8-30-2015 presentation
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with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
Human journey a quest for knowledge 20:114 "O my Lord! advance me in knowledge."
2 Today
Stars 300 M
Galaxies 1 B
13 B Years
51:47 We constructed the universe with power, and We are expanding it.
Sun 25K light years from the center Yellow paints area where Space Telescope Kepler is looking for habitable planets.
100K Light Years
Creation of Time – 5 B years ago
21:33. It is He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; each floating in an orbit.
Cosmic time 4.5 B years to form the earth
40:57. Certainly the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of humanity, but most people do not know.
Geologic Time 100 million years ago
13:3. And it is He who spread the earth, and placed in it mountains and rivers. And He placed in it two kinds of every fruit. He causes the night to overlap the day. In that are signs for people who reflect.
Parchment radiocarbon dated to between 568 and 645
Evolution of writing 1. Clay tablets 2. Papyrus (from plant) 3. Parchment (sheep, goat) 4. Paper (from pulp)
Geologic Time in millions of years
21:30. Do the disbelievers not see that the heavens and the earth were one mass, and We tore them apart? And We made from water every living thing. Will they not believe?
Birth and Death of Stars
2.8 Billion Years
Too hot for life
36:38. And the sun runs towards its destination.
Planet resides in the its solar system, about 500 light-years from Earth. 4 companion planets orbit it, a star half the size of our sun.
The star is classified as red dwarf
Habitable Planet Like Earth
36: 40. The sun is not to overtake the moon, nor is the night to outpace the day. Each floats in an orbit.
Written History starts at 3000 BC with invention of writing
3000 BC 0 AD 2000 AD 10000 BC
3000 years 2000 years
Stone Age 2.5 M to 3000 BC
5000 BC
Human Time in thousands of years
Invention of the plow, wheel, writing (to count the crops), and pots (to store food)
Rosetta Stone Cuneiform Pottery: alphabet of Archaeologists
"Priest King" statue
2500 – 1500 BC
Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley
Harrappan Civilization
Aryan Invasion
Asoka
0 3000 BC 2000 BC 1000 BC
Alexander
Chandra Gupta Maurya
326
558 Zoroaster in Persia 563-483 Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) 551-479 Confucius 550 -520 Lao-Tzu 540-468 Mahavira (teacher) 459 Socrates 400 Plato 350 Aristotle
800-600 Upanishads in India
1200-800 Vedas in India – no founder
1375 Akhenaton introduces monotheism in Egypt 1790 Code of Hammurabi 1800 Egyptian belief in afterlife
Ten Commandments. Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards of behavior
Epicureanism Epicurus 324-270 BC free the body from pain and free the mind from fear avoid excess no life after death so no fear. Stoicism Zeno 336-260 BC Universe controlled by a universal law: virtue of duty reason & courage
Abraham lived 1812 BCE to 1637 BCE Moses corresponding to 1391–1271 BCE
Big Bang of Religion Pre history Animism, paganism, no textbooks
Noah
1000 BC 0 AD 3000 BC
Moses Jesus
Abraham
2000 BC
Biblical Prophets
Isaac
Jacob (Israel) Joseph
Ishmael Hagar
27 Prophets in the Koran 1. Musa (176 times) - Moses is mentioned most often in the Koran. 2. Ibrahim (69 times) – Abraham - Surah 3. Isa (25 times) 'Al-Masih'(11 times) and Ibn Maryam(23 times) – Jesus - Surah on Marium 4. Yaqub (16 times) Isra'il is also mentioned about 43 times - Jacob 5. Nuh (48 times) – Noah - Surah 6. Yusuf (27 times) – Joseph - Surah 7. Adam (25 times) - Adam 8. Lut (27 times) - Lot 9. Hud (25 times) – Surah 10. Harun (20 times) - Aaron 11. Sulayman (17 times) - Solomon 12. Ishaq (17 times) - Issac 13. Dawud (16 times) - David 14. Ismail (12 times) - Ishmael 15. Shuayb (10 times) 16. Saleh (9 times) 17. Zakariyya (7 times) 18. Yahya (5 times) - John 19. Muhammad (5 times: 3:144, 33:40, 47:2, 48:29 and Ahmed in 61:6) - Surah 20. Al-Yasa' (6:86 and 38:48) - Elisha 21. Ayub (4:163, 6:84, 21:83, 38:41) - Job 22. Dhul-Kifl (21:85, 38:48) - Ezekiel 23. Ilyas (6:85, 37:123 and maybe 37:130) - Elijah 24. Idris (19:56, 21:85) - Enoh 25. Uzayr (9:30) - 26. Yunus (4:163, 6:86, 10:98, 37:139) – Jonah - Surah 27. Luqman (31:12,31:13) - Surah
1000 500 500 1000 0
Holy Books
Judaism Christianity Islam
Taoism Zoroastrianism
Sikhism Mormon
Bahai
Hinduism
35
Growth by conversion per year is insignificant
2.2B
1.6B
1.1B
.5B Less than 0.12%
Less than 0.06%
Sikhs 23,738,500
Jews 14,824,000
Spiritists 13,732,600
Daoists (Taoists) 8,429,100
Baha’is 7,337,000
Confucianists 6,516,790
Jains 5,276,500
Shintoists 2,772,000
Zoroastrians 178,580
-2760 -2750 to -1500 -2600 to -2480 -1700 to -1400 -1550 -1530 to -323
-1250 -530 to -460 -500 to 164 -477 to -438 -214 -200 to 200
-100 to 300 -15 to 14 70 to 82 118 to 126 315
-2760
Peoples that had come and gone before 600
39 with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
Pre Islamic Arabia around 570 AD
Khyber
Tabuk
Hunayn
Harshe Vardhan 606-647 Heung Tsang 629
Taxila Purushapura
Christian Kingdoms of Abyssinia
Byzantine – Christianity state religion Sassanian – Zoroastrianism state religion
Harshe Vardhan (post Gupta – mostly Buddhism & Hinduism)
Constantine - Edict of Milan - then Justinian
18
2 ft 5
in h
igh
102 ft 6 in diameter
44
Scriptural religions: divinely inspired with revealed scripture: Christianity (state religion), Judaism & Zoroastrianism (state religion) Non-scriptural religions Animism/Polytheism Sanctuaries & Shrines
Shrines served Arab tribes who did not believe in monotheism.
False Gods 1. Al-Lat (53:19) 2. Al-Uzza (53:19) ... 3. Manat (53:20) 4. Wadd (71:23) 5. Suwa (71:23) 6. Yaghuth (71:23) 7. Yauq (71:23) 8. Nasr (71:23) 9. Baal (37:125)
Jesus Christ 3 ½ years of preaching
Sifting through archaeological and historical records No hard evidence exists Everything we know about him was written by people who never actually met him Earliest letters describing him were written by Paul who converted after his death Gospels were composed decades later Christianity transformed from a small Jewish sect to a world religion
Born 6 or 4 BC In Bethlehem
Raised in Nazareth
began his public teaching and display of miracles 3.5 years
Cousin John the Baptist, baptizes him in the Jordan River Going into the wilderness for forty days
Jesus as the risen Christ (Greek for Messiah)
Matthew 17:1-13 17 And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, 2 And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. 3 And, behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elias talking with him. 4 Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. 5 While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him. 6 And when the disciples heard it, they fell on their face, and were sore afraid. 7 And Jesus came and touched them, and said, Arise, and be not afraid. 8 And when they had lifted up their eyes, they saw no man, save Jesus only.
The Nicene Creed I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.
30. The Jews said, "Ezra is the son of God," and the Christians said, "The Messiah is the son of God." These are their statements, out of their mouths. They emulate the statements of those who blasphemed before. May God assail them! How deceived they are!
50 with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
Abbasids (300 years) Baghdad 750-1050
Umayyads (100 years) Damascus 660 to 750
History of Islam - history of the Quraish
Hamza Abu Talib Abu Lahab
Ali
570 to 632
1 2 3 4 5
Banu Abd-Shams Banu Hashim
Yazid
Profile of the Last Messenger of Allah
570 Born in Mecca - father Abdullah died before his birth Halima raised him in the desert till he was 6 576 Mother Aminah died when he was 6 Under care of grandfather Abd Al-Muttalib till he was 8 578 Under care of uncle Abu Talib till he was 50 595 Married Khatija when he was 25 she was 40 610 Cave of Hira start of revelation 613 Public preaching (615 followers migrate to Ethiopia) 620 Abu Talib died and so did Khatija 622 Hijra to Yatrib later renamed Medina at age 52 632 Passed away at age 62
Muslim Sources
Muslim City State & community in Medina
622 Start of a Muslim community (ummah) 623 Raids on Meccan caravans – Nakhla raid. Qibla change. Jumah 624 Badr - Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa from Medina 625 Uhad - Banū Naḍīr banished to Khayber 626 Expedition of Banu Mustaliq 627 Khandaq - Qurayẓah men executed women & children enslaved 628 Treaty of Hudaybiyya with Meccans - Khayber and jizyah enacted 629 Umrah to Mecca, raid into Christian lands at Muta 630 Conquest of Mecca, cleanse the Kaaba. Hunain, Aswad retained. 631 Return to Medina and expedition to Tabuk 632 Pilgrimage and farewell sermon to Mecca, death in Medina
Muslim Sources
55 with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
Muhammad is no more than a messenger. Messengers have passed on before him. If he dies or gets killed, will you turn on your heels?
Abu Bakr 632 AD
Khalifat rasul allah
Khulafa Rashidun (Rightly Guided Caliphs – Sunni view - 632 to 661) Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddiq born 573 (632-4) “Khalifat rasul allah”- father in law
Wars of Ridda apostasy and breakaway of tribes False prophets defeated: Musailama, Tulaiha Asadi, Laqait and Aswad Ansi
Umar ibn Al-Khattab Al-Faruq born 581 (634-44) “Amir al-muminin” – father in law Expanded empire ruling the whole Sasanian Empire and 2/3 of the Byzantine Empire (Iran, Egypt, Palestine) – Yarmouk, Qadisiya, true religion believers
Uthman ibn Affan born 577 (644-56) – son in law Migrated to Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia) in 614–615 Produced official edition of Koran in 650 Favored relatives, mostly late converts to Islam Revolt against him, killed.
Ali born 600 chosen in Medina (656 to 661) – son in law and cousin Muawiya (in Syria) opposes him – first civil war of Quraish tribe 656-661 Aisha, Talha, Zubayr oppose him:
Defeated by Ali at the Battle of the Camel (656) Battle of Siffin: Ali vs Muawiya (657); arbitration Kharijites secede from Ali / reject both Ali and Muawiya
Defeated by Ali at Nahrawand (658) Spends most of his reign in conflict with other Muslims, moved the capital from
Medina to Kufa Assassinated by Khariji (661)
First Four Caliphs – All relatives (30 years)
59 with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
Muawiya (661-80) , Abu Sufyan’s son becomes the sole Caliph. Hasan’s abdication. “Khalifat allah” Moves capital to Damascus models his government’ along Byzantine Empire lines Designated son Yazid as successor: beginning of hereditary “monarchy”.
Yazid (680-3) second civil war Husain rebelled, killed at Karbala (680) – 20 years after death of Ali
Marwan (684-5) Abd al-Malik (685-705) made Arabic the common language – emphasis on Islam
Dome of the Rock caliphate reached its peak 691 Walid I (705-15) Great Mosque Of Damascus – 711 Sind to Samarkand to Spain Sulayman (715-7) Umar II b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz (717-20) Yazid II (720-24) Hisham (724-43) Muslim advance into France halted at Poitiers (732) Walid II (743-4) Yazid III (744) Ibrahim (744) Marwan II (744-50) after 750 core of revolution was shia
The Umayyad Dynasty 660-750 (90 years)
Expansion under the Umayyads
Majority was conquered in the first 30 years - great expansion was military and political, not religious; conversion to Islam was discouraged as it reduced taxes on non-Muslims.
705 691
Umayyads Advance
Umayyads Advance
The Abbasids 750-1050 (300 years)
The Abbasid dynasty descended from uncle, uncle Abbas (566–653 CE). Moved capital to Baghdad after taking over from the Umayyads in 750 CE Increasing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah. A new version of sunni caliphate Forced to cede control over Al-Andalus and Maghreb to the Umayyads, Morocco to the Idrisid dynasty, Ifriqiya to the Aghlabids, and Egypt to the Shi'ite Caliphate of the Fatimids. Baghdad became a center of science, culture, philosophy and invention during the Golden Age of Islam. Written collections of Hadith (sayings of the Prophet) are compiled 800 AD Political power of the caliphs ended with the rise of the Buyids and the Seljuq Turks. This period of cultural fruition ended in 1258 with the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan. The Abbasid line of rulers, and Muslim culture in general, re-centered themselves in the Mamluk capital of Cairo in 1261. Though lacking in political power, the dynasty continued to claim authority in religious matters until after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt (1517).
End of Arab Caliphate
908 First Fatimid caliph in Tunisia
928 Umayyad Abd ar-Rahman III declares himself caliph in Cordoba
945 The Buyids (Persian) invade Baghdad and take power from caliph
1055 Seljuk Turks take Baghdad; Abbasids now only nominal rulers.
Loss of area
Loss of area
73
with humility & intellectual modesty & minimum bias
AGENDA Time Topic 3:00 World before 600 AD Pre-Islamic Arabia Period of Revelation 610 to 632 Spread of Islam during 1st Four Khalifas 4:00 Break 4:10 Umayyads & Abbasids Message of the Koran 5:00 Wrap up & discussion
The Clot Mecca 1
The Pen Mecca 2
The Mantled One Mecca 3
The Clothed One Mecca 4
The Opening Mecca 5
The Flame Mecca 6
The Cessation Mecca 7
The Most High Mecca 8
The Night Mecca 9
The Dawn Mecca 10
The Early Hours Mecca 11
The Expansion Mecca 12
Time Mecca 13
The Assaulters Mecca 14
Abundance Mecca 15
Worldly Gain Mecca 16
The Daily Necessaries Mecca 17
The Unbelievers Mecca 18
The Elephant Mecca 19
The Daybreak Mecca 20
Mankind Mecca 21
Purity (of Faith) Mecca 22
The Star Mecca 23
He Frowned Mecca 24
The Majesty Mecca 25
The Sun Mecca 26
The Constellations Mecca 27
The Fig Mecca 28
The Quraish Mecca 29
The Terrible Calamity Mecca 30
The Resurrection Mecca 31
The Slanderer Mecca 32
The Emissaries Mecca 33
Qaf Mecca 34
The City Mecca 35
The Night-Comer Mecca 36
The Moon Mecca 37
Sad Mecca 38
The Elevated Places Mecca 39
The Jinn Mecca 40
Ya Sin Mecca 41
The Criterion Mecca 42
The Creator Mecca 43
Mary Mecca 44
Ta Ha Mecca 45
That Which is Coming Mecca 46
The Poets Mecca 47
The Ant Mecca 48
The Narrative Mecca 49
The Israelites Mecca 50
Jonah Mecca 51
Hud Mecca 52
Joseph Mecca 53
The Rock Mecca 54
The Cattle Mecca 55
The Rangers Mecca 56
Lukman Mecca 57
Sheba Mecca 58
The Companies Mecca 59
The Forgiving One Mecca 60
Ha Mim Mecca 61
The Counsel Mecca 62
The Embellishment Mecca 63
The Evident Smoke Mecca 64
The Kneeling Mecca 65
The Sandhills Mecca 66
The Scatterers Mecca 67
The Overwhelming Calamity Mecca 68
The Cave Mecca 69
The Bee Mecca 70
Noah Mecca 71
Abraham Mecca 72
The Prophets Mecca 73
The Believers Mecca 74
The Adoration Mecca 75
The Mountain Mecca 76
The Kingdom Mecca 77
The Inevitable Mecca 78
The Ladders Mecca 79
The Tidings Mecca 80
Those Who Pulled Out Mecca 81
The Cleaving Asunder Mecca 82
The Rending Mecca 83
The Romans Mecca 84
The Spider Mecca 85
The Defrauders Mecca 86
Meccan Suras = 86 – 60% - 6K ayats
The Cow Madina 87
The Spoils of War Madina 88
The Family of 'Imran Madina 89
The Allies Madina 90
She Who is Tested Madina 91
Women Madina 92
The Shaking Madina 93
The Iron Madina 94
Muhammad Madina 95
The Thunder Madina 96
The Merciful Madina 97
The Time Madina 98
The Divorce Madina 99
The Proof Madina 100
The Exile Madina 101
The Light Madina 102
The Pilgrimage Madina 103
The Hypocrites Madina 104
She Who Pleaded Madina 105
The Chambers Madina 106
The Prohibition Madina 107
The Cheating Madina 108
The Ranks Madina 109
The Day of Congregation Madina 110
The Victory Madina 111
The Table Madina 112
Repentance Madina 113
The Help Madina 114
Madinan Suras =28 – 40%
Eternal word of God – message transmitted through the angel Gabriel Revelation started in 610 and lasted 22 years (12 in Mecca & 10 in Medina)
Belief in oneness & omnipotence of God – creator of the world and everything in it Worship of one god and rejection of idol worship and false gods or partners Regular prayer, almsgiving and chartable treatment of poor, widows and orphans Guidelines for righteous living Humility in all one’s affairs Observance of modesty in dress and interaction (no ostentation) Need to actively work for good and stand up against evil Injunctions, pilgrimage, fasting, forgiveness and mercy of God Warning that only through devotion to one God (Allah) and through righteous observance of the revealed religion can humans attain salvation in afterlife Last judgment Those who live righteously will go to heaven and those who don’t would go to hellfire Stories of earlier prophets who brought God’s message and served as models of righteous conduct Text is addressed to “believers” O you who believe…
Koran - recitation
Components of the Koran
45%
25%
15%
7%
8% Belief
Day of Judgement
Story of prophets
God
Guidelines / Prohibitions
Genesis from the Bible
And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.
Genesis In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. ….Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. Koran 38. We created the heavens and the earth and what is between them in six days, and no fatigue touched Us.
Adam in the Koran He created him from dust, then said to him, "Be," and he was. It is He who gives life and death; and when He decides on a thing, He just says to it, "Be," and it comes to be 39: 6. He created you from one person, then made from it its mate, and brought down livestock for you-eight kinds in pairs. 50. We said to the angels, "Bow down to Adam." So they bowed down, except for Satan. He was of the jinn, and he defied the command of his Lord. Will you take him and his offspring as lords instead of Me, when they are an enemy to you? Evil is the exchange for the wrongdoers.
Fall of Man in the Bible Eve is tempted by the serpent to eat from the tree of knowledge (right or wrong). God evicts them. To Adam God says “Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.”
No Original Sin In Islam Koran only mentions Adam by name and calls it a Garden (not of Eden) Satan shows Adam the tree of immortality (or one that would make him an angel) They taste the tree and their bodies become visible to them Adam disobeyed God and was expelled to earth where he would live and die But God pardoned him and told him to wait for guidance from me, follow it and don’t go astray 25. He said, "In it you will live, and in it you will die, and from it you will be brought out.“ 38. We said, "Go down from it, all of you. Yet whenever guidance comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My guidance-they have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve.
Torah (Old Testament) Names Adam’s sons Abel & Cain. Adam also has another son Seth. In Seth’s descendents is Noah. Farmer Cain kills shepherd Abel after his animal offering to God is not accepted. And his fruit offering is rejected. God cursed Cain
Koran on First Murder Adam has 2 sons (unnamed) One son’s offering is accepted by God and the other’s isn’t The soul of the one whose offering was not accepted prompts him to kill his brother God sent a raven to show him burial (burial rites not explained in Koran)
Genesis 9:21-25 21 And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.
22 And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without.
23 And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.
24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him.
25 And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
Noah in Bible
Whenever I called them to Your forgiveness, they thrust their fingers into their ears, and wrapped themselves in their garments, and insisted, and became more and more arrogant.
23. And they said, "Do not give up your gods; do not give up Wadd, nor Souwa, nor Yaghoos, and Yaooq, and Nassr.
26. Noah said, "My Lord, do not leave of the unbelievers a single dweller on earth. 27. If You leave them, they will mislead your servants, and will breed only wicked unbelievers. 64. But they called him a liar. So We saved him and those with him in the Ark, and We drowned those who rejected Our revelations. They were blind people.
27. So We inspired him: "Build the Ark under Our observation and by Our inspiration. And when Our decree comes to pass, and the oven boils over, load into it two pairs of every kind, together with your family, except those of them against whom the word has already been pronounced. And do not speak to me concerning those who did wrong; for they are to be drowned."
Noah in the Koran
Biblical Abraham chosen by God
Biblical story is one of prejudice, exile and suffering
Genesis 22:1-19 22 And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am. 2 And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of.
Ibrahim the Hanif - Khalil Allah God chose Adam, Noah, Abraham … Azar his father worshipped idols - tries to convince him Demolished the statues except the biggest one They tried to burn him but God cooled the fire Leaves his father and his people Miracle birth of Isaac Built the Kaaba with Ishamel in Bekka’ ; Station of Abraham Pilgrimage 4 birds story illustration of God giving life after death Dream of son’s sacrifice Ishmael cooperates – not mentioned by name
False Gods 1. Al-Lat (53:19) 2. Al-Uzza (53:19) ... 3. Manat (53:20)
Moses in the Bible
Exodus 3:2-4 2 And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. 3 And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt.
4 And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I.
Moses most mentioned in the Koran
28:30. When he reached it, he was called from the right side of the valley, at the Blessed Spot, from the bush: "O Moses, it is I, God, the Lord of the Worlds. 31. Throw down your staff." And when he saw it wiggling, as if it were possessed, he turned his back to flee, and did not look back. "O Moses, come forward, and do not fear, you are perfectly safe. 32. Put your hand inside your pocket, and it will come out white, without blemish. And press your arm to your side, against fear. These are two proofs from your Lord, to Pharaoh and his dignitaries. They are truly sinful people."
And to Ad their brother Hud The story of Hud is mentioned several times in the Quran 46:21-26, 7:65-72, 11:50-60, and 26:123-140. The 11th Surah is named after him Ad people's wealth ultimately proved to be their failure, as they became arrogant and forsook God and began to adopt idols for worship. The wind which carries the grievous punishment! It will destroy everything at the bidding of its Lord. " So in the morning there was nothing but their empty dwellings to be seen.”
Koran makes no reference to the location of Ad Denied God’s warning
People of Lut brother Lut 7:80-84; 11:63-83; 15:57-77; 25:160-175; 25: 54-58; 29: 26, 28-35; 37: 133-138; 51:31-37; 54: 33-39; 66:10. Nephew of Abraham. He migrated with Abraham to Canaan People of Lut - men had sex with men No explicit ban on sexual orientation Wife left behind (like Noah’s)
And to Thamud their brother Saleh The life of the Prophet Saleh is described in passages of the Quran: 7:73-78,11:61-68, 26:141-159, and 27:45-53.
He is mentioned nine times throughout the Koran and his people are frequently referenced as a wicked community who, because of their sins, were ultimately destroyed. Once again, the people of Thamud, deviated from the right path and started to worship idols, and once again, Allah the Most Merciful decided to send them a prophet from amongst themselves to guide them back to the right path. This prophet was Prophet Saleh. A terrible earthquake came by night preceded by a mighty blast in the sky. The explosion struck their community and, in a matter of minutes, the people were buried in the ruins of their own homes
To Median their brother Shuaib He is mentioned in the Quran a total of 11 times Parallel with other prophets The prophet would be sent to his community; the community would pay no attention to his warning and would instead threaten him with punishment; God would ask him to leave his community and his people would be subsequently destroyed by a mighty earthquake Koran does not have a timeline Madian – Moses also went there
No compulsion in religion Simple No need for violence Self defense Sakina – spirit of peace Righteousness Renewal vs reform - simplicity Compassion All religions say the same thing (except manmade items: Infallibility, Hate speech) Surah 1 verse 256. Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks. And Allah heareth and knoweth all things. God does not weigh a person down with a load the person cannot bear – Surah 1 verse 286. On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than it can bear. It gets every good that it earns, and it suffers every ill that it earns. Islam also has a short cut or a shorter straight path – if you do not commit big sins the small ones are overlooked ! Surah 53 verse 32. Those who avoid great sins and shameful deeds, only (falling into) small faults,- verily thy Lord is ample in forgiveness. Surah 4 verse 31. If ye (but) eschew the most heinous of the things which ye are forbidden to do, We shall expel out of you all the evil in you, and admit you to a gate of great honor.
He speaks to us through the Koran
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reaI6BpKi-c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reaI6BpKi-c
Day of Judgment
Trumpet will be blown twice – all relationships end Natural convulsion, tombs strewn around People will rise up from their graves (resurrected) in a twinkling of the eye Assigned angel and driver will arrive to take souls and escort them (envoys never fail – will reclaim you) 1. If you have been good they will take your soul gently 2. If you have been bad they will take it violently
Those who did good – their faces radiant - laughing Those who did bad – faces blackened and blind - remorseful Book of deeds: Sijjeen for sins Elliyeen for good deeds
Day of Judgment – scales are just
Your hands will speak and you r feet will testify – mouth will be sealed No secret remains hidden
Fully compensated
Atom’s weight of good & evil
9:72 God promises the believers men and women 9:23 Everlasting Gardens which they will enter, along with their righteous parents, spouses, and their descendents How excellent is the Final Home
What will get you into heaven?
5 pillars obviously Good deeds cancel bad deeds Avoid major prohibitions (few listed)
prohibitions on food & drink, gambling usury, inheritance, prohibited relationships, and property of orphans
Simple Message of the Koran Follow the straight path so we weigh the scales • Humility - respect for people and differences in beliefs • Non materialism – non attachment to possessions – temporary life • No hoarding • Wealth and possessions shared zeenat of dunya • No Anger – but forgiveness • No Pride – but humility and simplicity • No Deceitfulness – but openness • No Greed – but contentment Prayer should be focused on the hereafter and break the attachment to worldly dunya – free one’s soul - Fasting – self control and clear the mind of clutter Social welfare with means and in person Pilgrimage Happiness 62:10. And when the Prayer is finished, then may ye disperse through the land, and seek of the Bounty of Allah. and celebrate the Praises of Allah often (and without stint): that ye may prosper.
Middle Path Moderation
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