398893_634102818292738750
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DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSSports goods
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OUTLINE
Sports
Type of sports
Sports goods
Sports industry in Pakistan
Pakistan major exports
Sports goods export trend
Football production in Pakistan
Sports industry in Sialkot city
Major exporters of sports goods in
Sialkot
Global soccer ball industry
Major importers of sports goods
Sialkot dry port exports table for 2010
Sports industry and child labor
Sports industry and enviourment
Sports industry and electricity
Conclusion
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SPORTS
A sport is commonly defined as an organized, competitive, and skillful
physical activity requiring commitment and fair play. It is governed by a set
of rules or customs. In a sport the key factors are the physical capabilities
and skills of the competitor when determining the outcome (winning or
losing).
The physical activity involves the movement of people, animals and/or a
variety of objects such as balls and machines
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TYPE OF SPORTS
Stacking
Wall-and-ball
Water sports
Ball Sports
Weightlifting
Card Games
Athletics (track and field)
Bat-and-ball
Bowling
Climbing
Gymnastics
Hockey
Motorcycle racing
Olympic Sports
Polo
Cricket
Cycling
Fishing
Football
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SPORTS GOODS
Sports equipment is a general term for any object used for sport or exercise
Sports goods include
Balls
Goals
Flying Discs
Sticks, Bats and Clubs
Wickets and Bases
Nets
Rods and Tackle
Protective Equipment
Footwear
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SPORT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan is a giant exporter of sports goods".
Most of the well-known sports companies like,
Adidas
Nike
get sports equipment prepared in Pakistan.
In Pakistan, Sialkot is the sports industrial hub. About 99% of sports goods,
exported by Pakistan, are prepared in Sialkot
Pakistan, once, was one of the biggest exporters of footballs. Even, Pakistan
supplied footballs for FIFA world cup as well.
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PAKISTAN'S MAJOR EXPORTS (JUL-MAR) [%
SHARE}
Cotton
61.5% 61.3%
Others22.8% 15.6%
Sports Goods
1.6% 3.7%
Synthetic Textiles
3.0% 6.1%
Rice6.6% 5.6%
Leather
4.5% 7.7%
2006-07 1996-97
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SPORTS GOODSSPORTS GOODSValue in 000 US$
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$231,956$229,225
$211,766
$193,901
$170,000
$180,000
$190,000
$200,000
$210,000
$220,000
$230,000
$240,000
JULY-MAR 03-04 JULY-MAR 04-05 JULY-MAR 05-06 JULY-MAR 06-07
Valu (' ')
SPORTS GOODS(JUL-MAR 03-04 TO JUL-MAR 06-07)
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Spo
rtsGoods
Spo
rtsGoods
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jul-Jun 03-04
Sep-Aug 03-04
Nov-Oct 03-04
Jan-Dec 04
Mar-Feb 04-05
May-Apr 04-05
Jul-Jun 04-05
Sep-Aug 04-05
Nov-Oct 04-05
Jan-Dec 05
Mar-Feb 05-06
May-Apr 05-06
July-June 05-06
Sep-Aug 05-06
Nov-Oct 05-06
Value"000"$
Line2
MOVINGANNUALCH
ARTUPTO
M
ARCH
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PAKISTAN EXPORTS PRODUCTS
8
P KIST NS EXPORTS
OTHER
OPPORTUNITI
ES
7%
OTHERS
16%
SURGICAL
2%
CARPETS
3%
SPORTS
3%
EATHER
7%
Rice
5%
Textile
67%
ProductsIT
Engineeringgoods
Fisheries
Fruit and Veg
Marble and
Granite
Gems and
Jewellery
Pharmaceuticals
Chemicals
Poultry
Services
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MAJOR EXPORTS SHARE
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MAJOR EXPORTS SHARE
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FOOT BALL PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
1970/71 1980/81 1990/91 2000/01 2003/04
Footballs
produced, in
millions
1,4 5,2 19,7 40-43 33-35
Number of
Football
stitchers
1.500-
2.000
5.000-
7.000
21.000-
25.000
50.000-
54.000
41.000-
44.000
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SPORTS INDUSTRY IN SIALKOT
Sialkot, Pakistan's export capital represents an economy and a breed of
entrepreneurs quite different from that nurtured by the state apparatus over
the years. Though Sialkot's roads and other infrastructure are
Primitive and choked, yet the culture of enterprise sported by this city and
its contribution to the national economy is unmatched by another city in the
country
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SIALKOT EXPORTS
years Sports goods Surgical goods Leather goods Total exports
1991-92 2,276 1826 1851 8695
1992-93 2475 2263 3920 10205
1993-94 4329 2382 4144 12837
1994-95 4718 2860 5769 16984
1995-96 5860 4196 7243 20428
1996-97 7261 4498 8745 24455
Source: Sialkot Dry Port Trust
Sialkot exports (in s. millions)
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SIALKOT EXPORTS
01000
2000
3000
4000
5000
60007000
8000
year 1991-
92
year 1992-
93
year 1993-
94
year 1994-
95
year 1995-
96
year 1996-
97
year 1991-92
year 1992-93
year 1993-94
year 1994-95
year 1995-96
year 1996-97
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SIALKOT AND SPORTS INDUSTRY
1994 is remembered in Sialkot as the year the city was selected for supplying the
official ball to the Football World Cup in the United States. It culminated a year of
frenetic activity as Sialkot's
Industry turned out over 20 million footballs to cater to the excitement created by the
publicity surrounding the event.
Exports of footballs doubled from Rs. 1.6 billion in 1992-93 to Rs. 3.2
billion in 1993-94.
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SIALKOT AND SPORTS INDUSTRY
In addition to top brands such as Adidas and Puma, major sports clubs
around the world sourced footballs from Sialkot
In 1998 Sialkot city again select for the supply of the footballs to the FIFA
world cup.
On the eve of the FIFA
Football World Cup 2006 to be held in Germanyfrom June 9, Sialkot has so far exported over 55.8 million footballs worth
more than Rs 8.5 billion.
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SIALKOT AND SPORTS INDUSTRY
According to business sources here, over 85 percent of the total production
of soccer balls in the world comes from Sialkot,
while all international brands are sourcing their supply of footballs from this
export-oriented city and nucleus of cottage industry In the country
Over 40 million balls worth US $ 210 million are produced annually by
some 60,000 highly skilled male and female workforce of Sialkot, a city
which enjoys a unique position in global trade with reference to sports
goods.
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SIALKOT AND SPORTS INDUSTRY
o There are over 3,000 small and medium sized sports goods
industrial units, and some 50 well established industries
functioning in and around Sialkot.
o The sports goods industry of Sialkot, producing quality goods
mainly for foreign markets, has over a century old history.
o
It is a labor-intensive industry providing direct and indirect job
opportunities to about 60,000 workers, while sub-contracting of
work on piece rate is a common practice, resulting in more jobs for
people.
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SIALKOT AND SPORTS INDUSTRY
In 2002, sports goods export from Sialkot worth to Rs 11,039
million, indicating a 16.91 percent increase in foreign exchange
earnings as compared to the previous year.
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MAJOR SPORTS INDUSTRIES IN SIALKOT
Saga Sports Pvt. Limited
Best way Industries
Roomaif
International
CA sports
AIA International
Ishaan sports
Malik sports
3DS TRADERS
5-ONE SPORTS
4CS SPORTS
3K SPORT INDUSTRIES
12X GARE SPORTS
2 GOOD SPORTS
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GLOBAL SOCCER BALL INDUSTRY TotalGlobal Trade US$ 817m (2005)
6 Brands Dominate (incl. Nike,Adidas,Asics,Mizuno,Mitre)
Four major producers:
y China (US$ 273M), Pakistan (US$ 186M), Thailand (US$ 60M), India
(US$23M)
y Clustering extensive
Pakistan Sialkot cluster
India Jalandhar cluster
China Dongguan, Shenzhen, Nanjing cluster, Wuxi cluster
Labour Standards Challengesy Pakistan, India Child Labour
y China overtime, migrant labour, working conditions, TUs
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THE CLUSTERS
Cluster Features Sialkot Jalandhar
Soccer Ball Producers 20 (Large)
50 (Medium)
400 (Small/Micro)
10 (Medium)
140 (Small/Micro)
Scale: Workers 30.000 Stitchers
2400 Subcontractors
12000 Stitchers 1000
Subcontractors
25.000 Stitchers
Exports (2005) $185 m $22 m
Types of Hand Stitched
Balls
High Quality Premium
Match
Medium Quality
Low Quality
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THE CLUSTERS
Cluster Features Sialkot Jalandhar
Key Buyers Mega Brands
(Nike and Adidas)
NoMega Brands
(Mitre/Pentland,Gilbert)
History ofJoint Action Extensive Limited
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COMPARATIVE WORKING CONDITIONS I
Cluster Features Sialkot Jalandhar
No. of Stitchers 30,000 12,000
Average Daily/Monthly Income
US$ 2.66/79.80 US$ 1.84/55.20
Working Hours Flexible Flexible
Compliance withNational Labour
Legislation
No (Outsourcing toAvoid Regulation)
No (Outsourcing toAvoid Regulation)
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COMPARATIVE WORKING CONDITIONS IICluster Features Sialkot Jalandhar
Compliance with
Core Labour
Standards
No
(FOA, Collective
Bargaining, CL?)
No
(FOA, Collective
Bargaining, CL?)
Access to Work Factory-based: Male
Dominated
Home-based:
Greater FemaleParticipation
Home-based:
Greater Female
Participation
Particular
Challenges
Womens
Access to Work
Caste-Based
Discrimination
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EXPORTS TO MAJOR COUNTRIES
Brazil
Description Rank as a
Supplier
Country
Suppliers Share in total
imports
2001
Share in total
imports
2002
Inflatable
Balls
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
China
Pakistan
S.Korea
Taiwan
India
Indonesia
15.99
45.44
-
12.7
1.73
8.75
37.34*
35.36*
5.66*
4.7*
3.46
3.35*
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EXPORTS TO MAJOR COUNTRIES
Description Rank as a
Supplier
Country
Suppliers Share in total
imports
2001
Share in total
impors
2002
Balls , golf,
tennis &
inflatable balls
1.
2.
34.
5.
China
Taiwan
PakistanSpain
U.S.A
36.45
9.7
9.944.52
22.01
31.46
19.99*
15.84*12.6*
10.02*
Brazil
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JAPAN
1. China
2. United States
3. Saudi Arabia
4. UAE
5. Pakistan
20.5%
12%
6.4%
5.5%
0.02%
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JAPAN
Commodity
Description
03-04 04-05 06-07 07-08 07-08
Cotton yarn
& woven
fabrics
68.27 68.89 70.87 60.745 68.82
Leather and
leather
manufactures
15.73 15.41 17.92 16.491 25.88
Sport goods 6.26 5.54 7.943 8.057 17.81
Fish & Fish
product
14.45 8.51 10.5 10.272 9.95
Petroleum &
oil
5.28 5.753 16.65 - -
US$ illion)Source: WTO Trade data base, World Development Indicators, Federal Bureau of Statistics
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LAOS
Location: Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam
Laos principal import sources 2007
Thailand 68.5%
China 9.3%
Vietnam 5.5%
Pakistan 0.03%
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LAOS
Commodity
Description
03-04 04-05 05-06 07-08
Cotton yarn &
woven
fabrics
0.039 0.058 0.189 0.043
Sugar & sugar
confectioners
0.032 0.021 0.106 0.027
Sports goods 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.003
Source: WTO Trade data base, World Development Indicators, FederalBureau ofStatistics, Pakistan evenue utomation Pvt. Ltd. (P L)
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SIALKOT DRYPORT TRUST
The Sialkot Dry Port Trust handled the Export and Import cargo in March,2010
as under
EXPORT
The Sialkot Dry Port Trust handled 2814 Consignments weighing 6267 Tons worth4217 million in the
Export sector. This cargo was transported from Dry Port to Lahore, Islamabad,
Karachi and Peshawar
Airports, KPT & Port Qasim Sea Port.
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D DESCRIPTION
No.OFCONSIGNMENTS WEIGHT IN TONS
VALUE INMILLION
RUPEES
Mar,10 % Feb,10
Mar,0
9 Mar,10 % Feb,10
Mar,0
9 Mar,10 % Feb,10
Mar,0
9SPORTS 73 2.6 74 67 96 1.5 110 91 69 1.6 79 53
SPORTS BALL 403 14.3 314 279 1018 16.2 779 649 619 14.7 462 399
GLOVES 133 4.7 122 138 558 8.9 495 591 253 6.0 221 270
LEATHERGOODS 744 26.4 684 798 1065 17.0 978 940 1312 31.1 1190 1231
SURGICAL 688 24.4 683 809 560 8.9 573 543 995 23.6 965 875
CATTONGOODS 79 2.8 88 103 123 2.0 192 165 93 2.2 150 101
NYLONGOODS 274 9.7 298 306 250 4.0 310 286 248 5.9 322 274
KNIVES 32 1.1 21 27 52 0.8 40 45 47 1.1 68 41
FURNATURE 8 0.3 6 5 41 0.7 21 11 8 0.2 5 7
RICE 1 0.0 2 1 5 0.1 35 24 1 0.0 4 1
MACHINERY 14 0.5 9 7 63 1.0 8 38 6 0.2 1 4
ELECTRICAPP 45 1.6 44 27 577 9.2 583 370 123 2.9 125 74
MARSHALARTS 96 3.4 85 107 292 4.7 202 347 153 3.6 139 138
CUTLERYGOODS 61 2.2 55 37 472 7.5 446 306 103 2.5 106 99
CERAMIC 9 0.3 16 9 57 0.9 100 104 21 0.5 34 31
FOOD STUFF 1 0.0 2 3 17 0.3 18 12 1 0.0 2 2
MUSICAL ITEMS 26 0.9 17 20 26 0.4 15 15 23 0.5 12 9
BADGES 4 0.1 3 0 0 0.0 0 0 1 0.0 2 0
MISCELLANEOUS 123 4.4 94 100 996 15.9 823 195 140 3.3 109 93
Total 2814 100 2617 2843 6267 100 5728 4732 4217 100 3996 3702
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CHILD LABOR IN THE SPORTING GOODS
INDUSTRY
In Pakistan, 40.5% of the country's 145 million people are less than 14 years
old and well over 3 million of them are believed to be involved in child labor.
Children are involved in various types of work including carpet weaving,
sporting goods production, street Vending, and domestic child labor.
The existence of child labor in Pakistan's football Stitching industry received
international attention in the mid-90's when activist groups and the mediareported that there was extensive use of child labour in the sporting goods
Industry.
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CHILD LABOR IN THE SPORTING GOODS
INDUSTRY
Tehsil Deska (Sub-District of Sialkot)
One 14 year-old boy, Nasser, was taken away from his Coca Cola ball when we
found him working in the house. There were also a number of other adults present
who had been stitching footballs since they were young children.
Mohamed Imran Ijaz, who was working in a dark room of one of the houses in
Ikbal, is 22 years old and has been stitching for 10 years; Mohamed Sarvar is 26
years old and has been stitching for 14 years; and, Mohammed Zafar is 24 years old
and has been stitching for 15 years. On that day they were stitching no name
footballs which they claimed were provided by SAGA Sports
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CHILD LABOR IN THE SPORTING GOODS
INDUSTRY
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CHILD LABOR IN THE SPORTING GOODS
INDUSTRY
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SPORTS INDUSTRYAND ENVIORMENT
Manufacturers of sporting goods are becoming increasingly aware of the
imperative of Corporate social responsibility, including environmental
Sustainability. Initiatives to avoid manufacturing processes that are harmful
to the environment include material selection policies, research intosustainable cotton,
use of recycled rubber,
eliminating PVC
and controlling and monitoring restricted substances.
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SPORTS INDUSTRYAND ENVIORMENT
Adidas and Mizuno
Adidas has made a commitment to environmental protection
through the International Standards Organizations ISO 14001
rules. It has established internal environmental policies and
encourages contractors and suppliers to establish environmental
management systems
E
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ELECTRICITY PROBLEM AND SPORT
INDUSTRY
SIALKOT, August 30, 2009: A record 14 percent decline in exports of
sports goods from Sialkot has been observed due to the recent power
outages in export-oriented Sialkot city and the rising POL prices.
Former Chairman Pakistan Sports Goods Manufacturers & Exporters
Association (PSGMEA) Arif Mehmood Sheikh disclosed this while talking
to the newsmen. He said that the sport goods (worth of Rs.1.72 billion) were
exported to the world from Sialkot-Pakistan during July 2009 including the
soccer balls (worth US $ 10 million). He said that these exports have shown
decline to a great extant as compared to these exports in 2008,
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REGRESSION EQUATION
E=5174.61+42.388a-587.66b+71.21z
E=exports
A
=electricity consumption
B=availability of leather
Z=exchange rate in dollars
C=constant
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CONCLUSION
Sialkot is the hub for the exports of sports good in the whole world but now
the overall production is very low as compared to the previous years.
Exports of sports goods badly suffer from electricity shortage
Child labor is another major factor which cause a fall in the production of
sports goods
Government should make some policies to save the sports industry.
Electricity should be provided to the industries continuously during working
hours.
Child labor should be banned
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IAPPRECIATE YOUR PATIENT
LISNINGThank you
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