ceae
Plat
ycod
on g
rand
iflor
umJa
pane
se p
ronu
ncia
tion
of th
e Ch
ines
ena
me
wri
tten
in C
hine
se c
hara
cter
s.G
row
s on
sun
ny m
ount
ains
ides
and
ingr
assl
ands
.E
ast A
sia,
Jap
an
Tois
hien
reis
oLi
liace
aeTr
illiu
m sm
allii
f.sp
. alb
umN
amed
afte
r its
dis
cove
ry o
n M
t. To
ishi
inSa
ppor
o.Al
bino
of e
nrei
so (t
rilli
um).
Foun
d on
lyra
rely
in co
loni
es o
f tri
llium
.H
okka
ido
Jpn
Kiij
oroh
otot
ogis
uLi
liace
aeTr
icyr
tis m
acra
ntha
var
. mac
rant
hops
isIt
s be
auty
was
like
ned
to th
at o
f jor
o, th
ew
oman
wor
king
in th
e pa
lace
.Ap
pear
s on
cliff
s de
ep in
the
mou
ntai
ns o
fth
e K
ii D
istr
ict.
Enda
nger
ed S
pice
s II
(Vul
nera
ble)
.
Kii
Peni
nsul
a Ja
pan
Kor
ai-t
enna
nsho
Arac
eae
Aris
aem
a pe
nins
ulae
Kor
ai m
eam
s “K
orea
” and
tenn
ansh
o is
the
nam
e of
a C
hine
se h
erba
l med
icin
e.G
row
s in
dar
k fo
rest
s in
mou
ntai
ns.
Pere
nnia
l.Ja
pan
Yam
asha
kuya
kuRa
nunc
ulac
eae
Paeo
nia
japo
nica
“Peo
ny (s
haku
yaku
)” th
at is
foun
d in
the
“mou
ntai
n (y
ama)
.”G
row
s in
mou
ntai
n fo
rest
s. E
ndan
gere
dSp
ices
II (V
ulne
rabl
e).
Japa
n
Japa
nese
nam
eFa
mily
Latin
nam
eO
rigi
n of
Jap
anes
e na
me
Eco
logy
and
hab
itat
Ori
gin
Kok
emom
oEr
icac
eae
Vacc
iniu
m V
itis-
Idae
aIt
is a
s sm
all a
s ko
ke (m
oss)
and
bea
rssw
eet a
nd s
our f
ruit
like
a m
omo
(pea
ch).
Smal
l shr
ub in
the
alpi
ne a
reas
.N
orth
Not
hern
Hem
isph
ere
Gan
kora
nEm
petr
acea
eEm
petr
um n
igru
m v
. jap
onicu
m.
Gan
-ko-
ran
mea
ns “r
ock-
high
-orc
hid.
”G
row
s in
ope
n fie
lds
and
on r
ocks
in a
lpin
ear
eas.
Eve
rgre
en s
hrub
.Ja
pan(
Hok
kaid
, Hon
shu Â
Amer
ica
Tatt
aso
Berb
erid
acea
eJe
ffers
onia
dip
hylla
Tatt
aso
(tw
in le
af) p
rodu
ced
in A
mer
ica.
Rar
ely
seen
in J
apan
.N
orth
Am
eria
Chos
engo
mis
hiSc
hisa
ndra
ceae
Schi
zand
ra ch
inen
sis
Cho
sen
mea
ns “K
orea
.” G
omis
hi m
eans
“five
-flav
ored
frui
t” a
s it
has
five
diffe
rent
tast
es d
epen
ding
on
the
part
of t
he fr
uit.
Foun
d in
mou
ntai
nous
are
as. D
ecid
uous
bine
.K
orea
, Chi
na, J
apan
Rui
yosh
oum
aR
anun
cula
ceae
Acta
ea a
siat
icaTh
e na
me
mea
ns “t
he le
af is
sim
ilar
tosh
oma
(ast
ilbe)
.”G
row
s in
the
shad
e, ty
pica
lly a
t the
foot
of
tree
s in
the
mou
ntai
ns. P
eren
nial
.A
sia(
Japa
n #
Mur
asak
iB
orag
inac
eae
Lith
ospe
rmum
offi
cinal
eM
uras
aki m
eans
“pur
ple”
as
purp
le d
yeus
ed to
be
take
n fr
om it
s ro
ots.
Gro
ws
in m
ount
ains
and
gra
ssla
nds.
Pere
nnia
l. En
dang
ered
Spi
ces
IB(E
ndan
gere
d).
Japa
n, C
hina
, Am
ur
Nor
iuts
ugi
Saxi
frag
acea
eH
ydra
ngea
pan
icula
taTh
e st
arch
(nor
i) us
ed fo
r pa
per
mak
ing
ism
ade
from
the
inne
r bar
k of
its
trun
k.G
row
s in
mou
ntai
ns. D
ecid
uous
shr
ub.
Japa
n, S
akha
lin, C
hina
Tani
utsu
giCa
plifo
liace
aeW
eige
la h
orte
nsis
Oft
en fo
und
in v
alle
ys (t
ani).
Gro
ws
in s
unny
fiel
ds a
nd m
ount
ains
.H
okka
ido,
Hon
shu
(Sea
of J
apan
sid
e)Sa
rasa
doda
nEr
icac
eae
Enki
anth
us ca
mpa
nula
tus
Nic
hols
.Th
e ca
lico
(sar
asa)
pat
tern
is o
n th
eco
rolla
.G
row
s in
the
mou
ntai
ns. D
ecid
uous
shr
ub.
Sout
h H
okka
ido,
Hon
shu
Nob
inec
hido
riO
rchi
dace
aeG
ymna
deni
a ca
mts
chat
ica“L
arks
pur
(chi
dori
)” w
ith “s
tret
ched
roo
ts(n
obin
e).”
Gro
ws
in a
lpin
e ar
eas
and
mou
ntai
nfo
rest
s. P
eren
nial
.Ja
pan,
Kam
chat
ka
Hak
usan
chid
ori
Orc
hida
ceae
Orc
his a
rista
ta F
isch
.H
akus
an is
the
nam
e of
a p
lace
in th
eIs
hika
wa
Pref
ectu
re, w
here
this
pla
nt is
Gro
ws
in w
etla
nds
and
gras
slan
ds in
alpi
ne a
reas
. Per
enni
al.
Nor
ther
n Ja
pan
Yabu
koji
Myr
sina
ceae
Ardi
sia
japo
nica
Koj
i (a
kind
of o
rang
e) th
at g
row
s in
a“t
hick
et (y
abu)
.”G
row
s in
the
shad
e of
tree
s on
hill
s an
dlo
w m
ount
ains
. Eve
rgre
en s
hrub
.Ja
pan,
Eas
t Asi
a
Him
eizu
iLi
liace
aePo
lyon
atum
hum
ile F
isch
.H
ime
(pri
nces
s) r
efer
s to
sm
alln
ess.
Izui
isth
e na
me
for S
olom
on’s
seal
.G
row
s in
mou
ntai
n gr
assl
ands
and
on
the
coas
t. Pe
renn
ial.
Nor
ther
n Ja
pan
Oos
akur
aso
Prim
ulac
eae
Prim
ula
jeso
ana
Oo
mea
ns “l
arge
.” Th
e sh
ape
of th
e flo
wer
is s
imila
r to
that
of c
herr
ies
(sak
ura)
.G
row
s in
sun
ny w
etla
nds
in a
lpin
e ar
eas.
Pere
nnia
l.N
orth
ern
Japa
n
Shir
anea
oiRa
nunc
ulac
eae
Gla
ucid
ium
pal
mat
umFr
eque
ntly
foun
d in
Mt.
Shir
ane
in th
eTo
chig
i Pre
fect
ure.
Loo
ks li
ke T
achi
aoi.
Gro
ws
in lo
wla
nds
and
mou
ntai
ns.
End
ange
red
Spic
es II
(Vul
nera
ble)
inH
okka
ido.
Nor
ther
n Ja
pan
Nis
hiki
goro
mo
Labi
atae
Ajug
a ye
soen
sis
The
nam
e m
eans
“bro
cade
d cl
othe
s” a
s th
ele
aves
are
ver
y de
cora
tive.
Gro
ws
in fo
rest
s on
hill
s an
d in
mou
ntai
ns.
Japa
n ex
cept
Shi
koku
and
Ryu
kyu
Nik
koki
suge
Lilia
ceae
Hem
eroc
allis
Mid
dend
orfii
Tra
uty
Ki (
yello
w) r
efer
s to
the
colo
r of
the
flow
er.
The
leaf
is s
imila
r to
that
of t
he s
edge
(sug
e).
Gro
ws
in g
rass
land
s an
d w
etla
nds
inm
ount
ains
and
on
the
coas
t.N
orth
ern
Japa
n
Gyo
jya-
ninn
iku
Lilia
ceae
Alliu
m v
ictor
ialis
var
. pla
typh
yllu
mG
yojy
a m
eans
"asc
etic
s" a
nd N
inni
kum
eans
"gar
lic",
asce
tics
in w
ork
may
tast
eth
is p
lant
s fo
r ke
epin
g he
alth
.
Gro
ws
in lo
wla
nd a
nd m
ount
ain
fore
sts.
Nor
ther
n Ja
pan
Ryuk
yuts
utsu
jiEr
icac
eae
Rhod
oden
dron
muc
rona
tum
Unk
now
n.C
ross
ed h
ortic
ultu
ral v
arie
ty o
fRh
odod
endr
on ri
pens
e an
d Rh
odod
endr
onm
acro
sepa
lum
.
Hor
ticul
ture
pla
nt
Kab
aren
geEr
icac
eae
Rhod
oden
dron
japo
nicu
mO
rang
e-flo
wer
ed v
arie
ty o
f Jap
anes
eaz
alea
.G
row
s on
hig
hlan
ds a
nd p
lain
s. P
opul
arly
culti
vate
d as
an
orna
men
tal p
lant
.C
ool t
empe
rate
in J
apan
Mat
sum
ushi
soD
ipsa
cace
aeSc
abio
sa ja
poni
ca v
ar. j
apon
icaM
atsu
mus
hi is
a k
ind
of cr
icke
t but
ther
ear
e se
vera
l exp
lana
tions
for
the
nam
ing
ofth
is p
lant
.
Gro
ws
in s
unny
are
as in
the
mou
ntai
ns.
Japa
n
Japa
nese
nam
eFa
mily
Latin
nam
eO
rigi
n of
Jap
anes
e na
me
Eco
logy
and
hab
itat
Ori
gin
Kat
akur
i�ye
llow#
Lilia
ceae
Eryt
hron
ium
japo
nicu
mSt
arch
is ca
lled
kata
kuri
ko in
Jap
anes
e as
it us
ed to
be
colle
cted
from
the
bulb
of t
his
plan
t.
Gro
ws
in s
unny
fore
sts
in lo
wla
nds
and
low
mou
ntai
ns.
Japa
n
Shik
otan
-hak
obe
Cary
ophy
llace
aeSt
ella
ria ru
scifo
liaIt
was
firs
t gat
here
d on
Shi
kota
n Is
land
inth
e K
urils
.G
row
s in
rock
y pl
aces
in h
igh
mou
ntai
nsan
d on
the
coas
t. En
dang
ered
spe
cies
II(V
ulne
rabl
e).
Kur
il Is
land
s, N
orth
ern
Japa
n
Tsuk
ushi
kara
mat
suRa
nunc
ulac
eae
Thal
ictru
m k
iusi
anum
Unk
now
n.It
is s
aid
to b
e a
cros
sbre
ed o
f mur
asak
i-ka
ram
atsu
(Tha
lictr
um u
chiy
amai
) and
Yaku
shim
a-ka
ram
atsu
(Tha
lictr
umfil
amen
tosu
m v
ar. y
akus
imen
se).
Unk
now
n
Jinj
iso
Saxi
frag
acea
eSa
xifr
aga
cort
usae
folia
Jinj
i mea
ns “t
he ch
arac
ter
of ji
n (h
uman
)”as
its
peta
ls lo
ok li
ke th
e Ch
ines
ech
arac
ter.
Gro
ws
in m
ount
ains
and
val
leys
.Pe
renn
ial.
Sout
hwes
tern
Jap
an
Yam
ahah
ako
Com
posi
tae
Anap
halis
mar
garit
acea
It s
tand
s fo
r hah
ako-
gusa
in th
e m
ount
ains
(yam
a). H
ahak
o de
scri
bes
the
stan
ding
papp
i.
Gro
ws
in a
ny p
lace
, typ
ical
ly o
n ro
adsi
des.
Nor
th A
mer
ica,
Asi
a
Hag
iLe
gum
inos
aeLe
sped
eza
sp.
It m
eans
“gro
win
g sp
rout
” as
it sp
rout
s ou
tof
old
stu
bs.
Gro
ws
in m
ount
ains
and
fiel
ds. R
esis
tant
to d
ryne
ss a
nd e
xpos
ure.
Fro
ntie
r pla
nt.
Unk
now
n
Ezos
hiog
ama
Scro
phal
aria
ceae
Pedi
cula
ris y
ezoe
nsis
Ezo
is th
e ol
d na
me
for H
okka
ido,
shio
gam
a m
eans
“bri
ne p
an.”
Gro
ws
in g
rass
land
s in
alp
ine
area
s.N
orth
Hon
shu
and
Sout
h H
okka
ido
Japa
n
Him
esha
gaIr
idac
eae
Iris
gra
cilip
esH
ime
refe
rs to
sm
alln
ess.
The
sha
pe o
f the
plan
t loo
ks li
ke a
sha
ga (c
rest
ed ir
is) b
utsm
alle
r.
Gro
ws
on m
ount
ain
slop
es. N
ear
thre
aten
ed s
peci
es.
Hon
shu
faci
ng to
Sea
of J
apan
Shag
aIr
idac
eae
Iris
japo
nica
The
Chin
ese
nam
e fo
r “fo
ldin
g fa
n” a
s th
ele
af re
sem
bles
one
.G
row
s on
dam
p fo
rest
floo
rs. T
ripl
oid
and
does
not
pro
duce
see
ds. S
omet
imes
gro
ws
greg
ario
usly
.
Chi
na
Shak
unag
eEr
icac
eae
Rhod
oden
dron
deg
roni
anum
ssp
.he
ptam
erum
The
Chin
ese
nam
e of
a d
iffer
ent p
lant
was
give
n to
this
pla
nt b
y m
ista
ke.
Gro
ws
alon
g st
ream
s an
d on
gor
ge w
alls
deep
insi
de m
ount
ains
. Eve
rgre
en s
hrub
.C
hina
, Jap
an
Hot
arub
ukur
o�w
hite
)Ca
mpa
nula
ceae
Cam
panu
la p
unct
ata
var.
punc
tata
It m
eans
“fir
efly
bag
” as
child
ren
used
the
flow
er to
wra
p fir
eflie
s.Pe
renn
ial.
Gro
ws
in fi
elds
and
mou
ntai
ns.
Som
e va
riet
ies
grow
on
isla
nds.
Eas
t Asi
a, J
apan
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