1chapter 3: computer software 111chapter 4: file management, virus protection, and backup 1chapter...

1Chapter 3: Computer Software 111Chapter 4: File Management, Virus Protection, and Backup

1Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and E-Mail Basics

2Chapter 3: Computer Software

After this chapter, you should be able to:– Describe the components of a typical software

package– Trace the development of a computer program– Describe the differences between system

software and application software– Describe the way an operating system manages

each computer resource– Identify operating systems for personal

computers, PDAs, and servers

Chapter 3 Preview

After this chapter, you should be able to:– Describe key and features of database and

spreadsheet software – List types of software available– Explain how to install and uninstall software– Describe the differences among new software

versions, software patches, and service packs– Describe rights associated with software: for

users and programmers

Chapter 3 Preview

Chapter 3 Outline

• Section A– Software Basics

• Section B– Computer Operating Systems

• Section C– Application Software

• Section D– Software Installation and Copyrights

Computer Concepts 8th EditionParsons/Oja

Chapter 3Computer Software

Section A: Software Basics

• Consists of computer programs and data files that work together to provide a computer with the instructions and data necessary for carrying out a specific type of task

What is software?

• Software includes– A computer program is a set of

instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task

– Executable files– Support modules– Data files

What kinds of files are included in a typical software product?

• Computer programmers write the instructions for the computer programs

• Software publishers distribute the software– They specialize in packaging, marketing,

and selling commercial software

Programmers and Programming Languages: Who creates computer software?

• Most software is designed to provide a task-related environment

• Programmer defines the properties for each element in the environment– Height– Label– What happens when you click it

• A computer language provides the tools that a programmer uses to create software– Source code– High-level languages

How does a programmer “write” software?

• A compiler translates all of the instructions in a program as a single batch

• The resulting machine language instructions are called the object code

How are instructions converted to machine language?

• An alternative to a compiler is an interpreter, that converts one instruction at a time while program is running

How are instructions converted to machine language?

So how does software work?

• Software is categorized as either application software or system software– Application software is designed to be

used for a purpose – System software is designed to help the

computer carry out the basic operating functions

• Operating systems, utilities, and drivers

Application Software and System Software: How is software categorized?

Section B: Personal Computer Operating Systems

• The master controller for all of the activities that take place within a computer– Microsoft Windows XP, Mac OS, Linux,

• Interacts with the application software

Operating System Overview: What does an operating system do?

What does an operating system do?

Why does an operating system manage memory?

• Must ensure that instructions and data from one area of memory don’t “leak” into an area allocated to another program

• If it fails, data can get corrupted, programs can “crash”

• Acts as a filing clerk

• Remembers the names and locations of all your files

• Keeps track of empty spaces where new files can be stored

How does the OS keep track of storage resources?

• To ensure that they function correctly

• To ensure input and output proceeds in an orderly fashion

Why does the operating system get involved with peripheral devices?

• A user interface can be defined as the combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other– Graphical user interface (GUI)– Command-line user interface

How does the operating system affect the user interface?

• The OS’s small bootstrap program resides in ROM and supplies the instructions to load the core parts into memory when system boots

• This component is called the kernel

Where is the operating system stored?

• Yes, typically through helpful tools called utilities– Launch programs– Manage files– Get help– Customize the user interface– Configure equipment

Do I ever interact directly with the OS?

• Single-user operating system

• Multiuser operating system

• Network operating system

• Multitasking operating system

• Desktop operating system

Are different operating systems needed for different computing tasks?

• Developed several years before windows, it still has a GUI interface

• Both have windows, icons, menus and pointers

Is Mac OS similar to Windows?

• UNIX was developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs

• Linux was developed in 1991– Is distributed under the terms of a General

Public License (GPL)• Mandrakelinux, Linspire, College Linux, and

Xandros Desktop

Are UNIX and Linux the same?

• First operating system that most people have used

• DOS (Disk Operating System) was developed by Microsoft

• Part of the kernel of Windows 3.1, 95, 98 and ME

Why do I keep hearing about DOS?

What are the options for handheld operating systems?

• Palm OS

• Windows Mobile OS

Section C: Application Software

Document Production Software: How can my computer help me with my writing?

• Word processing software• Desktop publishing software • Web authoring software

How does document production software help me turn my ideas into sentences and paragraphs?

• The format for a document refers to the way that all the elements of a document are arranged on the page– Font– Point size– Paragraph style– Paragraph alignment– Line spacing (leading)– Style

How do I get my documents to look good?

• Page Layout refers to the physical position of each element on a page– Headers and footers– Page numbers– Graphical elements– Tables

• Mail Merge - process of creating a series of personalized letters by combining information in a mailing list with a blank form letter

• Some additional capabilities– Automatically generating a table of contents and

index– Automatically numbering footnotes and positioning

them– Providing document templates– Exporting a document into HTML format

Does document production software increase productivity?

• Spreadsheet - numerical model or representation of a real situation– Checkbook

• To use spreadsheet software, you:– Enter numbers– Indicate how the computer should

manipulate those numbers

• Particularly useful for what-if analysis

Spreadsheet Software: What is a spreadsheet?

• Worksheets– An on-screen spreadsheet– Based on grid of columns and rows

• Cell - intersection of columns and rows• A cell can contain

– Numbers (values)– Labels– Formulas (tells computer how to calculate)

What does a computerized spreadsheet look like?

• Cell reference - unique address given to cell– A1 = column A, row 1

• You can modify a spreadsheet by– Changing text, numbers, formulas– Inserting rows and columns– Deleting rows and columns

• Formulas can contain– Cell references– Mathematical operators– Numbers

How does spreadsheet software work?

• Automatic recalculation – recalculates all formulas whenever contents of any cell are changed

• Relative reference - cell reference

• Absolute reference - never changes when you insert rows or move formulas

What happens when I modify a worksheet?

• Statistical software

• Mathematical modeling software

• Money management software– Personal finance software

• Tax preparation software

Aside from spreadsheets, what other “number crunching” software is available?

• Database software helps you to enter, find, organize, update and report information stored in a database

Database Software: What is database software?

What is database software?

How do I create records?

• A query language is a set of command words to direct the computer to:

– Locate information

– Sort records

– Change data in records

• SQL ( Structured Query Language)

• Some software even allows a natural language query

How do I locate specific data?

• Print reports

• Export data to other programs

• Convert the data to other formats

• Transmit data to other computers

How can I use search results?

• Graphics – refers to any picture, drawing, sketch, photograph, image or icon that appears on your computer screen

• Graphics Software– Paint software– Photo editing software– Drawing software– 3-D graphics software

Graphics Software: What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?

• CAD software (computer-aided design software)

• Presentation software• Slides

What kind of software do I need to work with drawings, photos, and other pictures?

• Audio editing software lets you make your own digital voice and music recording– Ear training software– Audio encoding software

Music Software: Why would I need music software?

• Provides a set of tools for:– Transferring video footage– Clipping out unwanted footage– Assembling video segments in any sequence– Adding special visual effects– Adding a sound track

• DVD authoring software offers tools for creating DVDs with Hollywood-style menus

Video Editing Software: Is video editing software difficult to use?

Software Suites: What is a software suite?

• A collection of application software sold as a single package– Microsoft Office– Star Office– Open Office– WordPerfect Office

• Educational software helps you to learn and practice new skills– MindTwister Math– 3-D Froggy Phonics– SAT– GMAT– LSAT

Educational and Reference Software: How can I use my computer to learn new things?

• Reference software provides a collection of information and a way to access that information– Encyclopedias

• Microsoft Encarta• Britannica

– Dictionaries

What’s reference software?

• Over $6 billion of computer and video games are sold each year in the U.S. alone– 90% are people 18 and older– 13% are people over 50– About 43% are women

Entertainment Software: What’s the best-selling entertainment software?

• Computer games– Role-playing– Action– Adventure– Puzzle– Simulation– Sports– Strategy

What’s the best-selling entertainment software?

• Vertical market software

• Horizontal market software– Payroll software– Accounting software– Project management software

• Groupware

Business Software: Do businesses use specialized software?

Section D: Software Installation and Copyrights

• The key ingredients necessary to install new software are the files that contain the programs and data

• Usually supplied on distribution media

Installation Basics: What’s included in a typical software package?

• System requirements specify the operating system and minimum hardware requirements necessary for a software product to work correctly

How do I know if a software program will work on my computer?

• When you install software, the new software files are placed in the appropriate folders on your computer’s hard disk– Copies files from distribution disk– Uncompresses files – Analyzes computer’s resources– Analyzes hardware components and peripheral

devices– Looks for any system files and players– Updates necessary system files

Why is it necessary to install most software?

• A setup program guides you through the installation process

• Following the program will make installation easy

Installing from a Distribution Media: How do I install software from distribution media?

• Sometimes files are zipped, so they must be unzipped

• Other types– Self-installing executable file– Self-executing zip file– Non-executing Zip file

Installing Downloaded Software: Is the installation process different for downloaded software?

• Similar to installing a full version

• Update provides a setup file that checks to make sure that your computer contains a valid version of software to upgrade

• Software patches

• Service packs

Is installing a software update different from installing a the original version?

Uninstalling Software: How do I get rid of software?

• Uninstall routine deletes the software’s files

• A copyright is a form of legal protection

– Purchaser has right to copy software to a computer’s hard disk in order to install it

– Purchaser can make a backup copy

– Purchaser is allowed to copy and distribute sections of a software program for use in critical reviews and teaching

• Most software displays a copyright notice

Software Copyrights: Is it legal to copy software?

• A software license is a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program

• A shrink-wrap license goes into effect as soon as you open the packaging

Software Licenses: What is a software license?

• An installation agreement is displayed on the screen when you first install the software

What is a software license?

• Commercial software• Shareware • Freeware • Open source software• Public domain software

Are all software licenses similar?

You should now be able to:– Describe the software components of a typical

software package– Trace the development of a computer program– Describe the way an operating system manages

each computer resource– Describe key features of popular software– List types of software available– Explain how to install and uninstall software– Describe rights associated with software: for

users and programmers

Conclusion

1chapter 3: computer software 111chapter 4: file management, virus protection, and backup 1chapter...

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