2Η ΓΡΑΠΤΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΘΕΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΚΦΕ60.doc

Post on 07-Oct-2015

240 Views

Category:

Documents

0 Downloads

Preview:

Click to see full reader

TRANSCRIPT

2 60

2 60

40567 ( ).

. ( Astronomia Nuova [1609] ), Huygens Hooke. (.. ), (.. ), .

:

() ( ), () [ ] () .

, . , , . , , , , , . .,

.

1. :

. . . . , , , , , . , , , . . , , . , . Descartes, Le Monde ( ) Principes ( , 1641) . . , , . Le Monde, Principes, Descartes , . , , Principes, : , , , . , , .

. .

Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica , , . , . , , . . , . ( ) .

2. : .

Kepler Astronomia Nova ( ) 1609, . Kepler , Brahe, . ( ) , Kepler . . Kepler , . Kepler , , , . Kepler . . Kepler. !

, , . Kepler, Harmonice Mundi ( ), 1619. 1609 Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae ( ), 16181621.

Kepler, Harmonice Mundi, . , Kepler, 8 , . , . , Kepler , , , . . , :

Kepler , .

Kepler . , , , Kepler .

, Kepler, , , .

( ) , .

Principia Kepler :

1: , , . , . , , (, , - ) . ( - ) , - , - . , , . ( ) . 1/r3, 1/r2, ( )., Kepler :

15: [, ], 3/2 .

Kepler . Kepler 1/r2 . , Kepler . , Kepler, , . Kepler, o . Kepler . Kepler Kepler . , , . , F=m, .

3. . Royal Society. . Hooke Newton . Hooke . Royal Society, , , . Hooke , .

; . 1679, Hooke . Principia, 1687, . 1679 Hooke, , . . , , : , , . , Hooke . . , , . 1665. Hooke, . Hooke , , . . .

1684, Halley Cambridge . . Halley , , . Halley . 1685 1686 Principia, 1687. Hooke , , Principia . Hooke, , , 1703. , Hooke , .

, ( ), Hooke . Hooke . ( ), x=sin(t+) =-2sin(t+). F=m F=-m2sin(t+) F=- m2x F=-Dx Hooke. .

4. - . - . . , . , . - , , ' - . , 1677, . 6 1677, (), . 1672, . . , , . , Traite de la Lumiere 1690, , , Optiks.

Cambridge 1662, Trinity College, . . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Robert Hooke (16351703) . Hooke 1704, Optiks. , . ( , ), . ( , 1672 1676). . . , , . , , . . . . 17 , 18 , 19, 20 , 1905, .

, . . , . , , .5. . ( )

. , , , .

. ( ) ( ). .

. , . (. 150 ..), (. 135 . 51 ..), (23 79 ..), - ( 870 ..), (672/673735 .) . 1616, , , . , , , , . . Kepler . , , , , . . . , . , , . , . .

, Kepler, , , . : , .

. . m m . , , , . , , . , . Laplace. . , Principia. . , , , . , . , . . 1 (). NS. . , , m. ( , 1), . :

1 , x X Rm . x , x = 0,726re. (, , ). 3.000 km] .

m0, , 1, 1. , 2, X.

2, 1 , , m0. To 1 m0, 1. 1, 1 :

3

2:

3:

3, 1 ( ), . 4, 1 ( R) Rm, . 3 m0. Fc , 1 3 :

4, , , 4 5 2, .

; 1 3, 1, , 4 5. , 4 ( 5) 1 ( 3). ( ) 4 1. 4 5 ( ) 1 3 . , , ( ) . ( , 1), X, . , , , , . , . , , .

1 . , 30 . , 4.

4:

, , , . . .

Principia .

) :

, . , ( ) ( ). , , . , , , , . 24 50 , . , , 6 6 , , 3 , ( ). , , , , , , , 90 , . ( ), ( ). , -, , .

)

1. ;2. ;3. ;4. ;

5. ; .

)

6. -

, ( ). . , . .

, . . . . , . (, determinism). .

. . , , . , . Principia , . , .

Descartes . Descartes . .

, , . , . Principia (rules of reasoning in philosophy). IV: , . . , . . :

Hypothesis non fingo ( )

, . , , 18 , . . , , . . ( ) : , . .

, : ( ), , , , , , . Principia , . ( , , ) , - . , , . , . Principia .

. . . ( ) , .

1. .

, 41- , 2003

2. Chalmers A.F. , , 9 , 2007

3. Cushing J. , Leader Books, 2001

4. Gillispi C.C. , ,1994.

5. Losee J.

, ,1993

6. Rossi Paolo, , ,2004

7. Segre E. , , , 2001

8. Westfall R. , , 5 ,2006

9. , 22, .

1:

: HYPERLINK "http://www.cs4fn.org/alife/newton.html" http://www.cs4fn.org/alife/newton.html

Copyright HYPERLINK "http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/" The Royal Society

2: Hooke

: HYPERLINK "http://royalsociety.org/exhibit.asp?tip=1&id=3646" http://royalsociety.org/exhibit.asp?tip=1&id=3646

1: -

2.

Principia .

., , 41- , .3, 160

.

., , 41- , .3, 155

., , 41- , .3, 162

A.F. Chalmers, , . 6.5, 116

1687 Halley 1713 1725.

., , 41- , .3, 162-163

., , 41- , .4, 198-214

Cushing J. , , .9, Leader Books, 2001

Cushing J. , , .9, Leader Books, 2001

HYPERLINK "http://royalsociety.org/exhibit.asp?tip=1&id=3646" http://royalsociety.org/exhibit.asp?tip=1&id=3646

HYPERLINK "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html" http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/hooke_robert_beavon_04.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/hooke_robert_beavon_04.shtml

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/hooke.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/features/hooke.shtml

., , 41- , .3, 161-162

Cushing J. , , . 7, Leader Books, 2001

A.F. Chalmers, , . 6.5, 116

Segre E., , , , 1, . 58-60

Rossi P., , 17, . 483,484

Segre E., , , , 2, . 77

Cushing J. , , . 9, Leader Books, 2001

Gillispie C.C., , .1, . 53

, 22, 679

, 3

Losse J., , 8, 119

, 3

Cushing J. , , . 7, Leader Books, 2001

, 3

_1043227486.unknown

_1043228179.unknown

_1054119369.unknown

_1293930912.unknown

_1043229010.unknown

_1043229231.unknown

_1043228673.unknown

_1043227841.unknown

_1043226091.unknown

_1043226482.unknown

_1043225756.unknown

top related