2 aitor marzo, bifi pv psda, antofagasta (chile) 2015

Antofagasta, January 14nd, 2015

Solar Resource & Radiometry Tasks in Antofagasta

Aitor Marzo, Ph.D. aitor.marzo@uantof.cl

Mauricio Trigo, Mg.Tania Varas, Mg.

Index

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

• Introduction to Solar Radiation Measurements• Climates and Solar Resource in Región de Antofagasta• Tasks of the CDEA Radiometry Area

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Introductionto Solar Radiation Measurements

Why Measure Solar Radiation?

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Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

Radiation measurements are used for the following

purposes:

(a) To analyze the properties and distribution of the atmosphere with regard

to its constituents;

(b) To verify satellite radiation measurements and algorithms;

(c) To satisfy the needs of biological, medical, agricultural, architectural and industrial activities with respect to radiation;(d) To know the solar resource for solar technologies

Why is exact knowledge of the solar resource so important for solar technologies?-> High impact of the annual irradiation on the LEC (Levelized Electricity

Costs)-> Irradiation is a crucial parameter for site selection and plant design andeconomics of plant

Solar Irradiance and Atmosphere

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• Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)

• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI)

• Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI)

Relationship between the three components:

Units: [W m-2] or [W m-2 nm-1]

SZAcos DNI DHI GHI

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

Climates and Solar Resourcein Región de Antofagasta

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Climates of Región de Antofagasta

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

Climate Height Annual T mean Rainfall

min max d

Cloudy Desert > 0 m 13 °C 22 °C ±7 °C 1.7 mm

Normal Desert > 1000 m 8 °C 21 °C ±25 °C 3.1 mm

High Desert* > 2000 m 5 °C 24 °C ±20 °C 5.6 mm

High Steppe * > 3000 m 5 °C 24 °C ±20 °C 68 mm

* South American Monsoon (Austral Summer)

*

Cloudiness in the Región de Antofagasta

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Antofagasta

Calama San Pedro de Atacama

PSDA

[Ministerio de Energía 2011]

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

Irradiation in Región de Antofagasta

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Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

[Ministerio de Energía 2011]

Antofagasta

2120 kWh/m2 yr

PSDA2500 kWh/m2 yr

Calama

2630 kWh/m2 yr

San Pedro de Atacama

2610 kWh/m2 yr

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Antofagasta in the Global Solar Resource Map

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

Atacama Desert

>2 500 kWh/m2 (GHI)

>3 000 sunshine hours

per year

Tasksof the CDEA radiometry area

Present of CDEA Radiometry Area

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Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

• Handling and maintenance of radiometric instrumentation• Validation and calibration of instrumentation.• Comparison of ground measurements data against models

derived from satellite data.• SOILING: Dust impact on optical properties (DLR)• Measurement of the atmospheric attenuation in solar

thermal tower plant (PSA-CIEMAT & UAL)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Dire

ct S

olar

Spe

ctra

l Irr

adia

nce

[W/m

2 nm]

[nm]

Spec2-a

Test

Outlook of CDEA Radiometry Area

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• Solar Spectral Irradiance measurement campaign (SERC, USACH)

• Solar resource assessment at high altitudes for supplying power to astronomical observatories

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo

• Surface temperature and radiative flux for CSP technologies

• Provide support for the different research areas

“If you want to walk fast, walk alone, if you want to walk far, walk together!”

African Proverb

Thank you for your attention

Aitor Marzo, CDEA-UAaitor.marzo@uantof.cl

Mauricio TrigoTania VarasAntofagasta, January 14nd, 2015

References

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• Pitz-Paal, R., Geuder, N., Hoyer-Klick, C., Schillings, C., 2007. How to get bankable meteo data? DLR solar resource assessment.

• Wilbert, S. "Determination of Circumsolar Radiation and its Effect on Concentrating Solar Power.“ Ph.D. Thesis. Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, DLR, 2014. Print.

• Ministerio de Energía, Gobierno de Chile, 2011. Explorador de Energía Solar. 2014.• NASA. https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/. 2013;2014.• GeoModel. http://solargis.info. 2014;2014.• Wolfertstetter, F., 2013. Reflector Soiling and Cleaning Methods. @ SFERA Summer School Hornberg, May 15th –

16th.• World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation.

7th ed. Geneva (Switzerland): Chairperson, Publications Board, 2008.• Ballestrín J, Marzo A. Solar radiation attenuation in solar tower plants. Solar Energy 2012;86:388-92.• Alxneit I. Measuring temperatures in a high concentration solar simulator – Demonstration of the principle. Solar

Energy 2011;85:516-22.• Marzo A, Ballestrín J, Barbero J, Cañadas I, Rodríguez J. Solar blind pyrometry not relying on atmospheric

absorption bands. Solar Energy 2014;107:415-22.• Ballestrín J, Marzo A, Cañadas I, Rodríguez J. Testing a solar-blind pyrometer. Metrologia 2010;47:646-51.

Antofagasta, 14-Jan 2015Aitor Marzo