1917. czar nicholas ii- absolute ruler of russia pogrom- violent attack on jewish community duma-...

1917

• Czar Nicholas II- absolute ruler of Russia

• Pogrom- Violent attack on Jewish community

• Duma- Russian legislature• Bolshevik- member of 1917 Russian

Communist revolutionary group• Soviet- council of workers and soldiers

set up by Russian Revolutionaries

Rasputin- “Mad Monk”; manipulated royal family of Russia

Lenin- leader of Bolshevik Party; first leader of Communist Russia or Soviet Union

Trotsky- High- ranking member of Communist Party; next in line to Lenin

Stalin- “ Man of Steel”; came to power after Lenin died and Trotsky was murdered

Lenin

Trotsky

StalinRasputin

Czarist Rule (Absolutism) Corrupt Government Feudalism Peasant Unrest Ethnic Tensions and Persecution of

Minority Groups Pogroms Military defeat in Russo-Japanese War

(1904) “Bloody Sunday”

Peaceful marchers gathered in St. Petersburg to ask the Czar to reform the government

Fearing an uprising, Czar Nicholas II ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd

Many Russians turned against the Czar

After Bloody Sunday, strikes and revolts swept across country. Fearing he would lose his power, Czar Nicholas II gave into the demands of the people.

Czar issues “October Manifesto” granting reforms and freedoms

Czar sets up the Duma, a legislature (lawmaking body), but then dissolves it when they disagree with him continues pogroms and issues laws to take power away from the Duma

Lack of Industrialization Involvement in WWI

• Shortage of weapons and supplies• Embarrassing defeats

Shortages of food, fuel, and housing Manipulation of Czarina Alexandra by

Rasputin Russians don’t trust her (She’s also German) textbook

Promised Peace, Land, and Bread

Promised to rid Russia of ethnic, religious, and class discrimination get rid of religion

Known as the Red Army

Fought the Czar’s supporters known as the White Army

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The Bolsheviks• Established a One-Party Totalitarian

Dictatorship• Outlawed religion, ended freedom of the

press, and set up a secret police

Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union. He quickly realized that Pure Communism wasn’t working and he introduced a New Economic Plan which included elements of capitalism. He died shortly thereafter

A power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin resulted in Trotsky’s death and Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union

Russification- Forced all ethnic groups in Soviet Union to speak Russian and give up their own cultural practices

5 Year Plans- Industrialized Russia/ Soviet Union, but at the cost of 60 million lives

Ruled with an iron fist; dissidents were sent to forced labor camps called gulags; secret police called the Checka searched for “traitors to the revolution” and held mock trials

Great Purge- Stalin’s Reign of Terror Master of propaganda

Stalin Both Robespierre

Stalin Both Robespierre

Dictators

Great Purge- 800,000 died

Reign of Terror - 40,000

Promoted women’s rights

Fake democracy

Man of Steel Nicknames The Incorruptible

Communism only worked when the government employed force could not last forever

Ruled by absolute monarchs who used divine right to justify their rule

Corrupt government Famine Bread riots Unequal land distribution- remains of feudalism Rigid social class structure Debt from foreign wars Queen was a foreigner from the country of the

enemy Revolution was led by radicals Both radical groups used three word slogan to

gain support of commoners

Both King/ Czar and radicals used secret police and censorship to control the people

Both king and czar called a legislature and then threw them out

Radicals tried to get rid of their enemies with a reign of terror

Religion was outlawed under the leadership of the radicals

Land was seized from the Church Food was taken from farmers by the radical govt. Both had actually experienced three revolutions Both were taken over by dictators who promoted

nationalism and imperialism to “save” other countries from corrupt leadership

Both took land and power from the nobility

Both faced attack from foreign powers Both absolute monarchs were executed by the

radicals Both experienced civil war (conservatives

versus nationalist radicals) Both countries followed expansionist

(imperialist) policies after the revolution and civil war

Dictators came to power at the end of revolution compromised their beliefs to stabilize the country

French Rev Russian Rev

Louis XVI Absolute Monarchs Czar Nicholas II

Jacobins Radical groups Bolsheviks

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

Three-word slogans “Peace, Land, and Bread”

Robespierre, Napoleon

Dictators Lenin, Stalin

Marie Antoinette Foreign queens Alexandra

Napoleon Foreigners come to power

Stalin

American Revolution

Foreign wars WWI

England, Austria, and Spain

Faced attacks from foreign countries

England and France

French Rev Russian Rev

Robespierre terror followed by Napoleon reformer

Post revolution leadership

Lenin reformer followed by Stalin terror