18.3 absolutism in europe - ccusd 93 · •absolutism: a political system ... –czar =...
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France Under
Louis XIV
• Absolutism: a political system in which a ruler holds total power
• Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the monarchy’s power
– Created network of spies
– Stripped many rights of Huguenots
Louis XIV takes power 1661 CE
• Established his seat of power in Palace of Versailles
• Held absolute power: taxes, foreign policy, religion
– Bribed local officials
• Devout Catholic; persecuted Huguenots, destroyed churches
Louis XIV • Louis XIV built palaces, started wars, and
financed lavish parties; expenses problematic
• Jean-Baptiste Colbert controlled finances of
France
– Followed mercantilism
• Raised a standing army of 400,000
– Waged four wars in hopes of total domination
• Louis XIV dies 1715 CE, age 76
– Left France surrounded by enemies; citizens in
poverty
“ [UP] TO THIS MOMENT I HAVE BEEN PLEASED TO ENTRUST THE GOVERNMENT OF MY AFFAIRS TO THE LATE CARDINAL. IT IS NOW TIME THAT I GOVERN THEM MYSELF. YOU [SECRETARIES AND MINISTERS OF STATE] WILL ASSIST ME WITH YOUR COUNSELS WHEN I ASK FOR THEM… . I REQUEST AND ORDER YOU TO SEAL NO ORDERS EXCEPT BY MY COMMAND… . I ORDER YOU NOT TO SIGN ANYTHING, NOT EVEN A PASSPORT . . . WITHOUT MY COMMAND; TO RENDER ACCOUNT TO ME PERSONALLY EACH DAY AND TO FAVOUR NO ONE.”
“YOU ARE ABOUT TO BECOME A GREAT KING. DO NOT IMITATE ME EITHER IN MY TASTE FOR BUILDING OR IN MY LOVE OF WAR. LIVE IN PEACE WITH THE NATIONS. . . . STRIVE TO RELIEVE THE BURDENS OF YOUR PEOPLE IN WHICH I HAVE BEEN SO UNFORTUNATE AS TO FAIL.”
Russia Ivan the Terrible
• Russia formally came into existence under Czar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) in ~1550 CE
– Czar = “Caesar” in Russian
• Destroyed the boyars (Russian nobles); ruled absolutely
• Died 1598 CE; “Time of Troubles” followed—anarchy
– Michael Romanov chosen as new czar; began Romanov dynasty
Peter the Great
• Peter the Great of the Romanov
dynasty became absolute czar 1689 CE
• Borrowed technology from Europe
• Borrowed from Western society and
culture
– Etiquette, customs
• Peter wanted a port with ready access
to Europe
– Warred with Sweden to gain access to
Baltic Sea
– Constructed St. Petersburg as a naval base
& trading port
Activity(18.4)
-One sheet of paper -Due at end of class-Complete sentences-Turn in to front desk
1. With your table partner, look up and define
“baroque” in the context of architecture.
2. Find 3 examples of buildings in the baroque
style. (list the names of the buildings)
3. Answer: How is baroque architecture
different from gothic? How is it similar?
4. Answer: Who was the most well-known
playwright of the Elizabethan era?
5. What theater did he most often perform at?
6. Find and list 10 different words that he
coined.
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