1page cas ratemaking seminar non-medical professional liability pricing denise olson, fcas, maaa...
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CAS Ratemaking SeminarCAS Ratemaking Seminar
Non-Medical Professional Liability PricingNon-Medical Professional Liability PricingDenise Olson, FCAS, MAAADenise Olson, FCAS, MAAA
March 13, 2001March 13, 2001
2Page
Typical Rating FactorsTypical Rating Factors
• Step Rate - How close to maturity is the risk?Step Rate - How close to maturity is the risk?
• State - Which state carries the most exposure for State - Which state carries the most exposure for the risk? What unique issues exist?the risk? What unique issues exist?
• Claims History - individual riskClaims History - individual risk
• Size of Firm - How is each marginal exposure Size of Firm - How is each marginal exposure increase rated?increase rated?
• Area of Practice - e.g. Plaintiff Lawyer or Defense Area of Practice - e.g. Plaintiff Lawyer or Defense Lawyer - are they complementaryLawyer - are they complementary
3Page
Step RateStep Rate
• Does the firm have a retroactive date or is it a Does the firm have a retroactive date or is it a completely new firm?completely new firm?
• How are changes in firms over time handled?How are changes in firms over time handled?
• Are there predecessor firms?Are there predecessor firms?
4Page
StateState
• Statute of Limitations - can impact step ratesStatute of Limitations - can impact step rates
• State economic situation - some Areas of Practice State economic situation - some Areas of Practice are very tied to the economyare very tied to the economy
• Tort reformsTort reforms
• Other law differences - e.g. Real Estate AttorneyOther law differences - e.g. Real Estate Attorney
5Page
Claims HistoryClaims History
• Long tail can make severity less reliable than Long tail can make severity less reliable than frequencyfrequency
• Claims staff needs clear understanding of impact Claims staff needs clear understanding of impact of reported incidentsof reported incidents
• Impact on underwriting of claims that close Impact on underwriting of claims that close without payment or with little expensewithout payment or with little expense
6Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
• How does a marginal increase in exposure effect How does a marginal increase in exposure effect the rate?the rate?
• Size of Firm discountsSize of Firm discounts
7Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
Average Exposures in Interval
Incurred Freq.
Selected Avg
Deductible
% under deductible
(Lognormal)1.0 2.85% 3,639 31.4%2.3 2.62% 4,842 35.9%4.4 2.20% 7,539 43.4%7.4 1.74% 9,912 48.1%
13.8 1.13% 17,339 57.8%28.0 0.69% 35,000 69.3%
8Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
Ground up Incurred
FrequencyClaim
CtIncremental
claim ctIncremental Exposures
Freq per Additional Exposure
4.15% 0.042 0.042 1.0 4.15%4.09% 0.094 0.053 1.3 4.04%3.88% 0.170 0.076 2.1 3.65%3.36% 0.248 0.078 3.0 2.59%2.69% 0.371 0.124 6.4 1.93%2.24% 0.627 0.256 14.2 1.80%
9Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
Average Exposures in Interval
Freq per Additional Exposure
LN(Freq per Add'l Expos)
1.0 4.15% (3.183) 2.3 4.04% (3.208) 4.4 3.65% (3.311) 7.4 2.59% (3.652)
13.8 1.93% (3.950) 28.0 1.80% (4.018)
10Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
Exposures
Actual Freq per
Atty
Fitted Frequency
per Atty1.0 4.15% 3.78%2.3 4.09% 3.70%4.4 3.88% 3.58%7.4 3.36% 3.41%
13.8 2.69% 3.09%28.0 2.24% 2.51%
11Page
Size of FirmSize of Firm
Exposures
Fitted Cumulative
Freq
Implied Exposure Discount
1.0 3.78% 0.0%2.0 3.72% -1.6%5.0 3.55% -6.3%
10.0 3.28% -13.4%15.0 3.04% -19.8%25.0 2.62% -30.7%
12Page
Area of PracticeArea of Practice
• Differs from some businesses in that firms may Differs from some businesses in that firms may practice in several areaspractice in several areas
• Interactions are importantInteractions are important
• Determination of percentage for each grouping is Determination of percentage for each grouping is important (Billings, # Hours)important (Billings, # Hours)
• How to determine differences in pure premiums?How to determine differences in pure premiums?
13Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Firm 1 % of Work PremiumCurrent
SurchargeArea 1 25% 413 10.0%Area 2 50% 675 -10.0%Area 3 25% 375 0.0%
100% 1,463 -2.5%
14Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book # Attys Premium% of
PremiumCurrent
SurchargeArea 1 22 36,300 25% 10.0%Area 2 45 60,750 41% -10.0%Area 3 33 49,500 34% 0.0%
100 146,550 100% -2.3%
15Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book Losses # Attys
Experience Pure
Premium
Written Pure
PremiumArea 1 38,720 22 1,760 1,650 Area 2 56,700 45 1,260 1,350 Area 3 42,900 33 1,300 1,500
138,320 100 1,383 1,466
16Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book
Experience Pure
Premium
Written Pure
Premium
Indicated Rate
Change
Indicated New
SurchargeArea 1 1,760 1,650 6.7% 24.3%Area 2 1,260 1,350 -6.7% -11.0%Area 3 1,300 1,500 -13.3% -8.2%
1,383 1,466 -5.6%
-5.60%Overall Rate Change:
17Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book # Attys
Indicated New
SurchargeNew Pure Premium
New Total Pure
PremiumArea 1 22 24.3% 1,760 38,720 Area 2 45 -11.0% 1,260 56,700 Area 3 33 -8.2% 1,300 42,900
100 1,383 138,320
1,416 New Base Rate = 1,500 x (1-5.6%) =
18Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book # Attys Losses
Experience Pure
PremiumIndicated
SurchargeArea 1 - Pure 11 18,586 1,690 19.3%
Area 1 w/Area 2 4 6,846 1,711 20.9%Area 1 w/Area 3 7 13,288 1,898 34.1%
22 38,720 1,760 24.3%
Area 1 Experience Breakdown
19Page
Area of Practice - ExampleArea of Practice - Example
Book # Attys Losses
Loss Ratio without
breakout
Loss Ratio with
breakoutArea 1 - Pure 11 18,586 96.0% 100.0%
Area 1 w/Area 2 4 6,846 97.2% 100.0%Area 1 w/Area 3 7 13,288 107.9% 100.0%
22 38,720 100.0% 100.0%
Area 1 Experience Breakdown
20Page
Emerging Issue - Emerging Issue - Multi-Disciplinary PracticesMulti-Disciplinary Practices
Brought about by:Brought about by:
• The desire to provide one-stop The desire to provide one-stop shopping to clientsshopping to clients
• To eliminate communication problems To eliminate communication problems between professionalsbetween professionals
• To leverage support structure and To leverage support structure and marketingmarketing
21Page
Examples:Examples:
• Law Firm specializing in advising municipalities Law Firm specializing in advising municipalities issuing tax-exempt bonds hires financial issuing tax-exempt bonds hires financial professionalsprofessionals
• Accounting Firm sets up subsidiary entities - a Accounting Firm sets up subsidiary entities - a broker/dealer and an insurance agency broker/dealer and an insurance agency
• Accounting firm specializing in medicare billing Accounting firm specializing in medicare billing hires Nurseshires Nurses
22Page
Examples:Examples:
• Law firm specializing in environmental issues Law firm specializing in environmental issues hires Engineershires Engineers
• Accounting firm that specializes in Business Accounting firm that specializes in Business Brokerage has CPAs obtain Real Estate Agents Brokerage has CPAs obtain Real Estate Agents licenselicense
• Multi-disciplinary Practices (MDPs)Multi-disciplinary Practices (MDPs)
• Info-tech Consulting firms providing Webhosting Info-tech Consulting firms providing Webhosting servicesservices
23Page
What does the product look like?What does the product look like?
• What Policy form is being used?What Policy form is being used?
– Limits / DeductiblesLimits / Deductibles
– Conflict of Interest issuesConflict of Interest issues
– If endorsed, what is primary?If endorsed, what is primary?
• How will the policy be underwritten?How will the policy be underwritten?
• Is stacking of limits possible?Is stacking of limits possible?
24Page
Pricing ImplicationsPricing Implications
• Different rating basesDifferent rating bases
– per revenue $ or commission receipt $per revenue $ or commission receipt $
– per professionalper professional
– per transactionper transaction
• Different loss distributions - what ILFs to use?Different loss distributions - what ILFs to use?
25Page
Pricing ImplicationsPricing Implications• Simple approach:Simple approach:
– 1 Attorney and 1 Accountant set up shop together1 Attorney and 1 Accountant set up shop together
– Billings from Accounting practice brings rate to Billings from Accounting practice brings rate to $1,500$1,500
– Rate for attorney: $1,800Rate for attorney: $1,800
– Total Price: $3,300Total Price: $3,300
26Page
Pricing ImplicationsPricing Implications
• Complications:Complications:
– Reduction in risk due to experts working togetherReduction in risk due to experts working together
– Increase in exposure due to inability to use Increase in exposure due to inability to use comparative negligence by other professionals as a comparative negligence by other professionals as a defensedefense
– How will predecessor firm coverage be handled?How will predecessor firm coverage be handled?
– What if the attorney is also a CPA? (What standard of What if the attorney is also a CPA? (What standard of care applies?)care applies?)
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