2007 brangus journal
Post on 30-Mar-2016
283 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Inhoud ContentsUit die President se kantoor 2Raad/Council 2006/2007 6Die beoordeling van slagosse op ‘n kompetisie 8Was is die verskil tussen indekse en BTWs? 10Belangrike datums 12Genetic improvement through artifi cial insemination 14Brangus kursusse 18Production licks for growing stud bulls 20Facts about fat bulls 22Die belang van kwantitatiewe Loci en DNA toetsing daarvoor 24Interpreting accuracy 28Embrio-oorplasing 28Brangus stats 30KI Bulle 36Privaat KI bulle 52Veiling uitstlae 59Brangus teeldoelwitte/Brangus breeding goals 60Waarom Brangus? 64Brangus - The South African tenderizer 64Nasionale skou 66Aanbevole praktyke om die maksimumvoordeel uit u Breedplan-ontleding te kry 68Nasionale skou - foto’s 69An assesment of the eff ect of temperament in cattle 70Oos-Kaap boeredag 75Inheritance of colour in Brangus cattle 77Ledelys 80Sire summary 88
Aldupré OBCBaumeister 58BKB Louwid 35Bluebird 53Bottelgat 46Bruljant 40 & 41Classifi eds 76Delport Brangus Boerdery 54 & 55Drumond Brangus 73East Cape Brangus Club members 45Eco 71Elandspruit 31Fertilitas 39FNB 9Genootskap aanteelveiling 65Jagtdrift 51Keeversfontein 29Klipfontein 4Lokus Brangus 58Malherbe & Roberts 13Meadow 23MJB Brangus stoete 48 & 49Mount Olive 37Nasionale Brangusveiling 63Nico Smith IFCOos-Kaap Brangus Klub 44Rayvor 19Ruddskaal 26SAVET 7Semex 17Sentraal Brangus Klub 57Senwes 79Smith Brangus 53T-Bar-X 3Tetaan 11Unistel 25V5 Brangus 33 & IBCVan Wyk veehanteringstoerusting 5WBF Red Brangus 47Woodview 53Xseed 73
Adverteerder Advertisers
Brangus GenootskapPosbus 12465 • Brandhof 9324Tel: 051 444 1144 • Faks: 051 444 5070Sel: 082 828 8118 • E-pos: info@brangus.org
PRODUKSIE VAN JOERNAALCharmainé Alberts Ontwerp & Bemarkingsdienste
Posbus 328 Brandfort 9400 • Tel: (051) 821 1783 • Faks: (051) 821 1267palberts@telkomsa.net • Ontwerp deur: Caria Vermaak & Arleen Wiese
2 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Hierdie is na alle waarskynlikheid my laaste brief uit die President se kantoor en daarom wyk ek ietwat af van die tradisionele jaarlikse bedankings en wat daarmee saamgaan.
Elkeen wat die wel en wee van ons Brangus Ras op die hart dra, weet bui-tendien van al die klub veilings, vergaderings en Namibië Skou en Veiling. Almal weet ook van die moeite wat gedoen is om heffings te verhaal, die bydraes van Raadslede en die kantoor se groot poging.
Die Breedplan en Keuring-kursusse het ‘n groot inset van ons Ras-direkteur geverg en het uiteraard ons lede se kennisvlakke verhoog en ons verder afgerond om beeste sinvol te evalueer. Voortvloeiend daaruit natuurlik groter insig in die verwagting van die mark en voorbereiding van die diere vir die veilings en skoue.
Al die verskillende skoue bly belangrik en slegs topgehalte behoort by ons Nasionale Skou te Harrismith en Nampo vertoon te word. Ook as ons in Pretoria en Pietermaritsburg wil deelneem moet ons altyd gehalte diere vertoon. Dit is immers ter bevordering van die ras in die algemeen.
Innige dank en erkenning aan die kantoor, raadslede, klubs, alle lede van die genootskap, die afslaers, goeie vriende van die Brangus, Khaya Ibub-hezi en Pringles Inn.
U as lede weet hoe kosbaar u kudde is en hoe belangrik u deelname aan die bedrywighede van die genootskap is.
Voortvloeiend hieruit die volgende om aan te herkou:
Every farmer should investigate themselves retrospectively and decide
which etiquette is applicable?
Some members keep their organization strong,While others join and just belong,
Some dig right in, some serve with pride,Some go along just for the ride,
Some volunteer to do their share, While some sit back and just don’t care.
On meeting days some always show,But then - there are those who never go.
Some always pay the due ahead,Some get behind for months instead,
Some do their best,Some build, some make
Some never give, but always take.Some lag behind, some let things go,
Some never help their organization grow.Some drag, same pull.Some don’t, some do.
Which of these are you?
Uit die President
s e k a n t o o r
3BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
4 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Met erkenning aan “Perspektiewe oor BEESBOERDERY in Suid-Afrika” - 2de Uitgawe - Andre Mentz.
Teel en bemark slegs die beste diere in u eie belang as teler en ook in die belang van die genootskap en die ras.
Die volgende aanhaling is dalk op ons almal as telers van toepassing:
‘Take care of our reputation as Brangus Breeder!!! It is your most valuable asset!!!’
Die toekoms van ons ras is verseker as elkeen sy/haar deel doen.
Statistieke:
TELERS BEDANKINGS DIERE GETALLEJaar 2005 - 2006 115 14 12312Jaar 2006 - 2007 125 9 14332
Baie welkom aan ons Nuwe Lede. Geniet die ras en trek voordeel uit die groei en ontwikkeling. Aan alle ou lede rig ons die uitnodiging om weer aan te sluit. Koop weer Brangusse, u weet dit is ‘n goeie belegging vir die toekoms.
Groete en sterkte aan almal.
Tienie Bekker
5BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
6 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Raa
d/C
oun
cil
2006
/200
7
MJ Bekker (Tienie) President Vrystaat 083 262 4021 Posbus 2329, Welkom, 9460 057 352 2010
AK Hellberg (Arthur) Visie-President + Promosie Natal 082 886 0091 Posbus 25, Glencoe, 2930 034 393 2810
F Naude (Ferdi) Breedplan + Genoplasma Vrystaat 082 490 5678 Posbus 932, Welkom, 9460 057 353 1701
JF Henning (Tatties) 082 893 1632 Posbus 202, Vryheid, 3100 034 952 1646
J du Plessis (Johan) Admin + Konstitusie Vrystaat 082 929 5136 Posbus 115, Hoopstad, 9479 053 444 1926
EC Meyer (Reinet) Vrystaat 082 923 2639 Ellenberger 70, Wilgehof, BFN, 9301 051 522 2511
CDH Sparks (Christopher) Vrystaat 083 701 0029 PO Box 752, Harrismith, 9880 058 622 2939
AJ van Wyk (Rian) Finansies Mpumalanga 083 645 4434 Posbus 1089, Ermelo, 2350 017 819 3628
R Morgan (Robbie) Skou + Veilings + Kommersiël Oos-Kaap 046 684 0793 Posbus 118, Adelaide, 5760
7BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
8 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
‘n Eenvoudige en kort agtergrond om die ste-deling ‘n begrip te gee van die verskillende aspekte van die beoordelingsproses. Veral die keuse van die voerkalf word baie kortliks bespre-ek- hieroor kan ‘n hele artikel geskryf word.
Die Voerkalf
Suksesvolle deelname aan ‘n slagoskompetisie begin by die keuse van ‘n voerkalf.
‘n Voerkalf sal òf ‘n suiwer geteelde vleisbees òf ‘n baster van twee of meer beesrasse wees. As dit ‘n suiwer geteelde kalf is, kan die keuse tussen bv. Bonsmara, Simbra, Angus of Brangus wees. Kruisdiere kan uit bv. Brahman/Charolais, Simmentaler/Limousin, of Drakensberger/Angus kruisings of enige kruising tussen van die ander omtrent 26 vleisbeesrasse kom. Die ideale gewig van die kalf voor die begin van die voerproses is tussen 200 en 220 kilogram op ‘n ouderdom van omtrent 9 maande. Die kalf moet onthoring en kan gekastreer wees en nog nie permanente tande gesny het nie.
Die kalf behoort goed bespierd te wees. Daar moet min “duiwelsgreep” (geknyp agter die skouerblaaie) wees, die bors moet ook nie oorontwikkel wees nie, en hoofsaaklik uit vel bestaan. Die rug, vanaf agter die skouer tot die heupe moet breed en goed bespierd wees.
Eienskappe van ‘n goeie voerkalf is goeie sprong van rib, maar nie boepens nie, ‘n breë agterkwart met goeie bespiering en ontwikkeling in die binne -en buite dye, asook goeie lengte tussen die heupe en sitbene.
‘n Rustige geaardheid is verder ‘n belangrike punt: beeste wat baklei en maklik skrik, se gewigstoename is swakker, en dié tipe bees is geneig om die hele kraal aan te steek wat be-tref swak temperament.
Beoordeling van die gevoerde Slagbees
Die beoordelaars gemoeid met “op die hoef” beoordeling, gebruik meesal subjektiewe metodes wat hoofsaaklik gegrond is op onder-vinding.
Aan die haak word gradering d.m.v. objektiewe wetenskaplike metodes gedoen.
Jan de Jong
Die beoordeling van slagosseop ‘n kompetisie
Die karkas word geplaas op grond van ‘n pun-testelsel. Sekere kriteria word gebruik om punte toe te ken. Dié kan ook as maatstaf vir op die hoef beoordeling gebruik word. Karkasgewig is een maatstaf: die lewende bees slag tussen 57% en 62% uit, dus behoort die ideale slagbees tus-sen 320 en 450 kilogram op die hoef te weeg om maksimum punte te behaal.
Maksimum punte vir gewig (10) word behaal vir karkasse tussen 190 en 280 kilogram warm gewig, soos aangedui in die tabel. Punte word afgetrek vir afwykings.
Karkasmassa (kg) Punte
< 170,0 0170,1 - 180,0 2180,1 - 190,0 6190,1 - 280,0 10280,1 - 290,0 6290,1 – 300 2>300,0 0
Vetbedekking is ook belangrik, en die karkas behaal maksimum punte as dit tussen 2+ en 3- uitslag. Afwykings vanaf die vetkodes word minder punte toegeken.
Boudgedeelte (5), Voorkwartgedeelte (5) en Ruggedeelte (5)
Vetkode Boud en voorkwart Ruggedeelte1+ 1 22- 2 32 3 42+ 5 53- 5 53 3 43+ 2 34- 1 2
Bouvorm van die karkas is natuurlik belangrik, en tot 15 punte word daarvoor toegeken. Op die hoef is bouvorm en afronding die twee belangrik-ste kriteria waarna gekyk word, en teen afwyk-ings daarvan word sterk gediskrimineer.
9BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
10 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Verder word beeste in gewigsgroepe verdeel, asook volgens ‘n aantal norme wat nie wetens-kaplik met aan die haak beoordeling saamloop nie. Na die plasing van ‘n klas beeste word dit van die beoordelaars verwag om redes vir hulle plasings te gee. Dit is juis dié redes wat die proses vir die toeskouer interessant en leersaam maak.
‘n Oorontwikkelde bors, wat swaar en prominent vertoon, dui op oorvoeding, omdat die bors hoofsaaklik uit vet bestaan. Baie plooie in die voorkwart is een van die eienskappe wat ‘n lae uitslagpersentasie aandui.
Agter die blaaie moet “duiwelsgreep” nie voorkom nie, terwyl die voorarm prominent moet uitstaan. Die voorarm is ‘n plek wat bespiering toon. Omdat vleis uit spiere bestaan, is dié eien-skap een van die belangrikste by op die hoef beoordeling.
Daar behoort ‘n redelike vet verspreiding oor die skouerblaaie (m.a.w die voorkwart) te wees, maar ‘n konsentrasie van vet oor die skouer (of ‘n tekort) sal duidelik op die karkas opgemerk word. ‘n Te dun vetverspreiding word as “kaal” beskryf. So ‘n karkas vertoon “blou” aan die haak.
Oor die ribbes moet vet ook egalig vertoon, kolle vet word maklik raakgesien.
Vanaf die skof tot die heupe moet die rug breed en platterig wees. Dié gedeelte bestaan uit die belangrike oogspiere. Vanaf die heupe tot die sitbene is afstand belangrik en hoe minder “dak-kigheid” vanaf die stertwortel tot die buitedye, hoe beter.
Die buitedye moet prominent wees en so laag moontlik strek. Die binnedye behoort ook goed
gevul te wees, met die vleis so laag moontlik ge-dra. Die gesegde “vol in die broek” beskryf die ideaal. Die boude moet ook goed gevul wees, met bespiering tot laag gedra. Lang spiere tot na aan die hakke dra meer vleis as ‘n kort maar oorontwikkelde ronde spier wat soos ‘n vark se boud lyk.
Omdat bespiering die beste aanduiding is van potensiële vleisopbrengs, word goed gelet op tekens daarvan by die bees se voorarm, oor die rug en in die boud. Goeie lengte tussen heup en sitbene, in verhouding tot die totale beeslengte, dui op ‘n hoë uitslagpersentasie. Verder moet die bees as geheel goeie balans toon. ‘n Bees met lang bene, groot bors, groot pens en swak ontwikkelde agterkwart en swak bespiering, is ‘n “wasty” bees met ‘n swak uitslagpersentasie.
Tekens van oormatige vetheid word oor die ribbes gesien. Die lies moet gevul word sonder om ‘n knop te vorm as die bees stap. Vetaan-paksels langs die stertwortel en kolle vet oor die buiteboud is ook onwenslik.
Die duurste snitte van die bees vorm ‘n “pistool“, dws, van die middelpunt van die rug agtertoe, en vanaf die heupe vertikaal af tot die hakke. Hierdie gedeelte bestaan uit van die beste (en duurste snitte) vleis en daar word redelike klem op dié gedeelte van die karkas gelê.
Dié kort opsomming van die beoordeling van slagbeeste, sal hopelik help om die misterie daaromheen uit die weg te ruim.
Let wel: SAMIC se graderingstandaarde het onlangs verander, maar die nuwe vetheidstan-daarde is nog nie beskikbaar nie.
‘n Indeks word slegs op ‘n binne-kudde kontemporêre groepbasis gebruik, waar 100 as die gemiddelde van die groep geneem word, en dit is nie ‘n genetiese maatstaf nie. Indekse kan slegs vir binne-kudde- of tropvergelykings gebruik word in ‘n bepaalde seisoen.
BTWs het ses belangrike voordele wat nie deur indekse in ag geneem word nie
(i) BTWs is genetiese maatstawwe.
(ii) BTWs maak vergelykings tussen diere wat in verskillende seisoene en jare gebore is moontlik.
(iii) BTWs maak voorsiening vir die feit dat sekere vaars met beter koeie gepaar word.
(iv) BTWs hou rekening met genetiese verandering in die kudde oor tyd.
(v) BTWs inkorporeer ook genetiese inligting van alle verwantes en ander gekorreleerde eien-skappe.
(vi) BTWs hou rekening met die hoeveelheid prestasierekords wat beskikbaar is vir elke dier.
Seleksie op grond van BTWs bied daarom baie vinniger vordering as indekse.
(Extrak uit Breedplan Gebruikers Handleiding)
Wat is die verskil tuen indekse en BTWs?
11BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
12 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
datums vir 2007BELANGRIKE
15 – 18 Mei Nampo Bothaville22 Mei John Baxter Veiling by New Amalfi om 11h0025 Mei – 03 Junie Royal Skou29 Mei 08h00 Keuring 13h00 Registrasie Algemene Jaarvergadering Brangus Verkopers & Borge Braai om19h00 Te Khaya Ibhubesi, Parys30 Mei Brangus Promosie Veiling Khaya Ibubesi, Parys, 11h00 BKB Louwid 13 Julie Natal Brangus Klub Veiling, Dundee 40 Bulle & 50 Vroulike diere, Vleissentraal07 Augustus 08h00 Keuring, Bergville Kompleks, Harrismith 13h30 Registrasie Spesiale Algemene Jaarvergadering
08 Augustus 10h00 Nasionale Skou, 19h00 Brangus Dinee en Prysuitdeling, Bergville Kompleks, Harrismith
09 Augustus 11h00 Brangus Nasionale Veiling, Bergville kompleks, Harrismith BKB Louwid16 Augustus Martin Campher, Keeversfontein Veiling, Ladysmith22 Aug – 02 Sept Pretoria Skou29 Aug – 01 Sept Mega Week31 Augustus Hilton Green (Middledale) Production Sale06 September Wes-Vrystaat Brangus Klub Veiling, Kimberley13 September Paul Carshagen Veiling, Reitz14 September Oos-Kaap Brangus Klub Veiling, Tarkastad18 September Schalk van Oudtshoorn – Elandspruit Produksieveiling, Amsterdam26 September Vryheid Bulveiling01 – 05 Oktober Windhoek Skou en Veiling – Namibië10 Oktober Roberts & Malherbe Produksieveiling, Hertzogville22 Oktober Sentraal Brangus Klub Veiling, te Maselspoort – diere aankoms23 Oktober Sentraal Brangus Klub Veiling – diere word gekeur24 Oktober Sentraal Brangus Boeredag, te Maselspoort om 10h00 Verkoper en Borge Braai om 18h0025 Oktober Sentraal Brangus Klub Veiling, te Maselspoort om 11h00
13BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
14 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
through
“The ro l e o f Semex i n t he bee f p roduc t i on c ha i n ”Myles Immerkar, Semex Alliance International Beef Manager
Genetic improvement
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
15BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
One common and reasonable goal of beef producers everywhere is the goal of producing low-cost, highly profitable cattle that yield high quality products. Through ge-netic improvement and artificial
insemination we can help the farmer achieve these goals.
There are many tools and resources in the industry that can help achieve these goals. However the challenge each cow-calf producer faces is how to best balance genetics, new technologies and his individual environment to meet the market de-mands for his product. To meet these demands, the producer must also understand the food chain, and how he fits into the larger picture.
Segment Participants Inventory / Products
Seedstock 120,000 breeders Approx. 80 breeds & a handful of AI studs 10 breeds most critical 5 breeds provide 60% of the genetics Products (females, bulls, semen)
Cow-Calf 814,000 beef herds 33.1 million beef cows 97,500 dairy herds 9.1 million dairy cows 29 million feeder calves produced
Feedlot 1,800 feeding companies 14 million head capacity > 1,000 head capacity 23 million cattle marketed
Packer 795 plants 34.8 million head harvested 27.1 million lbs of beef
Each of the above play an important factor in the food chain and getting the beef product to the mar-ketplace. As a cow-calf producer, your goal is to meet the needs of the feedlot, while being efficient in your given environment. A seed stock producer must provide the cow-calf producer with the tools to achieve their goals and objectives. As a global genetics company, Semex takes pride in the impor-tance of our role as a supplier of genetics to both the seed stock and the cow-calf producer.
The quickest and most rapid way to achieve genetic improvement is through artificial insemination (AI). This technology gives the breeder the opportunity to select the sires of his progeny from the best-proven sires from around the world. Of course, the success of this technology is dependant on many factors including genetic selection, environment, and the needs of the marketplace and ultimately return on investment.
Semex has always emphasized the importance of balanced breeding, as it allows the producer to meet marketplace demands while still using leading edge genetics. Importantly, each producer must select breeding goals, bulls and their traits based
Table 1: Overview of the US Beef IndustrySource: Field & Taylor, 2002
on marketplace demands and what will yield the greatest return on their genetic investment. To do this, producers need to evaluate their finished product and its market value versus cost of production. Un-derstanding the traits that yield their desired return will dictate their genetic selection process.
How much is produced?The amount produced, and therefore profitability, is most often determined by the shear number of pounds sent to market. This amount is heavily influ-enced by performance indicators such as yearling weight and weaning weight. Also key to profitability is the number of calves produced per cow; this can be measured by calving ease and calf survival rates. Fertility and stay ability genetic evaluations provide the information on the cow’s ability to have a calf each and every year, essential in the profitability quest. When using artificial insemination breeders can use all of these numbers as selection criteria, as they are readily available in Semex’s genetic evalu-ations.
What does it cost to produce?The traits that impact cost of production include maintenance cost (cost to get to mature weight), cow longevity, calving difficulty, fleshing ability and feed efficiency, as well as convenience traits such as disposition, pigmentation and polled. The ability to maintain a low cost of production within the herd is a key component to the herd’s productivity and profitability.
Myles Immerkar
16 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
What influences market value?The traits that affect the product’s value are often retail yield, marbling, rib eye area (REA), back fat and carcass weight. Various markets have selected branded products that give producers the opportu-nity to get premium prices based upon production criteria. The ability to meet these specified parameters offers greater return.
Profitability therefore is determined by the market val-ue less the farmer’s cost of production. This balancing act is based upon environment and geography, mak-ing the beef industry a unique industry. Identifying the needs for your environment and marketplace direct your decision when choosing a breed for your operation. Each breed has its unique strengths, and with AI you have the ability to not only select the breed of your choice but also the sires within that breed that fulfill your needs and market require-ments. It is of greater importance to select the right bull within the breed than the breed itself, as bulls within a breed will offer greater genetic diversity than most breeds offer between themselves. The ability to choose from sires offered via AI removes the guessing game, as it provides breeders with the evaluations for the important production traits, making breeding decision easier with less risk.
AI continues to be the greatest tool for genetic im-provement the beef industry has. The ability to se-lect genetics for individual traits with high proven accuracy has given producers around the world unfounded reliability. In addition, AI increases yield while lowering production costs at a much faster pace than is possible through natural breeding.
This improvement has been evident over time as between 1970 and 1990; each breed in North America has seen considerable improvement in the performance of their genetics through the extensive use of AI. This increased performance has been criti-cal to the profitability of many beef operations.
Through AI, breeders now have the ability to select from sires and breeds that have been proven in nu-merous production systems from varying climates and environments, increasing reliability and confi-dence.
Table 2: Average Birth Weight and Yearling Weight By Breed from 1970 to 1990
Source: MARC
Breed Birth Birth Yearling Yearling Weight Weight Weight Weight 1970 1990 1970 1990
Hereford 36 kg 41 kg 475 kg 619.5 kgAngus 36 kg 38 kg 475 kg 625 kgSimmental 40 kg 42 kg 519 kg 632 kgGelbvieh 41 kg 40 kg 507 kg 613 kgLimousin 42 kg 40 kg 470 kg 594 kgCharolais 39 kg 43 kg 519.5 kg 623 kg
Through Semex’s global network of more than 120 countries, we supply genetics to the beef industry that have been measured and evaluated in different climates, environments, management techniques and marketing systems. Our ability to select these genetics from premier breeders around the world, and then supply these superior bloodlines to the rest of the world is a role we take very seriously. We provide breeders with strict genetic evaluations and performance evaluations, removing the un-certainties from genetic selection. Additionally, our role in the beef industry goes beyond selecting and marketing genetics, if understood that the condi-tions and markets in each country are unique and a one-size-fits-all mentality does not fit. This under-standing is essential in our genetic selection and recommendations at all levels, as this understand-ing is the only way to make genetic progress.
The beef industry is truly unique in that every producer is faced with their own climate conditions, goals and objectives. In the ever increasing competitive marketplace, the breeders that have the ability to adapt their operation to changing climate and environmental conditions, and the always changing needs of the marketplace and consume while keeping profitability in check are the breeders that will sustain longevity and have an impact on the next generation. Semex will continue to provide breeders with the tools to select the best genetics possible, leading the beef industry with the most highly sought after genetics possible.
17BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
18 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Brangus kursusseKursusseNatal
Natal Klub Beoordeling kursus, wat plaas gevind het by Martin Campher, Keeversfontein, 18 mense het hierdie kursus begewoon.
Wes-Vrystaat
Wes-Vrystaat Beoordeling Kursus was gehou op 07 – 08 Nov 06 by Dries Delport te Boshof. 24 Mense het hierdie kursus bygewoon waarvan 3 uit Namibia gekom het.
Die Sentraal klub het ook ‘n Breedplan kursus gehad by Tienie Bekker en 8 mense het die kursus bygewoon.
Sentraal Klub
MpumalangaMpumalanga het ook ‘n Breedplan kursus gehad die 17 Jan 2007 te Ermelo by Louis Botha.
Oos-KaapBeoordeling en Breedplan kursus, gehou 20 & 21 Februarie, te Mclear. 18 Mense het die dag bygewoon.
19BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
20 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
f o r g r o w i n g s t u d b u l l sPRODUCTION LICKS
Jurie Naude: Meadow Feeds
There is a growing demand for bulls that are in condition for mating by two years of age, but which is also adapted to extensive con-ditions. Getting bulls to the desired weight for mating becomes a challenge, when the use of grain, needs to be limited, for
adaptation purposes. This implies that these bulls must reach the desired condition without extensive use of high energy rations containing mostly grain. These are a few options on how to get there:
Firstly we need to determine the goal weight at two years, and then plan around that as to how to get to that weight. A feasible weight at two years with-out intensive feedlot feeding is probably between 650 – 700kg. This implies that we need to add be-tween 420 and 470kg in 450days (If you wean at end of April at 230kg, and the auction is in August). This is an average daily gain of roughly 1kg/animal/day over 450 days.
This is where a fodder flow plan comes in place. The growth achievable on a production lick depends on the type of roughage an animal is fed. For in-stance: gaining 1,5–1,7 kg/day on Beefbooster 18 is very much achievable on green summerveld and/or pastures during the winter. But to get 500g growth/animal/day on dry winterveld is not as easy. Animals will probably grow between 600 – 900g/day on silage with Beefbooster 18 during the win-ter, and also on maize stalks with bufferlick.
21BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
The fi rst step then will be to determine how long you can feed animals on Beef-booster 18. Meadow Beefbooster 18 is an 18% protein ready mixed production lick. Of the 180g protein, only 39,3% is derived from NPN sources, meaning that 60,7% of the total protein is from natural protein sources. It contains Lasalocid – Na which can lead to a 22% gain in growth effi ciency on high quality roughage as well as Zinc Bacitracin. The energy levels in only 6,7 MJME/kg which means that the animal gains maximum carcass growth, as opposed to depositing fat.
If the summer is 165 days long (November – mid April), with an average growth of 1,3kg/animal/day, that takes care of roughly 214kg growth. This leaves us with a defi cit of 236kg and two winter periods to get that (May – October; fi rst year (180 days), and Mid April – September (165 days)). In other words: 345 days to gain 236kg equals an average gain of 700g/day. To achieve this with a production lick is a tight order.
The fi rst option is to give these bulls access to either irrigated pastures or oats for a period of average 90 days every winter, on Beefbooster 18. This will yield an ad-ditional 115kg (ADG of 1,3) per season which will get the animals to the desired weight without expecting great gain from winterveld (165 days on a lick). A recom-mended production lick for additional growth: lambing lick.
Second option will be either to put these bulls on maize crop residue with a pro-duction lick like Bufferlick, or feed them maize silage on veld with Beefbooster 18. In both cases growth should be between 600 – 900g/day. To get the same growth, this must be done for 150 days per dry season. Again: for the rest of the period, look at lambing lick. Bufferlick is a production lick that has been specifi -cally developed for the growth of animals on maize crop residue and the preven-tion of acidosis while grazing maize crop residue. It contains 26% protein of which 60.15% is derived from NPN sources (39,85% natural protein), and Lacalocid, a growth stimulant also used in Beefbooster 18.
The third option will be to give all young bulls a production lick with a high natural protein content (lambing lick @1kg/animal/day), aim at moderate growth during the winter months, and put them in a feedlot, for a limited time (75 days)with reduced energy levels and higher natural protein content. Such a ration will look like this:
Hitech feedlot 50 concentrate: 100kg
Multimix concentrate: 50kg (a natural protein concentrate 40%)
Chop / maize: 850kg
Roughage: ad lib
In order for the animals to adapt well on veld after the auction, it is important that the period of feeding animals in a feedlot ends at least six weeks before the sale. During the last month in the feedlot it might be considered to add 50kg of cotton seed instead of Multimix concentrate (helps with the appearance of the hide).
The last six weeks before the auction, animals must be fed in smaller camps on grazing, with ad lib. Hay and, if possible, silage – supplemented with Supreme 20 at 2kg/day.
Supreme 20 is a ready mixed production lick with 20% protein (84,1% from NPN), no growth stimulants and an energy value of 8 MJME/kg.
Jurie Naude
22 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
“The fat bulls in our tests showed a reduction of 50% sperm reserves, half as many motile sperm, one third as many normal sperm and eleven times less servic-es.” (Coulter).
“High energy rations fed to young bulls in order to achieve rapid growth rates or fatten the bull for a show does adversely affect reproductive character-istics of the bull.” (Richardson).
“Bulls fed high gaining rations often lay down fat in the scrotum, and this results in lower fertility. The testes normally maintain a temperature four to six degrees cooler than body temperature. If fat deposits de-velop in the neck of the scrotum, the countercurrent
heat exchange, where warm blood from the body is cooled by the blood in the testes, is disrupted. Sperm production is not normal at higher temperatures and results in impaired reproductive traits.” (Pruitt).
“Overfat bulls have decreased fertility and decreased stamina for mounting and seeking cows in heat. A Canadian study reported that feeding high energy diets to young bulls damaged their sperm producing ability to the extent that several bulls in the study were sterile.” (Nelson).
“Overfat young bulls that are infertile (too much fat deposited in the scrotum interferes with sperm pro-duction and viability).” (Thomas).
Facts about fat bulls(Simmentaler joernaal 2007)
23BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
24 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Inleiding
Diereteelt manipuleer lank reeds gene deur seleksie van diere wat die beste presteer.
Ouers is geselekteer vir sekere ekonomies belan-grike eienskappe en estetiese eienskappe in op-eenvolgende generasies. Hierdie konvensionele teelstrategieë het ‘n drastiese toename in produks-iedoeltreffendheid oor tyd teweeg gebring. Die frekwensie van gunstige eienskappe is vermeerder en dié van ongunstige eienskappe verminder. Moderne tegnologie maak die opspoor en gebruik van ekonomies belangrike eienskappe by vleis- en melkbeeste vandag veel meer betroubaar. Hi-erdie oorerflike eienskappe kan deur DNA tegnolo-gie reeds vroeg na geboorte, selfs voorgeboorte op embrio stadium, opgespoor en bepaal word. Hoewel hierdie tegnologie nog in sy kinderskoene staan, moet telers nou reeds die besluit neem om hierdie tegnologie te gebruik en hoe om dit te ge-bruik.
Oorerflike eienskappe
Oorerflike eienskappe kan in twee breë katogorieë gesien word nl. enkelgeen eienskappe en die sogenaamde kwantitatiewe eienskappe wat bepaal word deur kwantitatiewe loci (K+L). Enkel-geen eienskappe word deur enkel gene bepaal en is hoofsaaklik siekteverwant bv. Pompe se siekte, kritiese ruggraat afwykings en BLAD. Kwantitatiewe eienskappe is meesal van ekonomiese en este-tiese belang. Hierdie eienskappe word beïnvloed deur verskeie gene wat elk ‘n additiewe bydra tot die variasie van die eienskap maak. Hulle word as ‘n groep kwantitatiewe loci genoem en word ge-meet op ‘n aaneenlopende skaal.
& DNA TOETSING DAARVOORDie belang van Kwantitatiewe Loci
DNA toetse vir beide enkelgeen eienskappe en K+L is reeds kommersieël beskikbaar en verander die paradigma deur produsente toe te laat om die genetiese potensiaal van hul diere vroeg en akkuraat te takseer sodat hulle bestuur kan word.
DNA toetse vir kwantitatiewe eienskappe
Sowat vier jaar gelede was daar geen kommersiële toetse vir kwantitatitewe eienskappe en kwantita-tiewe loci beskikbaar nie. Vandag is daar verskeie gepatenteerde DNA toetse vir hierdie ekonomies en estetiese belangrike eienskappe beskikbaar. Veral vleissmaak en -gehalte, velkleur, voeromset-ting en melkvolume en -gehalte word deur hierdie toetse geteiken. Verskeie toetse is reeds beskikbaar om hierdie eienskappe te bepaal en slegs enkeles sluit in:
(i) GeneStar Marmering
Die genestar toete toets vir variante van die tiro-globuliengeen wat geassosieer word met hoër marmering. Daar word vir vier variante in die geen getoets en die resultate word as ‘n ster-gradering van 0 tot 8 sterre weergee.
(ii) GeneStar Sagtheidstoetse:
Hierdie toetse toets vir variasie in die Cal-pastatin- en Calpaingeen en meet die spesi-fieke variante binne hierdie twee gene wat tot die graad van sagtheid van vleis bydra. Ook hier word resultate as ‘n stergradering van 0 tot 8 sterre uitgedruk.
(iii) Tru-Tenderness toetse vir vleissagtheid:
Hierdie toetse maak gebruik van 11 verskillende unieke DNA merkers wat elk met vleissagtheid geassosieer word. Hulle kumulatiewe effek verk-
Deur Dr Munro Marx, Unistel
25BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
26 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
laar ‘n groot gedeelte van die variasie van hi-erdie komplekse metaboliese eienskap.
(iv) Ingenity Leptien toetse:
Die leptien geen speel ‘n rol by die reguler-ing van voerinname, energiebalans, melk-produksie, vleismarmering en vrugbaarheid. Dus kan kennis oor die dier se Leptingenotipe help met die strategiese bestuur van teel, voed-ing en bestuur. Resultate word weergee deur ‘n genotipe van tt, tc en cc. Die tt genotipe word geassosieer met ‘n toename in vetneerlegging en beter vleisgradering. Die cc genotipe word geassosieer met maer vleis en ‘n afname in vet-neerlegging. Die tc genotype is intermediêr tot die vorige twee.
(v) Ingenity Component Marker toetse:
Die Component Marker toetse identifiseer ‘n koei se potensiaal vir die produksie van melk-komponente. Die natuurlike variasie van ‘n geen wat die metaboliese pad van proteïen-sintese reguleer, word bepaal en uitgedruk as ‘n genotipe nl CC, Cc en cc. Die voorkoms van hierdie genotipes mag grootliks varieer tussen melkbeesrasse. Daar is ‘n groot verskil in melk-produksie (-135), vet (12) en proteïen (15) tussen die CC en cc genotype.
Die ekonomiese gebruik van kwantitatiewe loci toetse in teling
Die hoofaanwending van toetse om die kwantita-tiewe loci genotipe van teeldiere te bepaal, lê in die seleksieprosedure wat ‘n teler wil volg en die spesifieke eienskap waarvoor geselekteer en geteel wil word. DNA toetse moet gesien word as ‘n rev-olusionêre werktuig wat produsente in staat stel om vroeë teelbesluite te neem wat die akkuraatheid van seleksie verhoog en die ouderdom van diere waaroor besluite gemaak word, verminder. Diere met ‘n hoër potensiaal vir getoetste kenmerke tes-ame met ander seleksie kriteria, soos bou en kleur, kan identifiseer word. So word die ekonomiese waarde van die kudde dan verhoog.
Voordele van DNA toetsing
1. Bekende genotipes van ouerdiere maak die voospelling van die nageslag se genotipe veel meer akkuraat.
2. Kwantitatiewe kenmerke word bepaal deur ver-skeie geen-interaksies en hierdie effek kan net gemeet word deur toetsing.
3. Die korrekte kombinasie van kwantitatiewe loci kan slegs met DNA toetsing geselekteer word en dit het ‘n direkte invloed op die ekonomiese waarde van die nageslag aangaande vleisge-halte, melkproduksie en voeromset.
4. Met seleksie vir die korrekte genotipes by teeld-iere, veral bulle, kan die frekwensie van voordeli-
ge genotipes binne die kudde vinnig verbeter word.
5. Diere met ‘n hoë potensiaal om nageslag met ekonomies voordelige eienskappe te teel, sal teen ‘n premie aangekoop moet word.
Opsommend
Beter marmering en sagtheid by karkasse lei direk tot beter gradering. Dit het voordelige ekonomiese implikasies. Verbeterde melkvolume en gehalte produksie het nie net vir melkboere ekonomiese voordele nie, maar by vleisbeestelers kan melkge-halte direk ‘n invloed hê op die prestasie van kalw-ers.
Die sleutel van hierdie voordele lê daarin dat ge-netiese inligting omtrent voordelige eienskappe wat duur is om te meet, koste-effektief geneties bepaal kan word. Dit is in die hele seleksieproses van kardinale belang dat die genetiese samestell-ing van ‘n kudde bekend is. Die inligting word deur DNA toetsing, prestasietoetsing en seleksie vir fisiese kenmerke verky.
DNA toetsing stel dus stoettelers sowel as kommer-siële produsente in staat om ingeligte besluite om-trent kruising en bestuur te maak.
27BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
28 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
What is Accuracy?
By definition, an EBV is an estimate of an animal’s true breeding value. The “ac-curacy” figure produced with each EBV provides a measure of the stability of the EBV and gives an indication of the amount of information that has been used in the calculation of that EBV. The higher the accuracy the lower the likelihood of change in the animal’s EBV as more information is analysed for that animal, it’s progeny or it’s relatives.
How is Accuracy Reported?
Accuracy figures are reported as a percentage (%) between 0 – 99.
In most cases where an EBV is presented, the accuracy of the EBV will be reported in either the column immediately following the EBV or the row beneath the EBV.
How do I interpret Accuracy?
The following guide may be useful for interpreting accuracy:
less than 50% accuracy - the EBVs are preliminary. EBVs in this range will have been calculated based on very little information. These EBVs could change sub-stantially as more direct performance information becomes available on the ani-mal.
50-74% accuracy - the EBVs are of medium accuracy. EBVs in this range will usu-ally have been calculated based on the animal’s own performance and some limited pedigree information.
75-90% accuracy - the EBVs are of medium-high accuracy. EBVs in this range will usually have been calculated based on the animal’s own performance coupled with the performance for a small number of the animal’s progeny.
more than 90% accuracy - the EBVs are a high accuracy estimate of the ani-mal’s true breeding value. It is unlikely that EBVs will change considerably with ad-dition of more progeny data.
Although the accuracy of an EBV should be considered, animals should be com-pared on EBVs regardless of accuracy. Where two animals have the same EBV however, the animal with the higher accuracy would normally be used more heavily than the bull with the lower accuracy because the results can be pre-dicted with more confidence.
Remember, all information that is known about an animal and its relatives is considered in the calculation of its EBVs. Subsequently, the EBV will be the best estimate available of an animal’s genetic merit, regardless of accuracy.
For more information regarding accuracy, please contact staff at BREEDPLAN.
Interpreting Accuracy
‘n Unieke kenmerk van BREEDPLAN is dat dit EO-kal-wers kan insluit in ontledings. Die volgende praktyke word aanbeveel om te verseker dat the teelwaardes (BTW’s) die akuraatste kan wees:• die ontvanger ‘n koei is wat in u kudde geteel is;• die ontvanger tot dieselfde ras as die EO-kalf be-
hoort;• die ontvanger ten minste een kalf op natuurlike
wyse grootgemaak het, en hierdie kalf prestasie-aangeteken is in u kudde;
EMBRIO-OORPLASING (EO)• ontvangermoeders in ‘n EO-program ewe oud
is of (ten minste) geboortejare vir die ontvangers verskaf is;
• embrios van verskillende vaars en moeders in dieselfde program ingeplant is (i.e. spoel ‘n paar koeie of gebruik bevrore embrios);
• u GENOOTSKAP in kennis stel of gesplete embrios ingeplant is en die operasie geslaagd was.
(Ekstrak uit Breedplan Gebruikers Handleiding)
29BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
1. Aktiewe lede 126;2. Streeksverdeling van telers: Noordwes 2; Vrystaat 48; Namibië 6; Mpumalan-
ga 17; Gauteng + Limpopo 10; Noord-Kaap 12; Wes/Oos-Kaap 8; KwaZulu Natal 23;
3. Dieretal in besit van aktiewe lede 12117 (8224 vroulik en 3893 manlik);4. Gemiddelde kudde grootte: 65 vroulike diere;5. Ouderdoms verdeling van vroulik: 40% onder 2 jaar, 35% van twee tot vyf
jaar, 10% ses tot 8 jaar, 2% ouer as 8 jaar;6. Seleksie: net 4 van elke 10 bulle word geregistreer7. Breedplan prestasietoetsing: 74% van alle telers met 88% van alle diere;8. Gemiddelde gewig van Brangus in SA en Namibie (tabel) GEM Geboorte 31.1 Speen 220 400-dae 295 600-dae 391 Volwasse koeie gewig 491 Koei/kalf speen verhouding 44.8% Ouderdom eerste kalwing 32.2 Interkalf periode 32.2 Skrotum omvang 33.2cm9. Teeldoelwit: Sien bladsy 6010. Stambome, teelwaardes, kontak inligting van telers en menigte ander
gegewens van 126 telers an 150 000 Brangus diere, is vrylik en gratis beskik-baar by www.brangus.org.za
Brangus Stats
BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag30
31BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
32 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
33BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
34 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
35BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
36 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsBruljant C03 8
Elandspruit 02 319
37BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
38 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsFE0453
Sundance
39BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
40 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
41BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
42 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsT-X 02 13
V5 02 50 Thickset
Tank
5 Ster sagtheid van vleis. Tantieme van R100 per registrasie
not recomendedfor heifers
43BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsLabor 8L
Wiljada 02 5
44 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
45BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
46 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
47BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
48 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
49BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
50 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsV5 02 77 Performer Extra
V5 03 26 Thickset
51BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
52 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsPRIVAAT
53BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
54 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
55BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
56 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
KI Bulle
AI Bulls
AI BullsPRIVAAT
57BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
58 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
59BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Vei
lin
g u
itsl
ae
60 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
‘n Ras sonder teeldoelwitte is rigtingloos en verlore. Die Raad, telers en kenners het op ‘n Bosberaad te Parys ‘n profiel opgestel van hoe die ideale Bran-gus; visueel eienskappe (Liniere stelsel 1-9 met 5 as ideal) en volgens BLUP teelwaardes lyk. Dit is ‘n goed gebalanseerde kombinasie van funksionele eien-skappe en teelwaardes van ekonomiese belangrike eienskappe wat gebaseer is op:
• Behoeftes van die komersiële vleisbeesboer• Die bestaande rasstandarde;• Om die goeie eienskappe waarvoor die Brangus
bekend is verder uit te bou en om enige nega-tiewe eienskappe aan te spreek
A breed without a breeding goal lacks direction and is lost. At a THINK TANK in Parys the Brangus Board, prominent breeders and consultants developed a profile of the ideal Brangus using visual (linear system 1-9 with 5 ) and breeding values of economically important traits based on:
• Requirement of commercial beef cattle producers;• The breed standards;• To further improve the positive traits the Brangus is
already known for and to address any negative traits that is hampering the further expansion of the breed
Brangus TeeldoelwitteB R A N G U S B R E E D I N G G O A L S
The South African Brangus is described as a breed that:
§ Polled§ Is adaptable (reproduces regularly) under a wide
range of conditions§ Has light birth weights§ Produces Medium frame cows that are - Effi-
cient - weans more than 45% of cow weight- have good mothering ability and - above average milk
§ Produces calves with high weaning weight and good feed conversion ratios
§ Has excellent meat quality§ Docile breed
61BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Die Brangus teeldoelwit word as volg uiteengesit:
The Brangus breeding goals are as follows:
A. Functional traits that must be evaluated by breeder at weaning / Funksionele eienskappe wat deur die teler moet geëvalueer word by speen.
1. Makheid/Docility
2. Skede lengte / Sheath length
3. Skede opening / Sheath opening
Makheids punt ⁄Docility ScoreMakheidDocility
Stiller as gemiddeld maar ietwat rusteloos, mag koppig tydens hantering wees, mag probeer om uit die drukgang te retireer, trek terug aan kopklem, swiep stert ietwat, verlaat drukgang pront.
quieter than average but slightly restless, may be stubborn during handling, may try to back out of crush, pulls back on headgate, some flicking of tail, exits crush promptly.
Tipiese temperament, hanteerbaar maar senuagtig en ongeduldig, matige graad van worsteling, beweging en swiep van stert, druk en pluk aan kopklem, verlaat drukgang baie lewendig.
typical temperament, manageable but nervous and impatient, a moderate amount of struggling, movement and tail flicking, repeated pushing and pulling on headgate, exits crush briskly.
Skrikkerig en buite beheer, wil en worstel hewig, mag bulk en skuim om bek, swiep stert deurgaans, ontlas en urineer tydens hantering, hardloop waansinnig met omheinings langs en mag spring wanneer individueel ingehok, vertoon ‘n lang “vlug” –afstand en storm uit die drukgang.
jumpy and out of control, quivers and struggles violently, may bellow and froth at mouth, continuous tail flicking, defecates and urinates during handling, frantically runs fenceline and may jump when penned individually, exhibits long flight distance and exits crush wildly.
Dieselfde simptome as by klassifikasie 4, maar met aggressiwiteit daarby, angstig, uiters onrustig en gejaagd, spring en bulk terwyl in drukgang, verlaat drukgang waansinnig en mag aanvalsgedrag vertoon wanneer alleen hanteer word.
may be similar to score 4 but with added aggressive behaviour, fearful, extreme agitation, continuous movement which may include jumping and bellowing while in crush, exits crush frantically and may exhibit attack behaviour when handled alone.
1. Mak ⁄ Docile
2. Rusteloos ⁄ Restless
3. Senuagtig ⁄ Nervous
4. Tempera- menteel (Wild) ⁄ Flighty (wild)
5. Aggressief ⁄ Aggressive
goeie geaardheid, sag, maklik hanteerbaar, staan en beweeg stadig met hantering, onversteurd, bestendig, ietwat dooierig, pluk nie aan kopklem wanneer in drukgang, verlaat drukgang kalm.mild disposition, gentle and easily handled, stands and moves slowly during handling, undisturbed, settled, somewhat dull, does not pull on headgate when in crush, exits crush calmly.
9 Sheath opening shows distinct skin folds, opening is tightly closed, no prolaps visible;
6 Sheath opening shows distinct skin folds, opening is tightly closed, prolaps of less than 2 cm can hang out but the animal must be able to retract it completely;
5 Sheath opening shows distinct skin folds, opening is tightly closed, prolaps of less than 5 cm can hang out but the animal must be able to retract it completely;
3 Sheath opening shows skin folds, opening is not fully closed, prolaps of less than 7 cm can hang out but the animal must be able to retract it completely;
1 Sheath opening shows no skin folds, open-ing is always open, pronounced prolaps constantly hangs out
62 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
B. Functional traits that must be evaluated at inspection / Funksionele eienskappe wat by keuring moet geëvalueer word (18-36 ma/mo).
1. Voorbene / Front legs2. Agterbene - syaansig / Read legs (side view)3. Agterbene - agteraansig / Rear legs (rear view)4. Koot gewrigte / Pastern
C. Ander eienskappe wat tydens keuring geëvalueer word/ Other traits that are evaluated during in-spection
1. Horings/horns; scurs; knoppies; polled/poenskop2. Kleur / Colour3. Bespiering / Muscling4. Geslagtelike ontwikkeling / Sexual development5. Algehele indruk / General appearance6. Genetiese defekte / Genetic defects7. Haar kleed / Coat 8. Tipe / Type (Brahman - Angus)
D. Reproduction / Reproduksie Heifers must calf before 40 months and should then calve every year days (Maximum 540 days)/ Verse moet voor 40 maande kalf en daarna elke jaar (Maximum 540 dae)
E. Breeding values and linear score goals /Teelaarde en lineêr punt doelwitte
Birth Weight 200-Day 600-Day MCW 200-Day Scrotal Docility Sheath Sheath (kg) Weight Weight (kg) Milk Size (cm) (Score) Lenght Opening (kg) (kg) (kg) (Score) (Score)
Top 1% -1.5 +20 +37 +43 +7 +1.4
Top 5% -0.5 +16 +31 +34 +5 +0.8
Top 10% -0.1 +15 +28 +30 +4 +0.6 9 9
Top 20% +0.4 +13 +25 +26 +3 +0.4 8 8
Top 30% +0.7 +12 +23 +24 +3 +0.3 7 7
Top 40% +0.9 +11 +21 +22 +2 +0.2 6 6
Breed Avg +1.0 +10 +20 +21 +2 +0.1 5 5 5
Top 60% +1.2 +9 +19 +20 +2 +0.1 4 4 4
Top 70% +1.4 +9 +18 +18 +1 +0.0 3 3 3
Top 80% +1.6 +7 +16 +16 +1 -0.1 2 2 2
Top 90% +2.1 +6 +13 +12 -0 -0.3 1 1 1
Top 95% +2.6 +4 +10 +9 -1 -0.5
Top 99% +3.7 +1 +5 +1 -3 -1.0
In green the ideal EBVs and linear scores for the Brangus of tomorrow
63BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
64 Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
• Word teler van ’n ras wat sy ledetal in die laaste 3 jaar verdubel het;
• Professionele veekundige adviesdiens tydens jaarlikse kuddebesoek deur geakrediteerde rasa-dviseur.
• Koop diere (met behulp van rasadviseur) en/of begin deur u eie Brangus tipe vroulike dier (Brah-manXAngus) vir opname as Appendix A(F1) of B(F2) aan te bied;
• Groot genepoel beskikbaar – werelwyd is die An-gus die grootste vleisbees ras en die Brahman die mees talryke ras in die tropies gebiede.
• Kombinasie van twee uitstekende rasse: vrug-baarheid (aanpasbaarheid), vleiskwaliteit, klein kalfi es (31kg), bogemidelde speengewig (217kg), koeie medium raam (480kg) – Brangus- “die nat-uurlike kurwe knakker”
• “South African Tenderizer” Scientifi c results show that 98% of all Brangus Carcasses are tender to extremely tender;
• Teel poenskop;• Doelgerigte praktiese teelprogramme met ‘n
oop kuddeboek benadering• Kies kombinasie wat vir jou die beste werk in
jou omgewing (vanaf 3/16 Angus tot 3/16 Brah-man);
• Meerbulparing kan vir teling van A (F1) en B (F2) gebruik word;
• Ras kenners keur dier voor registrasie op die plaas. Seleksie gebaseer op voorkoms en prestasie;
• Deelname aan die wereld se mees gevorderde vleisbees prestasietoetsstelsel (30 mil.vleisbeeste van 37 rasse in 13 lande);
• Stambome, prestasie records en vele meer van all Brangusse gratis beskikbaar aan almal by www.brangus.org.za;
• Vaste fooie vir kuddes met meer as 500 koeie (koste per dier neem af soos kudde bo 500 koe-ie vergroot);
Brangus?Brangus?
65BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
66 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Swart Bulleklas 1 minus 18 mnde
Eerste RVW053 Tweede - Derde - klas 2 18 - 24 mnde Eerste MM04367 Tweede L04762 Derde MM04298 klas 3 25 - 30 mnde Eerste FE0447 Tweede BM048 Derde C0424 klas 4 Jnr Kampioen MM04367 Res Jnr Kampioen FE0447 klas 5 31 - 36 mnde Eerste TX0312 Tweede DD031 Derde L03707 klas 6 37 - 42 mnde Eerste CFH03150 Tweede CFH03162 Derde MBB03195 klas 7 42 plus mnde Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 8 Snr Kampioen TX0312 Res Snr Kampioen CFH03150 klas 9 Groot Kampioen Bul MM04367
9 Augustus 2006 te Harrismith
Swart Vroulike Diereklas 10 minus 18 mnde Eerste RVW0584 Tweede CFH05475 Derde - klas 11 18+ mnde (Oop) Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 12 18+ mnde (Dragtig) Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 13 Jnr Kampioen RVW0584 Res Jnr Kampioen CFH05475 klas 14 31 - 36 mnde Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 15 37 - 42 mnde Eerste ABC005 Tweede - Derde - klas 16 42 plus mnde Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 17 Snr Kampioen ABC005 Res Snr Kampioen - klas 18 Groot Kampioen Koei ABC005
Nasionale SkouNet diere wat op die Nasionale Veiling verkoop word, word geskou.
67BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Rooi Bulleklas 21 minus 18 mnde Eerste V50528 Tweede - Derde - klas 22 18 - 24 mnde Eerste NS04146 Tweede MJB0412 Derde BM0458 klas 23 25 - 30 mnde Eerste L04739 Tweede D04825 Derde NS04143 klas 24 Jnr Kampioen L04739 Res Jnr Kampioen NS04146 klas 25 31 - 36 mnde Eerste KB0327 Tweede KB0332 Derde TX0318 klas 26 37 - 42 mnde Eerste L03654 Tweede TX034 Derde - klas 27 42 plus mnde Eerste D01599 Tweede KB99127 Derde V50260 klas 28 Snr Kampioen D01599 Res Snr Kampioen KB0327 Klas 29 Groot Kampioen Bul D01599
Rooi Vroulike Diereklas 30 minus 18 mnde Eerste CFH0579 Tweede CFH05376 Derde RVW057 klas 31 18+ mnde (Oop) Eerste - Tweede L04758 Derde WD048 klas 32 18+ mnde (Dragtig) Eerste B0453 Tweede V50469 Derde RR042 klas 33 Jnr Kampioen CFH0579 CFH05376 Res Jnr Kampioen klas 34 31 - 36 mnde Eerste D03719 Tweede L03656 Derde - klas 35 37 - 42 mnde Eerste - Tweede - Derde - klas 36 42 plus mnde Eerste V5977 Tweede - Derde - klas 37 Snr Kampioen V5977 Res Snr Kampioen D03719Klas 38 Groot Kampioen Koei V5977
Dankie aan ons hoofborge:
68 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
GROEPE
klas 39 Veilings Bulle Eerste B0428, NS04164, NS04144, NS04143 Tweede JJR0413, JJR0416, JJR0465,JJR0497 Derde CFH03549, CFH03569, CFH03222, CFH03332 klas 40 Veilings Vroulike diere Eerste CFH0564, CFH0579, CFH05142, CFH05376 Tweede - Derde - klas 41 Bul & Vroulike diere Eerste V50260 & V5977 Tweede V50511 & V50469 Derde CFH03549 & CFH05376
OPPERSTE KAMPIOENE
Opperste Kampioen Bul D01599Opperste Kampioen Koei ABC005
Klas 42 BREEDPLAN KAMPIOEN BUL
Eerste FE0447 Tweede RVW053 Derde NS04146
• Maak voorsiening vir ‘n kort kalfseisoen. Dit vermeerder die aantal kalwers in elke groep en ver-minder die aantal groepe gebaseer op kalfouderdom.
• Weeg kalwers voordat hulle by bestuursgroepe ingedeel word (bv. merk, voeding).• Weeg alle kalwers van dieselfde geslag op dieselfde dag.• Beplan KI-programme om met natuurlike paring saam te val, of sluit ‘n vaar uit natuurlike dekking
in die KI-program in.• Gebruik meer as een KI-vaar in u KI-program.• Dra sorg dat soveel vaars as moontlik in elke bestuursgroep verteenwoordig is.• Moenie alle vaars in een jaar vervang nie.• Elke bestuursgroep moet net enersbehandelde diere insluit.• Hou koeie in groepe so groot as wat prakties is.• Moenie dieselfde koeigroeperings oor baie jare hou nie (i.e. herverdeel u koeie van jaar tot
jaar).
Groepeer slegs eners-behandelde kalwers.Hou groepe so groot as moontlik.
Behou genetiese diversiteit in elke groep.
om die maksimum voordeel uit u Breedplan-ontleding te kryAANBEVOLE PRAKTYKE
ABC005: Snr & Opperste kampioen swart koeiEienaar: R van Wyk
RVW0584: Junior kampioen swart versEienaar: R van Wyk
CFH03150: Res Senior kampioen swart bulEienaar: S van Oudtshoorn
D01599: Snr & Opperste kampioen rooi bulEienaar: Delport Boerdery
RVW053: Kampioen swart bul jonger as 18 maandeEienaar: R van Wyk
Junior kampioen rooi bulEienaar: Delport Boerdery
CFH0579: Junior kampioen rooi versEienaar: S van Oudtshoorn
TX0312: Senior kampioen swart bulEienaar: J Baxter
NA
SIO
NA
LE S
KOU
200
6
The future lies in the quality of the progeny BRANGUS 69
70 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Cattle that remain calm during handling in squeeze chutes have higher average daily gains than cattle that become agitated when restrained in a squeeze chute. This article will summarize some of the research the author and her students have done on temperament. Temperament was assessed on a 4 point scale while the animals were held in a squeeze chute.
1. Calm no movement2. Restless shifting3. Squirming continuous shaking of the squeeze
chute4. Rearing, twisting, continuous violent struggle
Another good measure of temperament is record-ing speed when cattle exit from a squeeze chute. Exit speed can be recorded by two methods. The first is a police radar unit that is used for measur-ing speeding cars and the second is recording the animal’s gait. Gait can be recorded as walk, trot, run, or jump. Gait scoring is very objective because the different gaits are very distinct.
Both Bos Taurus (European/English) cattle and Bos indicus (Brahman cross) cattle that became agi-tated during handling had significantly lower weight gains (Voisinet et al., 1997a). Calm animals had 14% to 10% higher weight gain. After these cattle were processed, their meat quality was measured. In the Brahman cross group, the animals that be-came excited and agitated in the squeeze chute had more borderline dark cutters and tougher meat. The calmest animals that stood still in the squeeze had Warner Bratzler Shear Force measure-ments that averaged 2.86 kg and the cattle that cattle that struggled violently during restraint had tougher meat that averaged 3.63 kg (Voisinet et al., 1997b). Forty percent of the agitated cattle had shear force measurements that were over 3.9 kg which is the threshold value for acceptability in food service establishments. Hiefers became more agitated in the squeeze chute than steers (Voisinet et al., 1997a).
Update on Cattle Temperament Testing (August 2003)
Since Voisenet et al. (1997) was published, re-searchers have conducted further studies on the relationship between cattle temperament and performance. Burrows and Dillon (1997) and Fell et al. (1999) used radar speed cameras to measure
the speed of cattle exiting a squeeze chute. Cat-tle with faster exit speeds had lower weight gains, more sickness, and more dark cutting meat.
Measuring the speed of cattle exiting a squeeze chute may be a less subjective and more accu-rate measurement of temperament than chute score where an observer assigns a score to the de-gree of agitation in the squeeze chute. Lanier et al. (2002) used both chute score and exit speed score to determine if cattle that had thin foreleg bones were more excitable. Exit speed scores were assigned for walk, trot, canter, or jump after exiting. The standard horse gaits were used and were assigned numbers of 1, 2, 3, or 4. This is less subjective than chute scores and no equipment is required. Cattle with thin foreleg bones exited at a faster gait. Chute score showed no significant differneces due to higher variability. Research by Baker et al. (2003) indicated that exit speed score is more accurate than chute score. They timed the speed of cattle movement between two laser sen-sors which were spaced 1.83 M (6 ft.) apart in front of the squeeze chute. Heifers exited faster than steers and high speeders had lower weight gains. R.D. Randel at Texas A&M University explained that for beef calves, chute score and exit score will both work. Chute scoring becomes much less ac-curate for old tame cows that are accustomed to the squeeze chute. For these animals, exit speed score is recommended. The use of laser sensors would be impractical on many ranches and more practical alternatives are the radar camera or sim-ple gait scoring of walk, trot, canter, or jump. Both methods are less subjective than chute scores. An-other way to improve chute score accuracy is to use four ratings as shown in this paper instead of five. When cattle are being temperament scored, the same people should move all of the cattle into the chute. Calm quiet handling is essential for accurate temperament scores. Yelling or exces-sive use of electric prods will distort temperament scores.
Experience Versus Genetics
Both an animal’s genetics and its previous experi-ences with handling will affect how it will react dur-ing handling. In one study Grandin (1993) assessed the temperament of bulls when they were handled in a squeeze chute four times at 30 day intervals. The same four point rating scale was used. The
Assessment of temperament in cattle and its effect on weight gain and meat quality and other recent research on hairwhorls, coat color, bone thickness,
and fertilityTemple Grandin, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171
71BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
72 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
temperament scores were stable over time for the calmest and the most agitated animals. Animals with middle ranking scores of 2 or 3 were more vari-able.
Temperament scoring will probably be more ac-curate for detecting genetic differences in animals when it is done in a novel environment. Cattle that are quietly handled every day in a squeeze chute will often become accustomed to it and learning will cause their temperament score to decrease. Therefore if bulls are being scored for tempera-ment it would be best to score them the first time they are handled in the squeeze chute. They should also be scored whenever they are handled. Unless they are handled very frequently in the squeeze chute, learning is less likely to affect the scores of either the most agitated or the calmest animals. Littlefield et all., 2001, found that cattle became easier to handle when they were carefully and qui-etly handled in a squeeze chute every day for eight days. The wildest most excitable animals remained in the back of the group and were the last animals to move through the squeeze chutes.
Ranchers have observed that some cattle may be calm at the home ranch and then become highly agitated and crash into a fence at an auction. Ani-mals that have flighty, excitable genetics may act calm at home where they are with familiar people, but may become highly agitated when they are suddenly driven into a novel environment such as an auction ring. Cattle with calmer genetics will usually behave in a relatively calm manner both at the home ranch and in a novel environment such as an auction. For more information on how new experiences affect behavior refer to (Gran-din 1997, 1998, 2000). The genetic effects on an animal’s reactivity and agitation are more likely to be exhibited when the animal is tested in a novel unfamiliar place.
Sensitivity to Stimuli and Temperament
Lanier et al. (2000) reported that one of the fac-tors which is part of an animal’s temperament is sensitivity to high pitched intermittent noise and rapid movement. Cattle were observed at cattle auctions in two different states. When each animal entered the ring it was rated for temperament. A rating of 1 stood still or walked, a rating of 2, trotted, a rating of 3 moved faster than a trot and a rating of 4 charged the fence or tried to jump out.
The cattle that flinched when the ringman swung his arm and “yipped” to take a bid were more likely to have a higher temperament score. What this means is that sensitivity to high pitched noise and rapid movement is one of the factors which comprises the temperament of an animal. Cattle that become agitated in an auction ring are more sensitive to certain stimuli. These animals appear to be more aware of what is going on in their environ-
ment. Observations by both the author and ranch-ers indicate that cattle that have the tendency to become easily agitated are the first animals to raise their heads and point their ears and eyes to-wards new sights and sounds.
Hairwhorls, Physical Traits, and Temperament
Two studies have shown that the position of the spi-ral hairwhorl on the forehead of cattle is related to their temperament score both in the squeeze chute and in the auction ring. A total of 1500 cattle were observed while they were being handled at a commercial feedlot. Cattle with a spiral hairwhorl above the eyes were more likely to become agi-tated in the squeeze chute than cattle with spiral hairwhorl below the eyes (Grandin et al., 1995). Fig-ure 1 shows an animal with a low hairwhirl. Lanier et al. (2000) found that cattle with a hairwhorl above the eyes were also more likely to become agitated in the auction ring. There were no purebred Brah-man or zebu cattle in these studies. Some of the cattle were Brahman crosses and the others were either English or European breeds. Purebred brah-mans are one breed that does not have a spiral hairwhorl on the forehead. Even in the English/Eu-ropean cattle about 22% had no hairwhorl. Cattle with no hairwhorl also become more agitated than cattle with normal spiral whorl (Lanier et al., 2000). Lanier et al., 2002, found that fine boned cattle with slender front foreleg bones were more flighty and ran out of the squeeze chute faster than cattle with thicker foreleg bones. The foreleg bone was 9% wider in the calmer animals. The cattle in this experiment were crossbreds of English and Euro-pean beef breeds. The body weight of the animal had no effect on temperatment scores. In another experiment, temperament and coat coloration in Holstein dairy cows was related. Rose et al (2002), found that Holsteins with mostly white heads were more flighty. Animals with large amounts of black coloration on their heads were calmer.
Tips on Temperament Selection
There is a need to select cattle and other animals to have a calm temperament. However over se-lection for any single physical or behavioral trait can cause problems (Grandin, 1998). It is probably a bad idea to select for the absolute most calm animals. Doing this might cause problems. For ex-ample, the Holstein dairy cow is very calm but she is a poor mother. Over selection for the calmest might cause a loss of other beneficial traits such as mothering ability or motivation to forage long distances on a pasture. A good approach to tem-perament selection is to cull the highly excitable animals that become highly agitated during han-dling. Cattle that kick, rear, jump fences or struggle violently during handling are dangerous and dif-ficult to handle. These animals also cause other cattle in a herd to become excited. They definitely should be culled.
73BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
74 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
A good principle when selecting for temperament is to cull the animals that rate a 4 and get rid of the “crazy” cattle. One also has to be careful not to cull a good animal that becomes highly agitated because the one in front of it was rearing or strug-gling.
Hairwhorls and Fertility
Cattle with abnormal asymetrical facial hairwhorls may also be less fertile. Meola et al (2002) found that Black Angus bulls with a perfect round spiral whorl on the forehead had a higher percentage of animals that passed the breeding soundness exam.
Bulls with an abnormal asymetrical forehead hair pattern that had an elongated epicenter that looked like a crooked line, were more likely to fail the breeding soundness exam.
Figure 1: Perfect spiral hairwhorl with a round epi-center that is located below the eyes. Cattle with hairwhorls above the top of the eyes are more ex-citable. Cattle with hairwhorls below the eyes are calmer. Bulls with perfect round hairwhorls with a round epicenter may be more fertile.
Bulls were sorted into two groups. Animals with per-fect round spirals with round epicenters and bulls with a single crooked line that was longer than the width of their eyes. Eighty three percent of the bulls with perfect round spirals passed the breeding soundess exam and only 50% of the bulls with a long crooked line passed.
References and Further Reading
Baker, J.E., Randel, R.D., and Long, C.R. Breed type and gender effects on chute exit velocity and chute temperament score in beef calves. J. Anim. Sci., 81:120 (Supl. 1) (Abstract).
Burrows, H.M. and Dillon, R.D. 1997. Relationship between tem-perament and growth in a feedlot and commercial carcass traits in Bos indicus crossbreds. Aust. J. Exper. Agric. 37:407-411.
Fell, L.R. Colditz, I.G., Walker, K.H., and Watson, D.L. 1999. Asso-ciations between temperament, performance, and immune function in cattle entering a commercial feedlot. Aust. J. Exper. Agric. 39:795-802.
Grandin, T. 1993. Behavioral agitation is persistent over time. Appl. Anim. Behaviour Sci. 36:1-9.
Grandin, T., M.J. Deesing, J.J. Struthers and A.M. Swinker. 1995. Cattle with hairwhorls above the eyes are more behaviorally
Figure 2: Abnormal, asymetrical hair pattern with an elongated epicenter that is longer than the width of the eyes. Bulls with abnormal hairwhorl pat-terns like this may be less fertile.
75BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
agitated during restraint. Appl. Anim. Behaviour Sci. 46:117-123.
Grandin, T., 1997. Assessment of stress during handling and transport. J. Anim. Sci. 75:249-257.
Grandin, T. 1998. (Editor) Genetics and the Behavior of Domes-tic Animals, Academic Press, San Diego, California.
Grandin, T. 2000 (Editor) Livestock Handling and Transport, 2nd Edition, CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.
Lanier, J.L., T. Grandin, R.D. Green, and K. McGee. 2000. The relationship between reaction to sudden intermittent move-ments and sounds and temperament. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1467-1474.
Lanier, J.L., T. Grandin. 2002. The relationship between Bos Tau-rus feedlot cattle temperament and foreleg bone measure-ments. Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Vol. 53:97-98.
Littlefi eld V., Grandin, T., and Lanier, J.L. 2001. Quiet handling of
heifers reduces aversion to restraint. Journal of Animal Science, 79:277, (Supl. 1))(Abstract).
Meola, M., Grandin, T., Burns, P.D., and Mortimes, R.G. 2002. Quality of spermatozoal morphology in Angus yearling bulls may be related to hairwhorl shape. Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 53:124-126.
Rose, S., Grandin, T., and Wailes, W.R. 2002. The relationship between Holstein head coloration and temperament. Animal Sciences Research Report. Colorado State University. pp. 147-148.
Voisinet, B.D., T. Grandin, S.F. O’Connor, J.D. Tatum and M.J. Deesing. 1997b.Bos indicus cross feedlot cattle with excitable temperaments have tough meat and a higher incidence of borderline dark cutters, Meat Sci. 46:367-377.
Voisinet, B.D., T. Grandin, J.D. Tatum, S.F. O’Connor and J.J. Struthers. 1997a. Feedlot cattle with calm temperaments have higher average daily gains than cattle with excitable tempera-ments. J. Anim. Sci. 75:892-896.
OOS-KAAPboeredag‘n Boeredag is gehou op 26 April te Winterberge, en is deur meer as 80 boere bygewoon.
Robbie Morgan in action
76 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
77BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Coat colour in Brangus cattle is important from an economic standpoint. The Brangus breed in South Africa portrays a variety of colours, ranging from black to red (with all possible shades in between). Brindle genes also occur within the population.
There are a number of sets of genes that deter-mine colour of cattle.
The most common gene sets are:
• Basic Coat Colour • Brindle• Dilution of basic colour • Dun
in Brangus CattleINHERITANCE OF COLOUR
Paul Lubout - Brangus
Red ee Red (Wild) BlackRed ee ee eE+ eE Red Red (Wild) Black
Red Wild eE+ E+EE+E+ Red Wild E+E+ Black Red Wild
Black Ee EE+ EEEE Black Black Black
Figure 1: Breeding chart for predicting coat colour of calves from parental matings.
Locus Locus Allele Mode of inheritanceSymbol name symbol Allele name/description relative to wild type Breed distributionE Extension ED Dominant black/uniformly Dominant Holstein, Angus, ect. black at birthE Extension E+ Brown-black with darker - Jersey, Brown Swiss, Brahman extremities, bulls are darker than Cows and calves are born a reddish brown (wild type)E Extension e Red/red without any dark pigmentation Recessive to ED and E+ Hereford, Red Angus, Guernsey Simmental and other red breedsBr Brindle BR Brindle/alternating stripes black Dominant to lack of brindling Most solid red ad black breeds and red pimentationDc Charolais Dc Charolais dilution/heterozygotes: Nearly completely dominant Charolais Dilution strong dilution of black to light grey, red to light cream; homozygotes are white or nearly whiteDs Simmental Ds Simmental dilution/heterozygotes: Incompletely dominant Simmental, Scottish Highland, Dilution moderat dilution of black to light grey, red to light red; homozygotes are lighter Murrey grey, some GelbviehDn Dun Dn Dun/removal of red pigmentaion Incompletely dominant Brown Swiss, Brahman, Chianina with a reduced effect upon black pigment
Table 1: Mutants influencing the colour of cattle.
This article outlines the potential inheritance of coat colour in Brangus cattle in South Africa.
Basic Colour Genes (DNA test available)
There are three forms of the gene controlling basic coat colour
E Black Gene.
E+ Red animal with black on the head and neck and hind quarter (Wild gene). Can vary according to sex, bulls are darker than cows
e Red Gene
Every animal carries Two Genes for Basic Coat Co-lour.
• Where both are the same genes, the animal is Homozygous for that gene and will breed true, for that gene, as it can only pass on one of that type to its progeny. (eg EE = Homozygous for Black)
• Where both are different genes, the animal is Heterozygous for that gene and will, not breed true. for either gene. It can pass either type of gene to its progeny. (eg Ee or EE+ = Heterozy-gous for Black and Heterozygous for Red)
The Black Gene is Dominant over the Wild Gene (E+) and Red Gene(e) and the Wild gene (E+) is dominant over the Red Gene(e)
Brindle Genes (DNA test available)
78 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
There are two forms of the gene controlling brindle colour (alternating stripes of black and red pig-mentation).
Br Brindle Gene . Dominates, causing the coat co-lour to be brindle.
br Non Brindle Gene . Recessive form of the gene. Does not brindle coat colour.
Every animal carries Two Genes for Brindle colour .
• Br Br - Animal is Brindle. Homozygous for Brindle• Br br - Animal is Brindle. Heterozygous for Brindle• br br - Animal is not Brindle (Homozygous for
solid colour)
Animals carrying the black gene (EE or Ee) suppress the development of the red colour and thus all ani-mals that carry the dominant Brindle gene (Br Br or Br br) are black.
Dilution Gene (Simmetal)
There are two forms of the gene controlling dilution of coat colour
Ds Dilution Gene. Dominates, causing the coat colour to be diluted.
ds Non Dilution Gene. It is an incomplete domi-nant gene. Does not dilute coat colour
Every animal carries Two of the Dilution Genes. It is known that there are additional modifying genes that cause further variations in colour shades.
Dun Gene
There are two forms of the gene controlling dun coat colour
Ds Dun Gene . Dominates, causing the coat co-lour to be diluted.
ds Non Dun Gene. It is an incomplete dominant gene. Does not dilute coat colour
Every animal carries Two of the Dun Genes.
See attached illustrations for explanation on inheri-tance
Base colour Brindle (Br) Dilution (Ds) Dun (Dn) EEbrbrdsds (Black) EEbrbrdsdsdndn Black EEbrbr EEbrbrdsDs (Dark grey) EEbrbrdsDsdndn Dark Grey Black EEbrbrDsDs (Light grey) EEbrbrDsDsdndn Light Grey
EEBrbrdsds (Black) EEBrbrdsdsdndn BlackEE EEBrbr EEBrbrdsDs (Dark grey) EEBrbrdsDsdndn Dark GreyBlack Black EEBrbrDsDs (Light grey) EEBrbrDsDsdndn Light Grey
EEBrBrdsdS (Black) EEBrBrdsdsdndn Black EEBrBr EEBrBrdsDs (Dark grey) EEBrBrdsdsdndn Dark Grey Black EEBrBrDsDs (Light grey) EEBrBrDsDsdndn Light Grey
E+E+brbrdsds (Dark red-wild gene) E+E+brbrdsdsdndn (Dark chocolate red wild gene) E+E+brbr E+E+brbrdsDs (Red-wild gene) E+E+brbrdsDsdndn (Chocolate red Red (wild gene) wild gene) E+E+brbrDsDs (Light red wild gene) E+E+brbrDsDsdndn (Light chocolate red wild gene)
E+E+Brbrdsds (Dark red brindle wild gene) E+E+Brbrdsdsdndn (Dark chocolate red brindle wild gene)E+E+ E+E+Brbr E+E+BrbrdsDs (Red brindel wild gene) E+E+BrbrdsDsdndn (Chocolate redRed with Red Brindle brindle wild gene)dark (Wild gene) E+E+BrbrDsDs (Light red brindle wild gene) E+E+BrbrDsDsdndn (Light chocolateextremities red brindle wild gene)(Wild gene) E+E+BrBrdsdS (Dark red brindle wild gene) E+E+BrBrdsdsdndn (Dark chocolate red brindle wild gene) E+E+BrBr E+E+BrBrdsDs (Red brindel wild gene) E+E+BrBrdsDsdndn (Chocolate red Red brindle wild gene) (Wild gene) E+E+BrBrDsDs (Light red brindle wild gene) E+E+BrBrDsDsdndn (Light chocolate red wild gene)
79BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
NOTE. Modifying genes can still cause futher shadings of red
eebrbrdsds (dark red) eebrbrdsdsdndn (dark chocolate red) eeBrbr eebrbrdsDs (red) eebrbrdsDsdndn (chocolate red) Red eebrbrDsDs (light red) eeBrbrdsdsdndn (light chocolate red)
eeBrbrdsds (dark red brindle) eeBrbrdsdsdndn (dark chocolate brindle red)ee eeBrbr eeBrbrdsDs (red brindle) eeBrbrdsDsdndn (chocolate brindle red)red red brindle eeBrbrDsDs (light brindle) eeBrbrDsDsdndn (light chocolate brindle red)
eeBrBrdsds (dark red brindle) eeBrBrdsdsdndn (dark chocolate brindle red) eeBrBr eeBrBrdsDs (red brindle) eeBrBrdsDsdndn (chocolate brindle red) red brindle eeBrBrDsDs (light red brindle) eeBrBrDsDsdndn (light chocolate brindle red)
Base colour Brindle (Br) Dilution (Ds) Dun (Dn)
80 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Mem
bers
nam
e A
ddre
ss
Hom
e W
ork
Fax
Cel
l1
Cel
l2
E-m
ail
BOTH
A AE
PO
SBU
S 55
2, M
AGAL
IESB
UR
G 1
791
014
577
2022
saa
ns
014
5772
022
014
5771
080
0833
4882
84
BO
THA
J PO
SBU
S 23
, HEI
DEL
BER
G 2
400
016
3421
601
0833
8840
00
M
ARTI
NS
PF
21 W
EST
RID
ING
RD
, FER
RYV
ALE,
NIG
EL 1
491
011
814
3289
01
1 81
4 32
89
0278
2814
3674
PATE
RSO
N J
PO
BO
X 6,
HEK
POO
RT
1790
01
4 57
6127
2
08
2338
9189
TIPP
ETT
DJ
PO B
OX
8302
, DIE
HEU
WEL
104
2 01
3 65
0901
1 01
3 65
0901
1 01
3 65
6635
4 08
3233
7918
daw
sont
@fre
emai
l.co.
zaVE
NTE
R R
& M
ENTZ
W
POSB
US
1083
1, C
ENTU
RIO
N 0
046
012
667
3600
01
2 66
3 13
12
012
663
8930
08
2444
5301
08
2888
8550
w
men
tz@
afgr
i.co.
za
Lede
lys
• M
embe
rslis
t
Gaut
eng
KwaZ
ulu-
Nata
lM
embe
rsna
me
Add
ress
H
ome
Wor
k Fa
x C
ell1
C
ell2
E-
mai
lBA
XTER
JA
PO B
OX
107,
SW
ARTB
ERG
471
0 03
9 75
7 54
07
039
757
5407
03
9 75
7540
7 08
3384
4911
tbar
x@fu
ture
net.c
o.za
BEC
KER
PC
PO
SBU
S 33
1, C
OR
NEL
IA, W
ARD
EN 9
890
0586
42 4
104
082
777
7993
08
2770
4622
08
2411
1886
beck
erpc
@m
web
.co.
za35
CAM
PHER
JH
DV
PO
SBU
S 10
50, L
ADYS
MIT
H 3
370
036
637
3171
036
637
3171
08
3620
0050
keev
ersf
onte
in@
gmai
l.com
h/a
keev
ersf
onte
in b
oerd
ery
GR
EEN
AJ
PO B
OX
559,
LAD
YSM
ITH
337
0 03
6 44
8185
4 03
6 44
8185
4 03
6 44
8185
4 08
2802
7005
/7
al
angr
een@
telk
omsa
.net
GR
EEN
GR
PO
BO
X 31
1, W
INTE
RTO
N 3
340
036
4881
264
036
4881
264
036
4881
264
0822
9223
14
gr
een@
futu
rene
t.co.
zaG
REE
N H
R
PO B
OX
3377
, LAD
YSM
ITH
337
0 03
6635
3041
036
6353
041
0833
0340
95
H
ELLB
ERG
AK
POSB
US
25, G
LEN
CO
E 29
30
034
3932
810
03
4 39
3173
2 08
2886
0091
busi
@tru
stne
t.co.
zaH
ENN
ING
JF
POSB
US
202,
VR
YHEI
D 3
100
034
952
1646
03
4 95
2 16
46
0828
9316
32
0832
3274
31
JAC
OBS
Z M
JW
PO B
OX
1152
, HAR
RIS
MIT
H 9
880
0366
3144
31
05
8671
0062
08
3628
5462
JOR
DAA
N J
ACQ
UES
PO
SBU
S 20
1, W
INTE
RTO
N 3
340
036
488
1423
08
3 63
1 38
10
036
488
1423
08
3631
3810
KLEI
NLO
OG
R
PO B
OX
181,
WES
TVIL
LE 3
630
031-
573
2494
03
1 26
1 12
66
031
261
2608
08
2573
7424
klei
nl@
iafri
ca.c
omKL
OKO
W F
ARM
ING
CC
PO
BO
X 35
9, M
ATAT
IELE
473
0 03
9 75
7542
4 03
9 73
7 31
70
039
7373
869
0832
7071
70
w
hipt
les@
futu
rene
t.co.
zaM
CM
UR
RAY
RJ
PO B
OX
223,
MEL
MO
TH 3
835
035
4503
029
034
450
2916
03
5 45
0302
9 08
3410
1737
mcm
urra
y@m
web
.co.
zaN
OR
TON
PO
PO
BO
X 86
, LID
GET
TON
327
0 03
3 23
4434
2
033
2344
342
0833
6050
74
pn
orto
n@ni
troso
ft.co
.za
PAU
L FI
CK
POSB
US
48, B
ERG
VILL
E 33
50
036
4481
332
036
448
1332
03
6 44
8133
2 08
3643
5500
vale
ncia
boer
dery
@in
teko
m.c
o.za
PITO
UT
JF
POSB
US
2003
4, N
EWC
ASTL
E 29
40
0343
2501
52
034
326
2152
03
4312
2200
08
2456
9314
jpito
ut@
dero
.co.
zaR
OSE
WAL
L JJ
PO
BO
X 18
5, K
OKS
TAD
470
0 03
9 72
7417
2 03
9 72
7 31
67
039
7271
141
0832
6254
62
ro
sew
alljj@
telk
omsa
.net
SCH
RO
EDER
IF
PO B
OX
255,
DU
ND
EE 3
000
034
2123
726
034
212
3758
03
4 21
2 37
88
0828
9472
19
is
chro
eder
@te
lkom
sa.n
etSC
LAN
DER
S C
PO
BO
X 13
5, W
INTE
RTO
N 3
340
036
488
1664
03
6 48
8 16
64
08
2955
5428
SMIT
H J
F PO
SBU
S 20
549,
HU
TTEN
HEI
GH
TS,
N
EWC
ASTL
E 29
56
034
325
0617
03
5 31
5 57
83
034
325
0616
08
3327
7233
jfsm
@m
web
.co.
zaST
EEN
KAM
P IT
H
POSB
US
2379
, VR
YHEI
D 3
100
0349
8214
87
0832
3311
49
ig
natu
mav
uta@
yaho
o.co
.uk
WIL
LIAM
LAM
BDEN
PO
STN
ET S
UIT
E 35
8, P
RIV
ATEB
AG X
15,
M
ENLO
PAR
K 10
2 08
2801
3210
0126
6384
71
0828
0132
10
w
illiam
@pp
roje
cts.
co.z
aZO
ND
AGH
T F
FOR
T FA
RM
S, P
OSB
US
346,
N
EWC
ASTL
E 29
40
0123
6250
18
0123
4717
54
0123
6250
17
0824
1673
82
0829
0940
50
ferd
izon
dagh
@m
web
.co.
za
81BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Lede
lys
• M
embe
rslis
t
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lBo
tha
LJ
Posb
us 2
95, E
rmel
o 23
50
017
8116
334
017
8191
166/
7
0839
6046
11
0835
0676
06
Cro
okes
Pla
ntat
ion(
Bar J
Ran
ch)
PO B
ox 3
5, B
ig B
end,
Sw
azila
nd
l311
09
268-
3636
355
09
258-
3636
523
09
268-
3636
168
D
e Ja
ger R
Po
sbus
185
, Mor
genz
on 2
315
082
807
6057
01
7793
3271
01
7793
3271
08
3287
2573
De
Lang
e N
FA
Posb
us 3
465,
Sta
nder
ton
2430
01
7 71
2158
1 01
7 71
2158
1 01
7 71
2158
1 08
2855
2540
08
4512
6876
G
robl
er F
R
Posb
us 4
05, B
etha
l 231
0 01
7 64
7011
7
017
6470
117
0823
8800
60
Jo
nck
C
Posb
us 2
69, W
akke
rstro
om 2
480
017
7300
033
017
7300
033
08
2805
2444
Lem
mer
PF
Posb
us 1
67, A
mst
erda
m 2
375
0178
4696
49
0178
4696
49
08
2415
2290
Looc
k C
T Po
sbus
794
, Sta
nder
ton
2430
01
7 71
2441
1
017
7124
411
0834
4784
36
yl
oock
@m
web
.co.
zaN
el N
F Po
sbus
226
, Les
lie 2
265
0176
8309
12
01
7683
0912
08
2414
6020
Uys
J Po
sbus
710
, Sta
nder
ton
2430
01
7 71
2472
4 01
7 71
2472
4 01
7 71
2472
4 08
2828
7380
02
7827
8322
04
Van
Nie
kerk
Bro
ers
Posb
us 1
70, M
orge
nzon
231
5 01
7753
1643
01
7753
1641
01
7753
1641
08
3320
8337
jurg
v@te
lkom
sa.N
etVa
n O
udts
hoor
n SW
C V
R
Posb
us 6
66, E
rmel
o 23
50
0178
6500
74
017
8650
074
0178
6500
74
0823
7626
99
0827
7455
79
vano
udts
hoor
n@m
egaw
eb.c
o.za
Van
Wyk
AJ
Posb
us 1
089,
Erm
elo
2350
01
7 81
9362
8 01
7 81
9150
7 08
6634
3736
08
3645
4434
witk
op@
meg
aweb
.co.
zaVe
nter
JC
Po
sbus
724
, Vol
ksru
st 2
470
017
735
2030
017
735
2030
08
2570
6606
jcsa
vent
er@
disc
over
ymai
.co.
zaW
oum
an A
- W
AP B
dy
Post
net s
uite
28,
Priv
aats
ak x
1007
Ly
ttelto
n 14
0 01
2654
9693
0126
5496
93
0824
2714
88
w
oum
an@
mw
eb.c
o.za
Mpum
alan
ga
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
e-m
ail
CJH
OO
STH
UIZ
EN
POSB
US
507,
GR
OO
TFO
NTE
IN 9
000
0926
4 24
0367
067
2405
10
0811
2821
40
casj
an@
iway
.na
CO
CKL
IN T
M
POSB
US
9084
, ER
OS
9000
09
264
8112
7679
1 09
264
6123
3742
09
2646
1 25
7630
F:
0926
4612
1740
1 th
unis
@th
e pu
b.co
.za
DEN
TLIN
GER
HH
PO
BO
X 31
855,
PIO
NIE
RS
PAR
K, W
IND
HO
EK 9
000
0926
4 61
247
986
08
1127
8645
D
ENTF
ARM
@IA
FRIC
A.C
OM
JAC
OBS
P
POSB
US
1233
, GR
OO
TFO
NTE
IN
0067
2420
28
0067
2480
12
08
1245
8845
a4
0387
8@ol
dmut
ual.c
omST
AMPR
IET
BOER
DER
Y TR
UST
ER
F 59
, STA
MPR
IE 2
6463
260
061
09
2646
3 26
0001
02
6481
1270
061
jv
dw@
iway
.na
VER
MEU
LEN
GJG
PO
SBU
S 86
301,
ER
OS,
WIN
DH
OEK
92
6461
2401
97
9264
6128
5601
5 92
6461
2366
99
0926
4811
2831
71
gver
meu
len@
met
ropo
litan
.com
.na
Nam
ibië
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
e-m
ail
EFR
AIM
BR
ANG
US
STO
ET
POSB
US
5579
, PIE
TER
SBU
RG
699
01
5 22
3 20
71
0828
0233
74
Noor
delik
e Stre
ek
82 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Lede
lys
• M
embe
rslis
t
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lA
DE
PLAI
SAN
TE
POSB
US
1338
, UPI
NG
TON
880
0 05
4 33
2 56
99
054
332
5699
05
4 33
1 24
81
0829
0049
59
0828
8865
23
ali@
agru
.co.
zaAV
ENAN
T W
J PO
SBU
S 10
61, U
PIN
GTO
N 8
800
08
3279
3449
BUR
GER
AJ
POSB
US
29, D
ELPO
RTS
HO
OP
8377
0827
7014
27
D
E KL
ERK
CVA
PO
SBU
S 57
, RIC
HM
ON
D N
K 70
90
049
854
9104
08
4589
9104
cdek
lerk
@is
at.c
o.za
DEL
POR
T W
PO
SBU
S 12
07, K
IMBE
RLE
Y 83
00
08
2856
6998
DEL
POR
T W
H
POSB
US
1207
, KIM
BER
LEY
8300
05
3 86
1172
2 05
3 83
2745
6 05
3 83
2 36
48
0834
5606
60
w
delp
ort@
iafri
ka.c
omD
UVE
NH
AGE
HS
POSB
US
41, V
ANZY
LSR
US
8467
05
3 78
1 04
33
0825
7119
52
G
REE
FF R
H
QU
EEN
SWEG
25,
HAD
ISO
N P
ARK,
KIM
BER
LEY
8301
05
3 86
1342
3 05
3 83
2813
4 05
3 83
1176
0 08
2550
5676
OO
STH
UIZ
EN J
J PO
SBU
S 13
09, P
OST
MAS
BUR
G 8
420
051
313
1588
053
313
1588
08
2789
3201
PAG
E F
POSB
US
3171
, UPI
NG
TON
880
0 05
4902
911
212
0725
9361
28
SC
HEE
PER
S G
S PO
SBU
S 19
95, K
IMBE
RLE
Y 83
00
053
8337
172
0839
8231
86
SM
ITH
JH
PO
SBU
S 14
33, K
IMBE
RLE
Y 83
00
053
5817
190
05
3 58
1719
0 08
2800
2947
smith
bran
g@la
ntic
.net
VAN
NIE
KER
K J
POSB
US
1105
97, K
IMBE
RLE
Y 83
06
053
832
7456
053
832
7474
08
2598
2901
Noor
d-Ka
ap
Noor
d-We
sM
embe
rsna
me
addr
ess
hom
e w
ork
fax
cell1
ce
ll2
e-m
ail
GIB
BEN
S G
S PO
SBU
S 19
46, P
OTC
HEF
STR
OO
M 2
520
018
298
1189
01
8 29
4 52
51
018
294
5010
08
2854
7665
gibb
ens@
absa
mai
l.co.
zaJC
BO
SMAN
PO
SBU
S 65
, REI
VILO
859
5 05
3952
160
2
08
2944
0520
Oos-K
aap
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lD
ON
IAN
KO
PO
BO
X 27
6, M
IDD
ELBU
RG
590
0 04
9 84
2 28
18
0833
0184
49
ko
dl@
telk
omsa
.net
FOU
RIE
JC
PO
SBU
S 10
7, H
OFM
EYER
593
0 04
8 88
4 91
56
0735
3685
33
br
angu
s@m
web
.co.
zaKI
NG
BJ
PO B
OX
136,
TAR
KAST
AD 5
370
045
848
0208
LO
RD
DM
PO
BO
X 18
, HO
FMEY
R 5
930
048
8849
052
0823
7192
80
M
OR
GAN
R
PO B
OX
118,
AD
ELAI
DE
5760
04
6 68
4 07
93
04
6 68
4 07
93
why
tefa
rms@
east
cape
.net
RO
BER
TS D
O
PO B
OX
88, M
ACLE
AR 5
480
045
932
1228
045
9321
661
0835
0090
41
fa
irbrid
ge@
telk
omsa
.net
TAM
IP
PO B
OX
822,
CR
ADO
CK
5880
04
8 88
1149
8
0488
8119
53
0826
5266
10
ta
mfa
rms@
inte
kom
.co.
za
83BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Vrys
taat
Lede
lys
• M
embe
rslis
t
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lAJ
BU
RG
ER
POSB
US
180,
WEP
ENER
994
4 05
232
2202
08
2770
9113
ANG
US
B PO
BO
X 23
, AR
LIN
GTO
N 9
602
0584
5306
06
0584
5306
06
0584
5306
06
0825
7396
87
w
oodv
iew
@m
web
.co.
zaBE
KKER
MJ
POSB
US
2329
, WEL
KOM
946
0 05
7 35
2201
0 05
7 38
8113
5 05
7 35
2 81
84
0832
6240
21
m
jbek
ker1
@te
lkom
sa.n
etBE
NN
IE V
AN N
IEKE
RK
POSB
US
6650
1, W
OO
DH
ILL
76
012
9932
651
012
9910
512
012
9932
651
0829
0335
15
0828
8611
12
benn
ie@
gree
nbrid
ge.c
o.za
BEN
NIE
VAN
NIE
KER
K/AL
I GR
UN
OW
PO
SBU
S 66
501,
WO
OD
HIL
L 76
01
2 99
3265
4 01
2 99
1051
2 08
3 64
2 72
48
0828
8865
23
0836
2541
69
BEZU
IDEN
HO
UT
PFG
PO
SBU
S 55
099,
EER
STEM
YN 9
466
057
3528
715
05
7 35
2871
5 08
2569
8106
fritz
b@ab
safre
emai
l.co.
zaBL
OM
ERU
S J
POSB
US
175,
KR
OO
NST
AD 9
500
0562
1240
72
0825
5076
22
to
vic@
gcs.
co.z
aBO
THA
AJC
PO
SBU
S 34
376,
FAU
NAS
IG 9
325
08
2713
9234
BOTH
A D
PO
SBU
S 35
3, C
HR
ISTI
ANA
2680
05
3 42
1910
8 05
3 42
1910
8
0824
1788
72
C
ARSH
AGEN
OU
EN
PG
PO
SBU
S 29
, REI
TZ 9
810
058
8632
100
058
8632
100
058
8632
100
0824
1687
94
pg
car
shag
en@
xsin
et.c
o.za
CIL
LIER
S W
PO
SBU
S 23
, BU
LTFO
NTE
IN 9
670
08
2445
3123
DEL
POR
T PA
& J
P PO
SBU
S 2,
BO
SHO
F 83
40
0532
32 1
503
05
3 83
2 36
48
0828
5669
98
DIX
ON
RW
PO
BO
X 26
867,
LAN
GEN
HO
VEN
PAR
K,
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
330
0514
4623
44
0514
3045
15
0514
3045
333
0829
0502
93
rd
ixon
@ab
sam
ail.c
o.za
DU
PLE
SSIS
HJD
PO
SBU
S 71
63, B
LOEM
FON
TEIN
930
0 05
1 44
7598
8 05
1 44
7598
8 08
2571
5245
08
2805
0560
dou@
shis
as.c
omD
U P
LESS
IS J
PO
SBU
S 11
5, H
OO
PSTA
D 9
479
053
4441
926
053
4441
926
053
4441
217
0829
2951
36
jd
uple
s@cy
bertr
ade.
co.z
aD
U P
REE
Z H
A PO
SBU
S 11
681,
UN
IVER
SITA
S 93
21
051
4078
073
051
4095
031
051
447
8854
08
2654
0780
adup
reez
@fa
l.co.
zaEK
STEE
N P
J PO
SBU
S 10
8, R
EITZ
981
0 05
8 86
3219
0 05
8 86
3219
0 05
8 86
3219
0 08
2791
4068
GO
OSE
N E
N S
EUN
S PA
J PO
SBU
S 20
2, H
ERTZ
OG
VILL
E 26
90
053
4219
481
053
4219
481
08
2467
6571
GO
UW
S T
POSB
US
203,
LAD
YBR
AND
974
5 05
1924
2075
05
1924
2747
05
1924
2747
08
2378
0037
trixl
ubbe
@la
ntic
.net
GSP
RO
OS
POSB
US
578,
HEI
LBR
ON
965
0 05
8852
1569
05
8852
2860
05
8853
0178
08
3651
4570
HER
BER
T H
PO
SBU
S 38
975,
LAN
GEN
HO
VEN
PAR
K,
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
08
3646
8979
MAL
HER
BE R
C &
VEN
. PO
SBU
S 20
8, H
ERTZ
OG
VILL
E 94
82
053
4219
493
05
3 42
1949
3 08
2807
9216
07
3170
1013
M
EYER
EC
EL
LEN
BER
GER
STR
.70,
WIL
GEH
OF,
BL
OEM
FON
TEIN
930
1 05
1 52
2251
1
051
447
2105
08
2923
2639
brul
jant
@ab
sam
ail.c
o.za
NAU
DE
F PO
SBU
S 93
2, W
ELKO
M 9
460
057
3531
701
057
3531
017
057
3526
066
0824
9056
78
ve
rges
igte
@te
lkom
sa.n
etN
EL A
P PO
SBU
S 17
79, W
ELKO
M 9
460
057
357
3331
057
352
3736
08
3293
2803
NEL
IP
POSB
US
509,
BO
THAV
ILLE
966
0 05
6 51
5321
4
08
3615
7529
OO
STH
UIZ
EN P
M
POSB
US
1307
3, N
OO
RD
STAD
, BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
305
051
4367
239
051
4511
334
051
4366
368
0832
6427
63
co
ngre
ss@
inte
rnex
t.co.
zaPR
ETO
RIU
S W
CP
POSB
US
2018
4, W
ILLO
WS,
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
320
051
4511
178
0829
2202
35
PR
ETR
IUS
NJ
POSB
US
2982
0, D
ANH
OF
9310
05
1436
4091
05
1448
4613
05
1436
4091
08
2783
3990
njhp
reto
rius@
mw
eb.c
o.za
RAU
CH
JA
POSB
US
52, E
DEN
BUR
G 9
908
0832
7292
86
0517
4245
11
0832
6229
67
0835
0318
41
0834
4633
37
rauc
hbdy
@la
ntic
.net
RO
BER
TS J
PO
SBU
S 20
3, H
OO
PSTA
D 9
479
053
4219
436
0825
7793
47 S
edric
k 05
3433
1113
07
2228
0218
08
2392
2992
R
OBE
RTS
JH
PO
SBU
S 10
, HER
TZO
GVI
LLE
9482
05
3 42
1933
5
053
4219
335
0828
2408
78
R
OSS
OU
W J
C
POSB
US
1, S
ENEK
AL 9
600
058
481
3594
05
8 48
1 24
23
058
481
3357
08
2770
2845
jcro
ssou
w@
lant
ic.n
et
84 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
Lede
lys
• M
embe
rslis
t
Vrys
taat
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lSC
HLE
BUSC
H C
J PO
SBU
S 15
1, H
ENN
ENM
AN 9
445
057
5731
213
057
5731
213
0866
405
207
08
2553
4451
cjs@
gcs.
co.z
aSM
ITH
NS
POSB
US
1119
5, U
NIV
ERSI
TAS
9321
05
1 45
1158
7 05
1 45
1172
8 05
1 45
1 17
29
0836
2546
77
ni
coaf
sl@
corp
dial
.co.
zaSN
OW
GR
ASS
RG
PO
SBU
S 25
3, B
RAN
DFO
RT
9400
05
1 82
1175
6
051
821
1756
08
2825
8900
SPAR
KS C
DH
PO
BO
X 75
2, H
ARR
ISM
ITH
988
0 05
8 62
229
39
058
6222
939
058
6230
838
0837
0100
29
sp
arks
@m
niar
chite
cts.
co.z
aTR
UTE
R H
M
BOO
NST
RA
STR
.7, U
NIV
ERSI
TAS,
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
051
407
8548
08
6 62
1 65
59
0824
5969
27
htru
ter@
ofa.
bzVA
N D
ER M
ERW
E AN
DR
E PO
SBU
S 44
9, R
EITZ
981
0 05
8863
1751
05
8863
1751
05
8863
1751
08
2377
3155
mer
-art@
xsin
et.c
o.za
VAN
LO
GG
EREN
BER
G P
F VA
N D
ER P
OST
SIN
GEL
9,
FI
CH
ARD
TPAR
K, B
LOEM
FON
TEIN
930
1 05
1 52
2811
5 05
1 52
2811
5
0828
2305
31
VA
N W
YK T
PO
SBU
S 17
3, L
ADYB
RAN
D 9
745
051
924
1647
08
2 65
1 92
11
051
924
1647
08
3264
2173
depa
n@xs
inet
.co.
zaVE
RST
ER J
PO
SBU
S 2,
TW
EESP
RU
IT 9
770
0519
62 V
RA
2002
08
2779
1454
WEI
LBAC
H C
AP
POSB
US
2257
, SAS
OLB
UR
G 1
947
0169
7681
23
0169
7312
79
0169
7312
78
0823
8758
78
au
gust
@w
ater
plan
.co.
zaW
ENTZ
EL B
DY
POSB
US
655,
FR
ANKF
OR
T 98
30
058
813
3775
08
2374
2472
08
2374
2473
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lJC
BO
SMAN
PO
SBU
S 65
REI
VILO
859
5 05
3952
160
2
82
9440
520
VA
N R
ENSB
UR
G R
SJ
POSB
US
4860
STA
ND
ERTO
N 2
430
2176
1532
4 21
7615
324
2179
7024
5 83
2743
666
0829
7729
30
WIL
LIAM
LAM
BDEN
PO
STN
ET S
UIT
E 35
8 PR
IVAT
E BA
G X
15 M
ENLO
PAR
K 10
2 82
8013
210
12
6638
471
8280
1321
0
willi
am@
ppro
ject
s.co
.za
A. D
E PL
AISA
NTE
PO
SBU
S 13
38 U
PIN
GTO
N 8
800
054
332
5699
05
4 33
2 56
99
054
331
2481
08
2 90
0 49
59
0828
8865
23
ali@
agru
.co.
za
GSP
RO
OS
POSB
US
578
HEI
LBR
ON
965
0 58
8521
569
5885
2286
0 58
8530
178
2783
6514
570
JAC
OBS
Z M
JW
PO B
OX
1152
HAR
RIS
MIT
H 9
880
3663
1443
1
5867
1006
2 83
6285
462
D
&D K
EYSE
R
POSB
US
2881
7 D
ANH
OF
9310
05
3 42
1903
0
053
4219
030
8280
8505
4
forg
otm
e@m
web
.co.
zaD
S BO
THA
POSB
US
6469
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
27
8299
0092
8C
BR
IED
ENH
ANN
PO
SBU
S 34
275
GLE
NST
ANTI
A 10
12
9983
396
12
9988
286
8344
5012
0
chris
to.b
riede
nhan
n@qu
antu
m.c
om
ZON
DAG
HT
F PO
SBU
S 34
6 N
EWC
ASTL
E 29
40
1236
2501
8 12
3471
754
1236
2501
7 82
4167
382
8290
9405
0
ferd
izon
dagh
@m
web
.co.
za
SN
OW
GR
ASS
RG
PO
SBU
S 25
3 BR
AND
FOR
T 94
00
051
8211
756
05
1 82
1 17
56
2782
8258
900
H
ERBE
RT
E PO
SBU
S 38
975
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
27
8364
6897
9
GEL
DEN
HU
YS F
J PO
SBU
S 21
LAM
ON
TAG
NE
184
1280
3378
8
27
8233
5578
9
fgel
denh
uys@
fnb.
co.z
aPI
TOU
T JF
PO
SBU
S 20
034
NEW
CAS
TLE
2940
34
3250
152
3432
6215
2 34
3122
200
8245
6931
4
jpito
ut@
dero
.co.
zaVA
N N
IEKE
RK
BRO
ERS
POSB
US
170
MO
RG
ENZO
N 2
315
1775
3164
3 17
7531
641
1775
3164
1 83
3208
337
ju
rgv@
telk
omsa
.net
PR
ETR
IUS
NJ
POSB
US
2982
0 D
ANH
OF
9310
51
4364
091
5144
8461
3 51
4364
091
2782
7833
990
nj
hpre
toriu
s@m
web
.co.
za
PR
ETO
RIU
S W
CP
POSB
US
2018
4 W
ILLO
WS
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
320
051
4511
178
2782
9220
235
G
OU
WS
T PO
SBU
S 20
3 LA
DYB
RAN
D 9
745
5192
4207
5 51
9242
747
5192
4274
7 27
8237
8003
7
trixl
ubbe
@la
ntic
.net
JAC
OBS
P
POSB
US
1233
GR
OO
TFO
NTE
IN
6724
2028
67
2480
12
81
2458
845
a4
0387
8@ol
dmut
ual.c
om
St
ampr
iet B
oerd
ery
Trus
t ER
F 59
STA
MPR
IET
26
463
2600
61
26
463
2600
01
2.64
811E
+11
jvdw
@iw
ay.n
a
Nuwe
lede
85BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
Mem
bers
nam
e ad
dres
s ho
me
wor
k fa
x ce
ll1
cell2
e-
mai
lJC
BO
SMAN
PO
SBU
S 65
REI
VILO
859
5 05
3952
160
2
82
9440
520
VA
N R
ENSB
UR
G R
SJ
POSB
US
4860
STA
ND
ERTO
N 2
430
2176
1532
4 21
7615
324
2179
7024
5 83
2743
666
0829
7729
30
WIL
LIAM
LAM
BDEN
PO
STN
ET S
UIT
E 35
8 PR
IVAT
E BA
G X
15 M
ENLO
PAR
K 10
2 82
8013
210
12
6638
471
8280
1321
0
willi
am@
ppro
ject
s.co
.za
A. D
E PL
AISA
NTE
PO
SBU
S 13
38 U
PIN
GTO
N 8
800
054
332
5699
05
4 33
2 56
99
054
331
2481
08
2 90
0 49
59
0828
8865
23
ali@
agru
.co.
za
GSP
RO
OS
POSB
US
578
HEI
LBR
ON
965
0 58
8521
569
5885
2286
0 58
8530
178
2783
6514
570
JAC
OBS
Z M
JW
PO B
OX
1152
HAR
RIS
MIT
H 9
880
3663
1443
1
5867
1006
2 83
6285
462
D
&D K
EYSE
R
POSB
US
2881
7 D
ANH
OF
9310
05
3 42
1903
0
053
4219
030
8280
8505
4
forg
otm
e@m
web
.co.
zaD
S BO
THA
POSB
US
6469
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
27
8299
0092
8C
BR
IED
ENH
ANN
PO
SBU
S 34
275
GLE
NST
ANTI
A 10
12
9983
396
12
9988
286
8344
5012
0
chris
to.b
riede
nhan
n@qu
antu
m.c
om
ZON
DAG
HT
F PO
SBU
S 34
6 N
EWC
ASTL
E 29
40
1236
2501
8 12
3471
754
1236
2501
7 82
4167
382
8290
9405
0
ferd
izon
dagh
@m
web
.co.
za
SN
OW
GR
ASS
RG
PO
SBU
S 25
3 BR
AND
FOR
T 94
00
051
8211
756
05
1 82
1 17
56
2782
8258
900
H
ERBE
RT
E PO
SBU
S 38
975
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
301
27
8364
6897
9
GEL
DEN
HU
YS F
J PO
SBU
S 21
LAM
ON
TAG
NE
184
1280
3378
8
27
8233
5578
9
fgel
denh
uys@
fnb.
co.z
aPI
TOU
T JF
PO
SBU
S 20
034
NEW
CAS
TLE
2940
34
3250
152
3432
6215
2 34
3122
200
8245
6931
4
jpito
ut@
dero
.co.
zaVA
N N
IEKE
RK
BRO
ERS
POSB
US
170
MO
RG
ENZO
N 2
315
1775
3164
3 17
7531
641
1775
3164
1 83
3208
337
ju
rgv@
telk
omsa
.net
PR
ETR
IUS
NJ
POSB
US
2982
0 D
ANH
OF
9310
51
4364
091
5144
8461
3 51
4364
091
2782
7833
990
nj
hpre
toriu
s@m
web
.co.
za
PR
ETO
RIU
S W
CP
POSB
US
2018
4 W
ILLO
WS
BLO
EMFO
NTE
IN 9
320
051
4511
178
2782
9220
235
G
OU
WS
T PO
SBU
S 20
3 LA
DYB
RAN
D 9
745
5192
4207
5 51
9242
747
5192
4274
7 27
8237
8003
7
trixl
ubbe
@la
ntic
.net
JAC
OBS
P
POSB
US
1233
GR
OO
TFO
NTE
IN
6724
2028
67
2480
12
81
2458
845
a4
0387
8@ol
dmut
ual.c
om
St
ampr
iet B
oerd
ery
Trus
t ER
F 59
STA
MPR
IET
26
463
2600
61
26
463
2600
01
2.64
811E
+11
jvdw
@iw
ay.n
a
86 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
87BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
88 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
89BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
90 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
91BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
92 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
93BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
94 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
95BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
96 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
97BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
98 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
99BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
100 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
101BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
102 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
103BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
104 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
105BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
106 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
107BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
108 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
109BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
110 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
111BRANGUSThe future lies in the quality of the progeny
112 BRANGUS Die toekoms lê in die kwaliteit van die nageslag
top related