6570567 61 types-of-nutrition
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6 NUTRITION6 NUTRITION
What is Nutrition?What is Nutrition?
The entire process by which organism obtain energy from food for growth, maintenance and repair of damaged tissues
Nutrient – the substances that are required for the nourishment of an organism
6.1 Type of Nutrition6.1 Type of Nutrition
Two main types:1. Autotrophic2. Heterotrophic
1. Autotrophic 1. Autotrophic
A process in which organisms synthesise organic substances from inorganic substances
Autotroph = Auto – self, trophos – feed (organism which can make their own food)
The source of energy for synthesising food can be either light energy or chemical energy.
The synthesis of food using light energy – photosynthesis (photo – light)
Photoautotroph – organisms which produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight as a source of energy
Example: green plants
The synthesis of food using chemical energy – chemosynthesis (chemo – chemical)
Chemoautotroph – organisms which synthesise organic compound by oxidising inorganic compound (hydrogen sulphide and ammonia)
Example: certain bacteria (Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp.)
2. Heterotrophic2. Heterotrophic
A type of nutrition in which organism obtain energy through the intake and digestion of organic substances.
Heterotroph =Hetero – other, trophos – feed (organism that cannot synthesis their own nutrients but obtain the nutrients from other organisms)
They may practice a) Holozioc nutrition, b) Saprophytism c) Parasitism
- holo –like, zoon – animal- The organism feeds by ingesting
solid organic matter which is subsequently digested and absorbed into their bodies
- Examples: humans, herbivores, carnivores and some carnivorous pitcher plants and Venus fly-traps
a) Holozoic nutritiona) Holozoic nutrition
- The organism called saprophytes- Feed on dead and decaying
organic matter- Digest their food externally
before absorbing the nutrients into their bodies
- Examples: bacteria, fungi
b) Saprophytismb) Saprophytism
- The organism called parasite- Obtain nutrient from living on
(ectoparasites) or in (endoparasites) the body of another living organism (host)
- They absorbs readily digested food from its host
- Examples: fleas (ectoparasites), lice, worms (endoparasites), Rafflesia plant
c) Parasitismc) Parasitism
Test YourselfTest Yourself
1. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
A: Autotrophic nutrition – A process in which organisms synthesise organic substances from inorganic substances Heterotrophic nutrition - A type of nutrition in which organism obtain energy through the intake and digestion of organic substances.
2. Name two types of autotrophic nutrition.
A: Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
Test YourselfTest Yourself
3. Name three types of heterotrophic nutrition.
A: Holozoic nutrition, saprophytism and parasitism
Test YourselfTest Yourself
4. Name the nutritional habits of the following organisms;a) Pitcher plants
A: holozoic nutritionb) Green algae
A: photosynthesisd) Tapeworm
A: parasitism
Test YourselfTest Yourself
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