3 day residential training programme present scenario of ...aphrdi/2017/7_july... · salient...

3 Day Residential Training Programme

Present Scenario of Water Resources and its Solutions in India-Global challenge

By

Dr. N. RUBENAssociate professor,

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Vignan’s University,

Guntur.

Andhra Pradesh Human Resource Development Institute

1

1

Overview

1

❑ Introduction

❖ Indian Scenario

❖ Necessity of Inter-linking of Rivers

❑ Past and Present developments in Inter Linking of rivers

❑ Local Challenges

❖ Water Resources Scenario in Andhra Pradesh

❖ Plan of Action

❑ Pattisam Lift Irrigation Project –Case study

❖ Challenges in design– Surge analysis

❖ Conclusions

2

Introduction

2

❑ India is one of the few countries – Blessed with Water resources or rivers

Why is India suffering with shortage of water ?

3

Introduction

3

❑ India is facing global challenges in the form of increasing demand for

water

❖ due to population growth

❖ deterioration of surface and ground water both in quantity and quality

❖ impact of climate change on water resources

4

Introduction

4

❑ Sustainable Development was very essential for optimal use of water

“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

5

Erratic (Fluctuations) rainfall…..

5

❑ It is observed that for last two

consecutive monsoons, the

rainfall has been below

normal. (IMD) Indian

Meteorological Dept.

❑ Drought situation in

Bundelkahand, parts of

Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra

Pradesh and Telangana

6

Erratic (Fluctuations) rainfall…..

6

❑ In 2015-16 alone

❑ 10 states like Karnataka, Maharastra, U.P etc. hit by

droughts

❑ Where as some cities hit by floods ex: Chennai, Hyderabad,

Srinagar

7

Erratic (Fluctuations) rainfall is…..

7

❑ Causing

❖ Damage to social, economic and ecological changes

8

Erratic (Fluctuations) rainfall is…..

8

❑ Creating tensions Globally - between countries

❖ ex . water sharing between Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya

9

Erratic (Fluctuations) rainfall is…..

9

❑ Creating tensions Locally - (among states) i.e……????

❖ Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamilnadu…

❖ Yamuna water dispute between Punjab and Haryana…..

❖ never ending tensions between two sibling states of

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

Recent protests by Tamilnadu

10

To address the twin problems of …

10

❖ Floods and Droughts…

❖ Concept of Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) originated…….

❖ Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) programme

“seeks to transfer water from surplus areas to deficient areas in the

country”

11

Inter- Linking of Rivers (ILR)

11

❑ ILR programme

❑ Its vision is equal distribution of water in drought prone and

rain fed areas

❑ It seeks to deliver or transfer of water through a 12,500 Km

canal network

12

Past and Present developments in ILR

12

❑ This idea was framed in 1960 by eminent Engineer Dr.K.L.Rao

❑ Supreme court Intervention in 2002.

❑ In 2002, a task force to identify possible

river links in the country has been constituted

❑ River links :

❖ Himalayan river components -14 links

❑ Peninsular river Components - 16 links

13

Past and Present developments in ILR

13

❑ In 2003, An MOU was signed between Union government, MP and UP

states to link KEN-BETWA rivers.

❑ In 2016, A.P was the first state to link two major rivers i.e Godavari and

Krishna by Pattisam lift irrigation project.

14

Local Challenges - Andhra Pradesh

14

❑ A.P was called as “Annapurna”

❖ Major rivers - Godavari, Krishna, Pennar

❖ Minor rivers are Nagavali, Vamshadhara, etc. of 37 no’s

❑ Out of seven missions that the government has started,

❖ First mission - Irrigation and Cultivation

❖ It includes completion of pending projects, Interlinking of Rivers (ILR)

15

Geographic and Climatic Conditions - A.P

15

❑ The average rainfall of A.P is generally 940mm

❑ Rainfall varies with respect to regions and climates

❖ In Ananthapur - rainfall is 550mm , In Coastal regions - 1200mm

16

Geographic and Climatic Conditions - A.P

16

❑ Total availability of water

❑ Surface water + Ground water =1916+355 =2271TMC

❑ Huge quantity of water - but suffering with shortage of drinking water

❑ Reasons behind this - not properly managing and utilizing available water

resources

17

Plan of Action by A.P

17

❑ Government has chosen seven irrigation projects

❑ Rededicated itself to complete these projects as early as possible

❑ These projects are

• Pattisam Lift Irrigation Project (ILR),

• Thotapalli project,

• Handriniva sujala Sravanthi,

• Galeru- Nagari Sujala Sravnthi,

• Vamshdhara Stage-2, Phase -2,

• Velugonda Project,

• Gundlakamma Project.

18

Plan of Action by A.P

18

❑ Thotapalli project

❖ Situated in Thotapalli village of Vizayanagarm District on river Nagavli

❖ Project includes constructing a reservoir of storage capcity of 2.509

TMC of water

❖ Divert the water to irrigate the aycaut in Vizayanagam and Srikakulam

districts

19

Plan of Action by A.P

19

❑ Handriniva sujala Sravanthi

❑ Is meant to utilize the flood water of 40TMC available in Srisilam reservoir

❑ Main purpose of the scheme is to irrigate ayacut of 6.03 Lakh acres and to

supply drinking water for 33 Lakh people in 4 districts of Rayalaseema

❑ Project is considered to be a major lift scheme as it includes five numbers of

under-tunnels of length 13.05m and eight balancing reservoirs.

20

Plan of Action by A.P

20

❑ Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravnathi

❑ Is designed in such a way that the flood water in srisialam reservoir is to be

diverted by gravity system which is very economical.

❑ 5 Lakhs people that are residing in Cuddapah, Chittor and Nellore regions

will benefit.

21

Plan of Action by A.P

21

❑ Vamshadhara Stage-2, Phase-2

❑ A side weir is to be constructed on the upstream side of Nerradi barrage on

Vamshadara river

❑ The ayacut that is to be irrigated under this canal is aroungd 20 Thousnand

Acres.

❑ Further, a high level canal will be constructed across this river from

Hiramandalam Reservoir to irrigate 5 lakh acres.

22

Plan of Action by A.P

22

❑ Velugonda Project

❑ This project is to supply water from the banks of srisialam reservoir situated

in prakasam district by gravity.

❑ 15.25 lakkh people existing in Prakasam, Nellor and kadapa Districs.

❑ The completion of this project gives solution for problems faced by the

people due to fluoride in the water.

❑ Two tunnels each 7m and 9.2m diameter and 18.80m length is being built.

24

Plan of Action by A.P

23

❑ Gundlakamma Project

❑ The project was built on Gundlakamma river, situated near Mallaram

viilage of Maddipadu mandal in Prakasam District.

❑ It is designed to irrigate 80,068 acres and

to supply drinking water to the city of

Ongole and nearby 43 villages comprising 2.56 Lakh People.

24

Pattisam Lift Irrigation Project –Case study

24

❑ Figure 4 shows water transmission line of Pattisam Lift Irrigation Project

Fig.4 Schematic sketch of Pattisam Lift Project

25

Salient Features

25

❑ First phase is completed and commissioned on 15th August, 2016.

26

Salient Features

26

❑ Pumps used are high capacity (pump inertia = 28600 Kg-m2)

27

Salient Features

27

❑ Biggest challenge for this project -

❖ Extreme water hammer pressures (Surges) - during pump trip or power

failure to pumps.

Pipe burst Pipe Collapse

28

Surge or water hammer analysis

28

❑ Def: It is a flow condition where pressure and discharge

changes rapidly with time due to

❖ sudden disturbance like Closing/Opening of valve

( Ex: Hydro power generations)

❖ Pump trip.(Pumping systems)

29

Surge or water hammer analysis

29

❑ Pattisam Lift project - Pipeline profile and steady HGL

30

Surge or water hammer analysis

30

Maximum and minimum Piezometric heads with different pump inertia’s

31

Surge Protection Devices

31

❑ Air vessel/Air Chamber:

❖ It is a vessel containing two parts, the upper part is composed of

compressed air and the lower part is with water

❑ Water is supplied from the air chamber in to the pipeline

❖ to compensate the lower pressures developed due to power failure.

32

Surge Protection Devices

32

❑ One Way Surge Tank:

❖ is a Reinforced Cement concrete (RCC) tank usually located

at relatively elevated points along the alignment

33

Surge Protection Devices

33

❑ Air cushion Valves: At low pressure locations….

34

Suitable Surge Protection Deveices

34

❑ The design of surge mitigation system is an iterative process

35

ILR programme - Advantages

35

❑ As per estimate,

❑ 12% of land in India is prone to floods

❑ 68% of land is prone to droughts

❑ This program solves the simultaneous occurrence of floods and

droughts

36

ILR programme - Advantages

36

❑ Creates irrigation facilities that doubles the farm income by

2022.

❑ Construction of small, medium dams can be done to create

34000MW hydro power

❑ Can ease pressure on Ground water resources

❑ Will Prevent flow of fresh water in to sea – increase water

usability by 25%

N. Ruben 37

ILR Programme - Challenges

37

❑ This programme needs huge investment – 10 Lakh crores.

39

ILR Programme - Challenges

38

❑ Tussle over expenditure sharing between central and state Govts

Central Govt.

State Governments

39

ILR Programme - Challenges

39

❑ States are not ready to forego their surplus water resources.

40

ILR Programme - Challenges

40

❑ Himalayan rivers are cross boarder ex: Ganga, Brahmaputra,

Indus belong to China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bhutan and

Bangladesh

❖ Any change will met with stiff resistance from these countries

❑ .

41

Conclusions

41

❑ presents the past and present water resources developments that are globally

with particular mention of India

❑ stresses the need to preserve the precious water resources for sustainable

development

❑ presents the issues of various conflicts between countries and within the

countries

42

Conclusions

42

❑ innovative programme called Interlinking of rivers (ILR) is proposed to be

implemented in India

❑ challenges both in technical as well as in execution of one ILR programme

called Pattisam Lift irrigation project were discussed and analysed.

?any

please

?any

please