7.1 cell intro
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Chapter 7.1 Cells
Image credit: Sibi on Flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/beebee/200316216/in/set-72057594081382862/
Goal 1:
Explain the Cell theory and its evolution
• Cell Theory
1. All living things composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
• Robert Hooke 1665– Microscope – First to observe cells
Image credit: PD-govhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hooke_Microscope-03000276-FIG-4.jpg
Image credit: Martin LaBar on Flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/martinlabar/66177481/
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674
– Single-celled Protista
Image credit: Dr. Ralf Wagner on wikipedia commonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chaos_diffluens.jpg
• Matthias Schleiden 1838– All plants are made up of cells
Image credit: PD-personalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Matthias_Jacob_Schleiden.jpg
• Theodore Schwann 1839 – Animals are made up of cells
Image credit: PD-oldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schwann_Theodore.jpg
• Rudolph Virchow 1855 – New cells from division of existing cells
Image credit: PD-oldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rudolf_Virchow_by_Hugo_Vogel,_1861.JPG
Image credit: PD-oldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Telophase.jpg
• Cell Theory
1. All living things composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
Goal 2:
Discuss how researchers explore the living cell
1. Modern light microscopes
– Fluorescent “labels”– Molecules
Image credit: PD-govhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FluorescentCells.jpg
2. Confocal light microscopes
– lasers– High resolution – 3-D images
Image credit: Pawel Jasnos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tetrachimena_Beta_Tubulin.png
Tubulin protein marked in Tetrachimena sp.
3. High resolution video– Movies of cell activities
Image credit: PD-gov
http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div842/Gp4/Tweezers/Images/Liposomefusion.jpg
Video of liposome fusion
4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)– Beams of electrons are passed through a
thin slice of an object– Objects too small for light microscopes
Image credit: PD-personal by Allonweiner
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bacillus_subtilis.jpg
TEM image of Bacterium Bacillus subtilis
5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
– Beams of electrons scanned over surface of an object
– 3-D images
Image credit: PD-personal by Dartmouth Electron Microscope Facility
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Misc_pollen.jpgPollen Grains
6. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)– Scans objects with probe – 3-D image– Open air with samples in solution– Probes are needles with a tip of one atom (wow! That’s
small!)
Goal 3:
Distinguish between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
• Characteristics of ALL cells
– Surrounded by a cell membrane
– Genetic information in the form of DNA
Image credit: Ah Pao on Flickr
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ah_pao/2590858936/
• Prokaryotes– No nucleus– Simple– Small– Single cell
organisms– Bacteria
Image credit: Nutloaf on Flickr
http://flickr.com/photos/83371410@N00/1644090403
Salomonella bacteria invades a human cell
Image credit: PD-personal LadyofHats on wikipedia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Prokaryote_cell_(temp_PNG).png
• Eukaryotes– Contain nucleus!! – Complex, organelles– Large– Single-celled or multi-cellular
Image credit: PD-personal LadyofHats on wikipedia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Animal_cell_structure_en.svg
Image credit: Wenche Eikrem and Jahn Throndsen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ostreococcus_RCC143.jpg
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