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CHAPTER 10
The Media
0MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 251
10. The text describes as a lovehate relationship the interactions
bet!een
a0. the "edia and the public. b0. reporters and editors.
c0. politicians and editors.
d0. politicians and the "edia.
e0. reporters and producers.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 251
20. The relationship bet!een public o%%icials and the "edia can best be
described as one o%
a0. antagonis".
b0. dependency.
c0. rivalry.
d0. benevolence.
e0. lovehate.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 251
&0. 'n recent years the relationship bet!een the "edia and govern"ento%%icials has beco"e
a0. "ore adversarial.
b0. "ore "utually supportive.
c0. less interdependent.
d0. "ore controlled.
e0. "ore consistent.
Type: FactualAns: #
Page: 252
(0. A study o% ninety%our countries revealed that in only )))))))) did
the "edia en*oy a high degree o% political %reedo".
a0. one
b0. eight
c0. sixteen
d0. t!enty%ivee0. %i%ty
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 252
50. 'n general+ the ,nited -tates places )))))))) restrictions on its
"edia than either France or reat /ritain.
a0. "any "ore
b0. slightly "ore
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50 Chapter 10: The Media
c0. about the sa"e nu"ber o%
d0. %e!er
e0. "ore signi%icant
Type: FactualAns: #
Page: 252
0. The chances o% public o%%icials in reat /ritain success%ully suing
*ournalists !ho libel the" in public are
a0. about the sa"e as in the ,nited -tates.
b0. considerably less than in the ,nited -tates.
c0. considerably greater than in the ,nited -tates.d0. nonexistent.
e0. not generally no!n.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 252
0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation
Act is true4
a0. 't helps protect ,.-. security. b0. 't virtually guarantees that so"e secrets !ill get out.
c0. 't places tighter restrictions on "edia in the ,nited -tates than
in other countries.
d0. 't !as ruled unconstitutional by the -upre"e #ourt in 16.
e0. 't violates several other congressional statutes and codes.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 252
60. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing virtually guarantees that nonstrategic
in%or"ation !ill beco"e public record4
a0. the 7%%icial -ecrets Act
b0. the ,.-. overn"ent Printing 7%%ice
c0. the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation Act
d0. the -upre"e #ourt case o% United States v. Nixon
e0. A and /.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $Page: 252
0. 7ne %actor that explains the greater %reedo" en*oyed by ,.-. radio
and television stations+ co"pared to those in France+ is that
a0. French radio and television stations "ust earn a pro%it.
b0. France has an 7%%icial -ecrets Act that allo!s it to punish those
!ho divulge sensitive in%or"ation.
c0. the -upre"e #ourt has declared all la!s regulating the "edia
as unconstitutional.
d0. the ,.-. %ederal govern"ent does not i"pose rules on broadcasters.
e0. ,.-. radio and television stations are privately o!ned.
Type: #onceptualAns: A
Page: 252
100. #o"pared !ith the early years o% the republic+ the po!er and
autono"y o% ne!spaper editors and reporters in the ,nited -tates
today is
a0. greater.
b0. about the sa"e.
c0. less.
d0. supre"e.
e0. insigni%icant.
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Chapter 10: The Media 51
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 252
110. The pheno"enon o% ne!spapers being %inanced by political partiesand politicians developed
a0. only in recent years.
b0. throughout "ost o% the t!entieth century.
c0. a%ter the #ivil 3ar.
d0. during the reat Depression.e0. in the early days o% the republic.
Type: FactualAns: #
Page: 252
120. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere %inancially
supported by
a0. advertising.
b0. pay"ents %ro" the Associated Press.
c0. subsidies %ro" political parties and politicians.
d0. "ass circulation.
e0. religious clubs and organi8ations.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 25&
1&0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the earlyyears o% the republic is true4
a0. They !ere cheaper than today.
b0. They !ere highly partisan.
c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.d0. They !ere avidly read by both the elite and the "asses.
e0. They !ere generally ob*ective.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 252
1(0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the early
years o% the republic is true4
a0. They !ere bipartisan.
b0. They !ere "ore expensive than today.c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.
d0. They !ere avidly read by both the elite and the "asses.
e0. They !ere %air and balanced in reporting.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 252
150. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about ne!spapers during the early
years o% the republic is true4
a0. They !ere less expensive than today.
b0. They !ere nonpartisan.
c0. They !ere supported by paid advertising.
d0. They !ere read "ostly by a s"all elite.
e0. They !ere %air and balanced in reporting.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 252
10. 'n the era o% the party press+ readers consisted o%
a0. citi8ens %ro" all !als o% li%e.
b0. %ar"ers.
c0. govern"ent e"ployees and o%%icials.
d0. i""igrants.
e0. a s"all nu"ber o% !elleducated people.
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52 Chapter 10: The Media
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 25(
10. An i"portant %actor in the develop"ent o% less partisan ne!spapersin the nineteenth century !as the gro!th o%
a0. paid advertising+ !hich reduced the need %or party subsidies.
b0. political patronage+ !hich contributed needed %unds to editors.
c0. a large rural population+ !hich balanced the urban bias o%
ne!spapers.d0. govern"ent subsidies+ !hich gave editors a strong %inancial
base.
e0. -upre"e #ourt rulings !hich involved charges o% libel.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 25(
160. #hanges in ,.-. politics have occurred at the sa"e ti"e as changes
in the organi8ation and technology o% the "edia. This see"s to
suggest that
a0. the nature o% *ournalis" dictates the nature o% politics.
b0. politics !ill respond to changes in ho! co""unication iscarried on.
c0. the technology o% *ournalis" responds to changes in politics.
d0. *ournalis" is "ore i"portant than politics in deter"ining ho!the govern"ent !ill operate.
e0. the nature o% politics dictates the nature o% *ournalis".
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 25(
10. An innovative ne!s establish"ent set up in 1(6 to provide
syste"atic disse"ination o% ne!s to publications o% di%%erent political persuasions !as the
a0. ticer tape.
b0. Pony $xpress.
c0. Associated Press.
d0. Washington Globe.
e0. 9iders #lub.
Type: #onceptualAns: D
Page: 25(
200. ;e!s coverage by the Associated Press had to be nonpartisan
because
a0. its %unding ca"e %ro" the %ederal govern"ent.
b0. its reporters< standards !ere highly pro%essional.
c0. govern"ent regulations re=uired it.d0. it served papers o% various political hues.
e0. its "anagers held the parties in conte"pt.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 25(
210. 3illia" 9andolph >earst used his ne!spapers to push the ,nited
-tates into a !ar against
a0. reat /ritain. b0. er"any.
c0. -pain.d0. ;icaragua.
e0. ?ietna".
Type: Factual
Ans: A220. A !ar bet!een the ,nited -tates and -pain !as %o"ented by the
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Chapter 10: The Media 53
Page: 25( publisher
a0. 3illia" 9andolph >earst.
b0. 9upert @urdoch.
c0. $ugene Pullia".
d0. Theodore oeb.
e0. #hristopher Donnell.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $Page: 25(
2&0. The need %or sensationalist *ournalis" died out due to the "iddle
class de"and %or re%or"+ the ter"ination o% circulation !ars+ and the
a0. expansion o% the nation.
b0. end o% Prohibition.
c0. end o% gang !ar%are.
d0. rise in libel suits.
e0. gro!ing education o% the readers.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 25(
2(0. For all their excesses+ the sensationalist "ass ne!spapers o% the late
nineteenth century e%%ected several i"portant changes in the press+including
a0. %reeing the press %ro" govern"ent control.
b0. encouraging cultural diversity in ,.-. society.
c0. li"iting the role o% technology in *ournalis".d0. giving greater po!er to a social elite.
e0. giving greater po!er to a political elite.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 25(
250. For all their excesses+ the sensationalist "ass ne!spapers o% the late
nineteenth century e%%ected several i"portant changes in the press+
including
a0. de"onstrating ho! pro%itable criticis" o% govern"ent could be.
b0. encouraging cultural and political diversity in ,.-. society.
c0. li"iting the role o% technology in *ournalis".
d0. giving greater po!er to a social elite.
e0. giving greater po!er to a political elite.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 25(
20. The ter" yellow journalism !as coined to describe "ediasensationalis" in !hat era4
a0. the early days o% the republic
b0. the ti"e o% the #ivil 3ar
c0. the turn o% the century
d0. post3orld 3ar ''e0. the reat Depression
Type: FactualAns: $
Page: 255
20. The era o% "ass ne!spapers in the second hal% o% the last century
signaled the beginning o%
a0. un%iltered ne!s coverage.
b0. the scoreeeping %unction o% the "edia.
c0. national interestgroup reorgani8ation.
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54 Chapter 10: The Media
d0. the !atchdog %unction o% the "edia.
e0. "ass politics and a large electorate.
Type: Factual
Ans: #Page: 255
260. A"ong the "aga8ines that %irst presented publicpolicy issues in the
"id1600s !ere all o% the %ollo!ing except
a0. Nation.
b0. Atlantic Monthly.
c0. Saturday Evening ost .
d0. !arper"s.e0. Mc#lure$s%
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 255
20. Nation& Atlantic Monthly& and !arper"s !ere
a0. "asscirculation "aga8ines %ounded in the early 100s.
b0. "aga8ines speciali8ing in yello! *ournalis" in the "id1600s.
c0. ne!spapers sponsored by the political parties o% the early1600s.
d0. the %irst "aga8ines to present public policy in the "id1600s.
e0. ne!spapers speciali8ing in party ne!s and election reports
%ounded in the early 100s.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 25(
&00. The ter" muc'ra'er !as %irst used in a political sense by
a0. Theodore 9oosevelt.
b0. #alvin #oolidge.c0. >erbert >oover.
d0. Franlin 9oosevelt.
e0. Ba"es ar%ield.
Type: Factual
Ans: #Page: 255
&10. The "ediu" that %irst allo!ed public o%%icials to reach the public in a
relatively un%iltered "anner !as
a0. the national "aga8ine.
b0. the national ne!spaper.
c0. radio.
d0. the New (or' )imes.
e0. the !ire service.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 255
&20. At the turn o% the century+ the gro!ing "edia sensationalis"
in%luencing public opinion !as no!n as
a0. purple prose.
b0. yello! *ournalis".
c0. "ucraing.d0. pac *ournalis".
e0. shoc lit.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: APage: 255
&&0. 7ne disadvantage to politicians o% radio or television coverage+
co"pared to ne!spaper coverage+ is that it
a0. allo!s citi8ens to turn o%% the "essage.
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Chapter 10: The Media 55
b0. is both "ore expensive and less accessible to politicians.
c0. per"its a greater degree o% editorial %iltering.
d0. is controlled by a hand%ul o% o!ners.e0. discourages color%ul rhetoric.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: D
Page: 255
&(0. $lectronic *ournalis" probably contributed to the decline in partyloyalties because
a0. the public lost con%idence in politicians a%ter seeing the" on
television. b0. the rate o% literacy dropped+ %orcing people to !atch television
rather than read party literature.
c0. television and radio %ocused attention on the issues+ "aing
party labels o% candidates irrelevant.
d0. politicians developed personal %ollo!ings independent o% party
structure.
e0. the public lost con%idence in television as a source o% political
ne!s.
Type: #onceptualAns: $
Page: 255
&50. 7ne advantage o% ne!spapers over the electronic "edia as a "eans
%or politicians to reach voters is that it
a0. "ini"i8es editorial %iltering.
b0. conveys a "ore direct "essage.
c0. restricts the argu"ents o% !ouldbe critics.
d0. conveys a "ore po!er%ul "essage.
e0. is less expensive.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: D
Page: 255
&0. To get television coverage+ public o%%icials typically have to
a0. be !ell connected.
b0. tae a conservative line.
c0. tae a liberal line.
d0. do so"ething color%ul.e0. appear organi8ed.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: D
Page: 25
&0. A "e"ber o% #ongress !ho !ishes to "axi"i8e his or her ne!s
"edia attention is !ell advised to
a0. propose increasing taxes.
b0. propose lo!ering taxes.c0. praise the president.
d0. attac the president.
e0. author ne! legislation.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 25
&60. A politician seeing television coverage "ay be !ell advised to
attac the president because
a0. "edia elites en*oy sniping at the president.
b0. "ost citi8ens harbor deep resent"ent o% any president.
c0. only the president routinely gets television coverage.
d0. positive ne!s is no ne!s in 3ashington+ D.#.
e0. "ost citi8ens ad"ire and respect the president.
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56 Chapter 10: The Media
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 25
&0. The ne! era o% electronic *ournalis" is best characteri8ed by
a0. an e"phasis on tal sho!s and a di"inishing i"portance o%
cable television.
b0. a di"inishing i"portance o% the three big net!ors and a rise
in popularity o% cable entertain"enttype progra"s.
c0. greater interest in probing con%rontations on policy issues by"a*or net!or *ournalists and less interest in hu"an interest
stories.
d0. a di"inishing interest in policy issues and a rise in overall popularity o% "a*or net!or progra"s.
e0. e"ergence o% ne!s "aga8ine progra"s on the "a*or net!ors.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 25
(00. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents accurately describes the
trans%or"ation o% A"erican *ournalis"4
a0. 3hen "ass circulation ne!spapers arose+ there also developedinterest groups.
b0. 3hen "aga8ines o% opinion developed+ there also arose "ass
politics.c0. 3hen radio beca"e do"inant+ politicians !ere unable to build
their o!n bridges to voters.
d0. 3hen television beca"e do"inant+ politicians !ere unable to
build their o!n bridges to voters.
e0. 3ith the 'nternet+ voters and political activists can tal to eachother.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 25
(10. The "ass "edia are not a true "irror o% reality because
a0. reporters are "ore conservative than the general public.
b0. the ne!s e"phasi8es sensational events and ignores positive
social trends.
c0. a process o% selection+ editing+ and e"phasis exists in ne!sreporting.
d0. the "edia tend to e"phasi8e national events and issues over
local ones.
e0. the "edia tend to e"phasi8e local events and issues over
national ones.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 25
(20. 7% the di%%erent sectors o% the "edia in the ,nited -tates+ that o%"a*or city ne!spapers is probably the
a0. "ost trusted.
b0. least trusted.
c0. least co"petitive.
d0. "ost co"petitive.
e0. "ost accurate.
Type: FactualAns: D
Page: 25
(&0. During the past thirty years+ the nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in the
,nited -tates has
a0. declined steadily.
b0. increased steadily.
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Chapter 10: The Media 57
c0. sho!n only a slight increase.
d0. not declined signi%icantly.
e0. increased dra"atically.
Type: FactualAns: $
Page: 25
((0. The least co"petitive sector o% the "edia in the ,nited -tates is that
o%
a0. cable television co"panies.
b0. radio.
c0. national "aga8ines.d0. "a*or television net!ors.
e0. bigcity ne!spapers.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 25
(50. The text argues that+ although politicians use the "edia+ the "edia
also use politicians %or
a0. scapegoats. b0. advertising.
c0. %unding.
d0. technical support.
e0. entertain"ent and in%or"ation.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 256
(0. To a re"arable degree+ "edia o!nership in the ,nited -tates is
a0. international.
b0. national.c0. regional.
d0. local.
e0. govern"ental.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /Page: 256
(0. The ,.-. "edia+ including the electronic "edia+ is pri"arily oriented
to its local "aret and local audience. The reasonCs %or this is Carethe
a0. Federal #o""unications #o""ission CF## regulations that
co"pel local a%%iliates to accept national net!or broadcasts.
b0. F## regulations that li"it "ultiple "edia o!nership in a given
"aret.
c0. !idescale o!nership o% the press by large national
corporations.
d0. shrining nu"ber o% total ne!s sources available to the averageciti8en.
e0. do"inance o% partisans in o!nership positions !ho insist on
!inning supporters "aret by "aret.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 256
(60. The ,.-. "edia+ including the electronic "edia+ is pri"arily oriented
to its local "aret and local audience. The reasonCs %or this is Care
the
a0. Federal #o""unications #o""ission CF## regulations that
allo! "ultiple "edia o!nership in a given "aret.
b0. !idescale o!nership o% the press by large national
corporations.
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58 Chapter 10: The Media
c0. F## regulations that prohibit net!ors %ro" re=uiring local
a%%iliates to accept net!or broadcasts.
d0. shrining nu"ber o% total ne!s sources available to the averageciti8en.
e0. do"inance o% partisans in o!nership positions !ho insist on
!inning supporters "aret by "aret.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 256
(0. The broadcasting industry in the ,nited -tates can best be described
as
a0. tightly regulated.
b0. centrali8ed.
c0. govern"ent o!ned.
d0. nationally oriented.
e0. decentrali8ed.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 256
500. @ost o% the national ne!s that local papers publish co"es %ro"
a0. local a%%iliates.
b0. their o!n ne!s sta%%s.
c0. television net!ors.
d0. !ire services.
e0. investigative reporting.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 256
510. T!o local ne!spapers that have ac=uired national readerships are
a0. the Wall Street *ournal and the New (or' )imes.
b0. the New (or' )imes and USA )oday.
c0. the New (or' )imes and the Washington ost .
d0. the Wall Street *ournal and the Washington ost .
e0. USA )oday and #hristian Science Monitor .
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /Page: 256
520. 3hat do the New (or' )imes and the Washington ost have in
co""on4
a0. They are both under international o!nership.
b0. They are both local papers !ith national %ollo!ings.
c0. They both cater exclusively to a liberal public.
d0. They both trace their history bac "ore than 100 years.
e0. They both cater exclusively to a conservative public.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $Page: 25
5&0. The existence o% national "edia+ including ne!s!eelies+ is
i"portant to politicians because
a0. the national "edia tends to be "ore representative o% the political philosophy o% A"ericans than the local "edia.
b0. the national "edia tends to be "ore conservative than the local
"edia.c0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.
d0. the ne!s they report is "ore succinct and easy to digest.
e0. %ederal o%%icials are "ore liely to %ollo! the national "edia.
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Chapter 10: The Media 59
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 25
5(0. The existence o% national "edia+ including ne!s!eelies+ isi"portant to politicians because
a0. the national "edia tend to be "ore representative o% the
political philosophy o% A"ericans than the local "edia.
b0. the national "edia is "ore liely to provide indepth analysis
o% ey issues.c0. %ederal o%%icials are "ore liely to %avor the "ore conservative
position o% the national "edia.
d0. the ne!s reported by the national "edia is "ore succinct andeasy to digest.
e0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 25
550. #o"pared !ith local *ournalists+ reporters and editors %or the national
"edia are "ore
a0. conservative. b0. liberal.
c0. restricted in !hat they can !rite.
d0. liely to act as gateeepers and less liely to act asscoreeepers.
e0. critical o% the presidency.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 25
50. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% gateeeper. This "eans that
they can
a0. in%luence public opinion on "ost issues.
b0. in%luence !hat sub*ects beco"e national political issues.
c0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering
their ca"paigns.
d0. provide greater depth on stories than the local press.
e0. channel public opinion in a "anner that causes politicians to
respond.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 25
50. Newswee' runs a %eature article on education in the ,nited -tates that
calls %or s!eeping changes in govern"ent policy on education. 'n
this role Newswee' is acting as
a0. gateeeper. b0. scoreeeper.
c0. !atchdog.
d0. investigator.
e0. # and D.
Type: #onceptualAns: A
Page: 25
560. The television !eely +, Minutes runs a seg"ent on the role o% local politicians in the drug trade. The issue soon beco"es the sub*ect o%
national debate. 'n this role +, Minutes is acting as
a0. gateeeper.
b0. scoreeeper.
c0. !atchdog.
d0. investigator.
e0. / and #.
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60 Chapter 10: The Media
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 25
50. 'n the past generation+ national "edia attention %ocus on cri"e has been
a0. steady+ !hether cri"e !as increasing or not.
b0. nonexistent+ although cri"e increased steadily.
c0. inter"ittent+ although cri"e increased steadily.
d0. stronger !hen cri"e increased than !hen it did not.e0. slight+ although cri"e has decreased steadily.
Type: FactualAns: $
Page: 25
00. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% scoreeeper. This "eans
that they can
a0. in%luence public opinion on "ost issues.
b0. in%luence !hat sub*ects beco"e national political issues.
c0. investigate election processes "ore aggressively than public
o%%icials.
d0. provide greater depth on stories than the local press.e0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering
their ca"paigns.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 25
10. A/# ;e!s declares one presidential candidate the !inner in a
televised debate. 'n this role+ A/# ;e!s is acting as
a0. gateeeper. b0. scoreeeper.
c0. !atchdog.
d0. investigator.
e0. # and D.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 25
20. The "edia typically report presidential elections as horse races
because o% the "edia<s role as
a0. arbiter.
b0. !atchdog.
c0. scoreeeper.
d0. "irror o% reality.
e0. "ediator.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: D
Page: 25
&0. The text states that the "edia typically report presidential elections ashorse races. This "eans that they
a0. have an instinctive desire to expose scandals.
b0. play the role o% gateeeper+ scoreeeper+ and !atchdog in a
presidential ca"paign.
c0. see the opportunity to !rite bacground or interpretive storiesabout issues in the ca"paign.d0. %ocus "ore on the contest itsel% than on the issues o% the
ca"paign.e0. have an instinctive desire to investigate personalities.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 20
(0. The ne!s "edia interpret a candidate<s secondplace %inish in the
'o!a caucuses as a sign o% strength. 'n this role the "edia are acting
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Chapter 10: The Media 61
as
a0. gateeeper.
b0. scoreeeper.
c0. !atchdog.
d0. investigator.
e0. / and #.
Type: Factual
Ans: DPage: 20
50. The national "edia o%ten play the role o% !atchdog. This "eans that
they can
a0. in%luence public opinion on "ost issues.
b0. in%luence !hat sub*ects beco"e national political issues.
c0. prevent certain politicians %ro" !inning o%%ice by not covering
their ca"paigns.
d0. expose scandals and investigate personalities.
e0. trac s!ings in public assess"ents o% candidates.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 20
0. The New (or' )imes publishes an article accusing a Texas senator o%using his po!er to extract contributions %ro" oil industry executives.
'n this role the )imes is acting as
a0. gateeeper.
b0. scoreeeper.c0. !atchdog.
d0. sounding board.
e0. ad*udicator.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 20
0. #o"pared to ne!spaper reporters+ television ne!s broadcasters have
a0. lo!er inco"es but "ore pro%essional %reedo".
b0. higher inco"es but less pro%essional %reedo".c0. higher inco"es and "ore pro%essional %reedo".
d0. lo!er inco"es and less pro%essional %reedo".
e0. lo!er inco"es+ but exceptional pro%essional %reedo".
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 20
60. ,nlie bigcity ne!spapers+ radio and television stations "ust
a0. identi%y their audience and cultivate a lasting relationship.
b0. rely on paid advertising %ro" "ultiple sources.
c0. get their national ne!s %ro" !ire services.
d0. operate pro%itably !hile still providing balanced ne!s
coverage.
e0. have a govern"ent license to operate.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 20
0. #o"pared !ith the print "edia+ the electronic "edia are
a0. less co"petitive but "ore strictly regulated.
b0. "ore co"petitive but less strictly regulated.
c0. "ore co"petitive and "ore strictly regulated.
d0. less co"petitive and less strictly regulated.
e0. less co"petitive and co"pletely %ree o% regulation.
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62 Chapter 10: The Media
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 20
00. 3hich a"end"ent to the ,.-. #onstitution prevents the govern"ent%ro" censoring the "edia4
a0. the First
b0. the Fi%th
c0. the -ixth
d0. the T!enty%irste0. ;one o% these.
Type: FactualAns: /
Page: 20
10. The %ederal govern"ent sued the New (or' )imes to prevent it %ro"
publishing
a0. accounts o% BapaneseA"ericans detained in ,.-. concentration
ca"ps during 3orld 3ar ''.
b0. the Pentagon Papers.
c0. secret grand *ury %indings on the 3atergate scandal.
d0. reports o% 9eagan<s ar"s%orhostages dealings.e0. video tapes o% . ordon iddy orchestrating a breain.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 20
20. 3hen the New (or' )imes sought to publish the Pentagon Papers and
the %ederal govern"ent sued to prevent publication+ !hat position did
the -upre"e #ourt tae4
a0. 't allo!ed publication to proceed. b0. 't prohibited publication.
c0. 't allo!ed publication but assessed %ines.
d0. 't ruled that it had no *urisdiction in the "atter.
e0. 't sided !ith the argu"ents o% the %ederal govern"ent.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 21
&0. 'n a ey decision+ a *ury ruled that )ime "aga8ine had published
%alse state"ents about a certain public %igure. This individual could
not collect da"ages+ ho!ever+ because the publication !as not"alicious. 3ho !as this public %igure4
a0. eorge -teinbrenner
b0. 3illia" 3est"oreland
c0. 9ichard ;ixon
d0. 7liver ;orth
e0. Ariel -haron
Type: FactualAns: #
Page: 21
(0. 3hen 'sraeli general Ariel -haron sued )ime "aga8ine %or libel+ the
*ury decided that
a0. )ime"s stories on -haron !ere accurate.
b0. )ime had libeled -haron and "ust pay da"ages.c0. )ime had libeled -haron but not "aliciously.d0. -haron laced standing to sue in a ,.-. court.
e0. -haron had sho!n no true case and controversy.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 21
50. For a ne!spaper to be %ound guilty o% libel+ the accused party "ust
a0. prove beyond reasonable doubt that !hat !as printed !as
da"aging+ even i% it !as printed accidentally.
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Chapter 10: The Media 63
b0. sue the reporter !ho !rote the story and not the ne!spaper that
published it.
c0. sue the ne!spaper that published the story and not the reporter!ho !rote it.
d0. provide clear and convincing evidence that !hat !as printed
!as "alicious.
e0. establish that !hat !as printed could have been interpreted in"ore than one "anner.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 21
0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about la!s intended to protect the
privacy o% citi8ens is correct4
a0. They do not really inhibit ne!spapers.
b0. They exert strong pressure on ne!spapers to chec all stories.
c0. They apply to public o%%icials only.
d0. They apply to ne!spapers but not to other "edia.
e0. They apply to ne!spapers and radio+ but not television.
Type: Factual
Ans: /Page: 21
0. 'n general+ !hat position has the -upre"e #ourt taen on thegovern"ent<s right to co"pel reporters to divulge in%or"ation
concerning the co""ission o% a cri"e4
a0. 't has ruled against it.
b0. 't has upheld it.
c0. 't has avoided ruling on it.
d0. 't has yet to rule on it.
e0. 't has ruled in a contradictory "anner.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 21
60. The case o% @yron Farber+ a reporter %or the New (or' )imes+ dealt
!ith the =uestion o%
a0. !hether the police can search ne!sroo"s.
b0. the grounds %or libel.
c0. the de%inition o% obscenity.d0. the de%inition o% incite"ent.
e0. the con%identiality o% a reporter<s sources.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 21
0. The right o% reporters to conceal the sourceCs o% their in%or"ation
about a cri"e has been upheld by
a0. the "edia only. b0. the "edia and the -upre"e #ourt only.
c0. the "edia and the police only.
d0. the "edia+ the -upre"e #ourt+ and the police.
e0. ;one o% these.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 2&
Cbox
600. The text suggests three things to loo %or !hen trying to read a
ne!spaper intelligently. They are the
a0. degree o% ob*ectivity+ the choice o% coverage+ and the source o%
in%or"ation.
b0. type o% coverage+ nu"ber o% sources+ and the %lexibility o%
language.
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64 Chapter 10: The Media
c0. source o% in%or"ation+ the degree o% ob*ectivity+ and the use o%
language.
d0. choice o% coverage+ the degree o% ob*ectivity+ and the use o%language.
e0. choice o% coverage+ the source o% in%or"ation+ and the use o%
language.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 21
610. >o! %re=uently do television broadcasting licenses co"e up %or
rene!al4
a0. every year
b0. every t!o years
c0. every three years
d0. every %ive years
e0. every ten years
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 21
620. >o! %re=uently do radio broadcasting licenses co"e up %or rene!al4
a0. every year
b0. every t!o years
c0. every %ive years
d0. every seven years
e0. every ten years
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 21
6&0. 'n recent years+ the process o% rene!ing broadcast licenses by theFederal #o""unications #o""ission CF## has beco"e
a0. "ore di%%icult.
b0. auto"atic.
c0. partisan.
d0. apolitical.
e0. easier.
Type: FactualAns: D
Page: 21
6(0. To have its license rene!ed+ a radio or television station "ust
a0. sign a pledge not to critici8e the national govern"ent un%airly.
b0. sub"it ne!s broadcasts to govern"ent censors to re"ove all
obscene "aterial.
c0. provide %ree co""ercial ti"e to political candidates.
d0. de"onstrate ho! it plans to serve the co""unity needs.
e0. identi%y goals in broadcasting cycles that address nationalconcerns.
Type: Factual
Ans: /Page: 21
650. -ince the 160s+ broadcasting licenses are auto"atically rene!ed
unless
a0. the station has been %ound guilty o% broadcasting obscenity.
b0. so"e co""unity group %or"ally ob*ects.c0. the station has been %ound to critici8e the govern"ent un%airly.
d0. the station<s o!nership has changed.
e0. the stations o!nership has not changed %or a considerable
period o% ti"e.
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Chapter 10: The Media 65
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 22
60. ,ntil it !as abolished in 16+ !hat obligated broadcasters to presentcontrasting sides o% controversial public issues4
a0. the right o% reply rule
b0. the #o""unications Act o% 1(
c0. the %airness doctrine
d0. the e=ual ti"e rulee0. the respondent superior doctrine.
Type: FactualAns: A
Page: 22
60. 3hat is the current status o% the %airness doctrine+ !hich deals !ith
broadcasters< responsibility to present both sides o% controversial
issues4
a0. 't !as abolished by the Federal #o""unications #o""ission
CF## in 16 but is still %ollo!ed voluntarily by "ost
broadcasters.
b0. 't is still in e%%ect and is %ollo!ed by "ost broadcasters.c0. 't !as abolished by the F## in 16 and is no longer %ollo!ed
by "ost broadcasters.
d0. 't is still in e%%ect but is not %ollo!ed by "ost broadcasters.e0. 't !as never %or"ally instituted and is rarely %ollo!ed by "ost
broadcasters.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 22
660. The content o% radio and television broadcasts is regulated in !ays
that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcastersare re=uired by la! to
a0. sell e=ual ti"e to all candidates.
b0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac that occurred on
a regular ne!s progra".
c0. allo! a candidate to petition %or a station<s endorse"ent.
d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.
e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% currentissues.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 22
60. The content o% radio and television broadcasts is regulated in !ays
that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcasters
are re=uired by la! to
a0. provide %ree advertising to all candidates.
b0. allo! a candidate to petition %or a station<s endorse"ent.
c0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac+ provided it did
not occur on a regular ne!s progra".
d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.
e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% current
issues.
Type: Factual
Ans: #Page: 22
00. The content o% radio and television broadcasts is regulated in !ays
that ne!spapers and "aga8ines are not. For exa"ple+ broadcasters
are re=uired by la! to
a0. provide %ree advertising to all candidates.
b0. allo! individuals the right to reply to an attac that occurred on
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66 Chapter 10: The Media
a regular ne!s progra".
c0. allo! a candidate to reply to a station<s endorse"ent o% the
opposing candidate.d0. present contrasting sides o% controversial public issues.
e0. produce public debates and %oru"s %or the discussion o% current
issues.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 22
10. For the "edia to broadcast the #arter9eagan debate o% 160+ !hich
o% the %ollo!ing had to be agreed to4
a0. /oth points o% vie! had to be given e=ual ti"e.
b0. 'nvitations to all other candidates %or president had to be
issued+ and their re%usals obtained.
c0. All three "a*or net!ors had to agree on the %or"at o% the
debates.
d0. The debates had to be sponsored by the eague o% 3o"en
?oters and covered as a ne!s event.
e0. The debates had to %eature =uestions by "e"bers o% the ne!s
"edia.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 22
20. The #arter9eagan debate in 160 !as sponsored by the eague o%
3o"en ?oters C3? because
a0. the 3? had an exclusive license %or that purpose.
b0. the 3? threatened to sue the net!ors.
c0. both candidates !anted an i"partial %oru".
d0. the %airness doctrine did not apply.e0. that arrange"ent allo!ed circu"vention o% the e=ual access
rule.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 22
&0. According to the text+ !hy "ight candidates %or local o%%ice choose
not to advertise on television4
a0. To do so "ight place the" in violation o% the e=ual ti"e rule. b0. They "ay decide that other "edia provide a "ore direct+
un%iltered !ay o% reaching voters.
c0. Their districts "ay be too s"all geographically %or television
advertising to be cost e%%ective.
d0. Their constituencies "ight include a si8able proportion o%
individuals !ho do not !atch television.
e0. Distrust o% television ne!s "ight cause a baclash.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 22
(0. According to the text+ !hy is a candidate %or the -enate "ore liely
to advertise on television than a candidate %or the >ouse4
a0. because a senator<s constituency is "ore !idely spread
geographically
b0. because a senator<s constituency is "ore narro!ly concentrated
geographicallyc0. because a senator<s constituency "ight include a si8able
proportion o% voters !ho do not !atch television
d0. because senators typically choose "edia that provide a "ore
direct !ay o% reaching voters
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Chapter 10: The Media 67
e0. because a senators salary is three ti"es that o% a "e"ber o%
the >ouse !ho can rarely a%%ord such advertising
Type: Factual
Ans: APage: 22
50. The advertising rates charged to candidates %or public o%%ice+
co"pared !ith those %or other advertisers+ are
a0. the sa"e.
b0. usually higher.
c0. usually lo!er.
d0. al!ays lo!er because o% the e=ual ti"e rule.e0. usually lo!er+ i% the candidate is liberal.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: $
Page: 2(
0. According to the text+ the principal reason !hy political candidates
cannot be sold lie a deodorant is that
a0. the general idea o% a deodorant is "ore liely to stic.
b0. political advertising is too tightly regulated.c0. a candidate<s "essage is too co"plicated to sell.
d0. deodorants s"ell better.
e0. people are not stupid.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 2(
0. 3hy should average citi8ens tae "ore seriously a decision about
!hich candidate to vote %or than about !hat deodorant to buy4
a0. because they have "ore in%or"ation on !hich to base a
decision b0. because "ore "oney is spent on political advertising
c0. because the staes are higher
d0. because deodorants are not endorsed
e0. because political advertising is "ore liely to be accurate.
Type: FactualAns: #
Page: 2(
60. 'n presidential elections throughout this century+ "ost localne!spapers have
a0. %avored the De"ocrat in all but one instance.
b0. %avored the De"ocrat slightly "ore o%ten than the 9epublican.
c0. %avored the 9epublican in all but one instance.
d0. %avored 'ndependents+ !ith the exception o% 9onald 9eagan.
e0. split about evenly bet!een parties.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 2(
0. A process that li"its the shortter" e%%ect o% radio and television onvoters is one that psychologists call
a0. burnout.
b0. sti"ulusresponse acceleration.c0. anticipatory apathy.
d0. the iterative %actor.
e0. selective attention.
Type: #onceptualAns: $
Page: 2(
1000. @ass "edia probably have the least e%%ect on
a0. ho! politics is conducted.
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68 Chapter 10: The Media
b0. ho! candidates are selected.
c0. ho! candidates are perceived.
d0. ho! policies are %or"ulated.e0. ho! people vote in elections.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 25
1010. The %irst person to beco"e a candidate %or president chie%ly as aresult o% television exposure !as
a0. Adlai -tevenson.
b0. /arry old!ater.c0. ary >art.
d0. $stes Ee%auver.
e0. Besse Bacson.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 25
1020. 7n !hich o% the %ollo!ing issues are the "edia "ost liely to have
the greatest in%luence on the national political agenda4
a0. an issue such as une"ploy"ent that a%%ects people personally
b0. an issue such as the environ"ent !ith !hich people have little
personal experience
c0. an issue such as abortion or school prayer !ith !hich the
courts have been involved
d0. an issue such as school taxes that a%%ects people at the local
level
e0. A and #.
Type: #onceptualAns: D
Page: 2
10&0. '% the 1 presidential ca"paign is any indication+ )))))))) tend tosee greater ideological di%%erences bet!een candidates than do
)))))))).
a0. radio listeners+ television vie!ers
b0. television vie!ers+ ne!spaper readers
c0. television vie!ers+ radio listeners
d0. ne!spaper readers+ television vie!erse0. ne!spaper readers+ radio listeners
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 2
10(0. 9egarding the e%%ects o% "edia on politics+ research suggests all o%
the %ollo!ing except
a0. issues that citi8ens believe to be i"portant politically are
si"ilar to issues %eatured by the "edia. b0. the personal opinions o% ne!scasters have little shortter"
e%%ect on presidential popularity.
c0. ne!spaper readers see bigger ideological di%%erences bet!een
candidates than do television vie!ers.d0. ne!spaper endorse"ents have a s"all but signi%icant e%%ect on
voter pre%erence.
e0. people are "ore liely to tae their cues %ro" the "edia on
"atters that a%%ect the" personally.
Type: #onceptualAns: $
Page: 2
1050. 9egarding their relationship !ith the "edia+ ,.-. public o%%icials
generally
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Chapter 10: The Media 69
a0. try to avoid the "edia to prevent da"age to their reputations.
b0. resist the "edia at every opportunity.
c0. rely on the "edia to tae the initiative on "edia coverage.d0. rely on the "edia only to the extent that the "edia can help set
a political agenda.
e0. spend a great deal o% ti"e cultivating the "edia.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 2
100. According to the text+ the %irst president to raise cultivation o% the
"edia to an art %or" !as
a0. Theodore 9oosevelt.
b0. 3oodro! 3ilson.
c0. >erbert >oover.
d0. Franlin 9oosevelt.
e0. 3oodro! 3ilson.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: /
Page: 2
100. #o"pared !ith other 3estern nations+ the ,.-. "edia play a "uch
"ore i"portant role in
a0. voicing the o%%icial govern"ent line.
b0. personali8ing our leaders.
c0. re%lecting the political agenda o% an elite.
d0. dealing !ith critical issues.
e0. solving social proble"s.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #Page: 2
1060. The reason #ongress does not receive as "uch "edia coverage as the
president is that
a0. %e!er i"portant decisions are "ade by #ongress than by the
president.
b0. congressional rules %orbid "e"bers %ro" speaing to the
"edia until a%ter a bill has been voted on.
c0. "e"bers o% #ongress play "ore speciali8ed roles than the
president.d0. #ongress no longer allo!s television coverage o% its
proceedings.
e0. #ongress rarely allo!s television coverage o% its proceedings.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 2
100. ,ntil 16+ the attitude o% the >ouse to!ard television and radio
coverage o% its proceedings could best be described as
a0. very open and candid.
b0. open at least during election years.
c0. =uite restrictive.
d0. "ore restrictive during De"ocratic ad"inistrations.e0. less restrictive during 9epublican ad"inistrations.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 2
1100. -igni%icant live coverage o% >ouse co""ittee hearings began in 1(
!ith the
a0. >ouse Appropriations #o""ittee<s hearing on the ?ietna"
3ar budget.
b0. >ouse Ar"s #o""ittee<s vote to re*ect President ;ixon<s
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70 Chapter 10: The Media
re=uest %or additional ar"s to #uban %reedo" %ighters.
c0. >ouse $thics #o""ittee<s vote to strip 9ichard Alsup o% his
>ouse seat.d0. >ouse Budiciary #o""ittee<s discussion o% the possible
i"peach"ent o% 9ichard ;ixon.
e0. >ouse Appropriations #o""ittees hearings on the #entral
'ntelligence Agencys budget %or covert action.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 2
1110. 'n recent years+ television coverage o% the >ouse has been
a0. inter"ittent !ith a large audience.
b0. inter"ittent !ith a s"all audience.
c0. gaveltogavel !ith a large audience.
d0. gaveltogavel !ith a s"all audience.
e0. rare+ !ith a large audience.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 2
1120. Television coverage o% the >ouse changed radically !ith the
e"ergence o%
a0. !ire services.
b0. USA )oday.
c0. television ne!s!eelies.
d0. digital tv.
e0. cable television.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: APage: 2
11&0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the relationship bet!een
television and the -enate is "ost accurate4
a0. Television has "ade the -enate an incubator o% presidential
candidates.
b0. Television has sub*ected the -enate to nu"erous exposes.
c0. Television has tended to insulate the -enate %ro" public
opinion.
d0. Television has "ade the -enate internationalist in character.e0. Television has had not noticeable i"pact on the behavior o%
-enate "e"bers or the cha"bers processes.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 2
11(0. According to recent polls+ A"ericans clai" to get "ost o% their ne!s
%ro"
a0. "aga8ines o% opinion. b0. local ne!spapers.
c0. national ne!spapers Ce.g.+ the New (or' )imes.
d0. national ne!s!eelies Ce.g.+ )ime.
e0. television.
Type: Factual
Ans: #
Page: 2
1150. #o"pared to the !ay the public vie!s the credibility o% the "edia+
the "edia see the"selves as
a0. "ore biased but also "ore popular.
b0. "ore po!er%ul but less reliable.
c0. %air and unbiased.
d0. less po!er%ul but "ore reliable.
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Chapter 10: The Media 71
e0. po!erless but popular.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 26
110. #o"pared to the nu"ber o% people !ho !atch a television ne!s progra" every day+ the nu"ber !ho read a ne!spaper every day is
a0. "uch larger.
b0. so"e!hat larger.
c0. so"e!hat s"aller.
d0. "uch s"aller.
e0. about the sa"e.
Type: FactualAns: D
Page: 26
110. #o"pared to the average citi8en+ "e"bers o% the national "edia are
a0. %ar "ore conservative.
b0. so"e!hat "ore conservative.
c0. so"e!hat "ore liberal.
d0. %ar "ore liberal.e0. "ore "oderate.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 2
1160. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing "ight tend to "ae a reporter treat a public
o%%icial %avorably4
a0. the need to cultivate a source
b0. the exa"ple o% 3ood!ard and /ernsteinc0. an adversarial stance
d0. access to canned ne!se0. libel la!s
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 2
110. The type o% story that is least liely to be in%luenced by the political
attitudes o% the *ournalist reporting it is the
a0. routine story. b0. selected story.c0. insider story.
d0. local story.
e0. predicated story.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 2
1200. The Associated Press and 9euters generally supply ne!spapers !ith
!hat type o% stories4
a0. selected
b0. routine
c0. insider
d0. investigative
e0. predicated
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 2
1210. #overage o% presidential ca"paigns tends to be relatively unbiased
because
a0. "ost ca"paign stories are routine.
b0. govern"ental scrutiny o% the "edia is greater.
c0. the national "edia tend to be "ore liberal than the local "edia.
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72 Chapter 10: The Media
d0. "ost ca"paign stories are controversial.
e0. ca"paigns are run too %ast %or co""entary to gain "o"entu".
Type: Factual
Ans: #Page: 20
1220. According to Peter /raestrup+ in reporting the 16 Tet 7%%ensive+
the "edia
a0. ac=uitted the"selves !ell.
b0. do!nplayed evidence o% co""unist success.
c0. portrayed a ;orth ?ietna"ese "ilitary de%eat as a success.
d0. paid little attention to !hat turned out to be the "ost i"portantstory o% the ?ietna" 3ar.
e0. overexaggerated the violence associated !ith the "ilitarys
actions.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: D
Page: 20
12&0. The aspect o% ne!s reporting on !hich the political ideology o%
*ournalists is most liely to co"e into play is the issue o%
a0. ho! to handle routine stories.
b0. ho! "uch space to give a story.
c0. ho! long to carry a story.
d0. !hich stories to cover.
e0. ho! to present a story.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 20
12(0. The type o% ne!s story that is most liely to raise the =uestion o% the
source<s "otive is the
a0. routine story.
b0. selected story.
c0. insider story.
d0. local story.
e0. predicated story.
Type: Factual
Ans: /Page: 21
1250. The text argues that the ,.-. #onstitution contributed to the proble"
o% press leas !hen it
a0. created %reedo" o% the press.
b0. separated the branches o% govern"ent.
c0. established a national govern"ent.
d0. established a -upre"e #ourt.
e0. established the executive branch and its appointed o%%icers.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #Page: 21
120. 7ne reason !hy so "any ne!s leas occur is that
a0. "ost public o%%icials receive so"e "oney %ro" the "edia.
b0. govern"ent e"ploys so "any press o%%icers.c0. po!er in govern"ent is so decentrali8ed.
d0. presidential re!ards are so attractive.
e0. "edia experts are also public o%%icials.
Type: #onceptualAns: #
Page: 21
120. 7ne reason !hy so "any ne!s leas occur is that
a0. "ost public o%%icials receive so"e "oney %ro" the "edia.
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Chapter 10: The Media 73
b0. govern"ent e"ploys so "any press o%%icers.
c0. it is legal to print "ost govern"ent secrets.
d0. presidential re!ards are so attractive.e0. "edia experts are also public o%%icials.
Type: Factual
Ans: A
Page: 21
1260. @edia stories about 3hite!ater is an exa"ple o%
a0. attac *ournalis".
b0. the %airness doctrine.
c0. narro!casting.d0. "edia "areting.
e0. %ocuscentric reporting.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 21
120. 7ne explanation %or the adversarial relationship that has developed
bet!een govern"ent o%%icials and the "edia since 3atergate is
a0. co"petition !ithin the "edia %or ne!s honors and a!ards. b0. the use o% ne!s releases.
c0. the pressure on the "edia to retain their sources o% in%or"ation.
d0. the gro!ing po!er o% local "edia.
e0. the use o% canned ne!s.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: A
Page: 21
1&00. 7ne explanation %or the adversarial relationship that has developed
bet!een govern"ent o%%icials and the "edia since 3atergate is
a0. the ideological gap that exists bet!een the "edia and o%%icials. b0. the use o% ne!s releases.
c0. the pressure on the "edia to retain their sources o% in%or"ation.
d0. the gro!ing po!er o% local "edia.
e0. the use o% canned ne!s.
Type: Factual
Ans: #Page: 21
1&10. -urveys suggest "ost A"ericans believea0. the "edia slants its coverage.
b0. the "edia have too "uch in%luence.c0. the "edia abuses its constitutional protections.
d0. All o% these.
e0. ;one o% these
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 2&
1&20. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about negative ads is incorrect 4
a0. Adversarial "edia coverage "aes the" "ore socially
acceptable.
b0. #andidates use the" because they !or.
c0. They "ay change the pre%erences o% so"e voters.
d0. They are associated !ith reduced voter turnout.e0. They are associated !ith increased voter turnout.
Type: Factual
Ans: $
Page: 2&
1&&0. The text suggests the extra"arital a%%airs o% Franlin 9oosevelt and
Bohn Eennedy !ere no!n to reporters+ but not reported because
a0. there !as not nearly so "uch "edia co"petition at the ti"e.
b0. both "en !ere De"ocrats.
c0. libel la!s !ere en%orced "ore strictly at the ti"e.
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74 Chapter 10: The Media
d0. reporters !ere not nearly so adversarial in their approach
to!ard govern"ent.
e0. A and D.
Type: FactualAns: D
Page: 2&
1&(0. 3hich o% the %ollo!ing state"ents about the post-epte"ber 11
environ"ent is incorrect 4
a0. -urveys indicated "ore people !ere %ollo!ing the national
ne!s "ore closely.
b0. @ore A"ericans %elt the "edia got the %acts right.c0. @ost A"ericans %elt "edia coverage o% the !ar on terroris"
!as good or excellent.d0. The television net!ors gained vie!ers.
e0. ;one o% these.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 2(
1&50. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalistsis the
a0. threat o% the govern"ent<s revoing a *ournalist<s license.
b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%1.
c0. need %or *ournalists to stay on good ter"s !ith their inside
sources o% in%or"ation.d0. threat that press o%%icers !ill bypass the local "edia and reach
the national "edia directly.
e0. the -upre"e #ourts ruling in #haplins'y v% New !ampshire.
Type: #onceptual
Ans: #
Page: 2(
1&0. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalists
is the
a0. threat o% the govern"ent<s revoing a *ournalist<s license.
b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%
1.c0. use o% leas and bacground stories to !in or re!ard
*ournalistic %riends.
d0. threat that press o%%icers !ill bypass the local "edia and reach
the national "edia directly.
e0. the -upre"e #ourts ruling in #haplins'y v% New !ampshire.
Type: #onceptualAns: #
Page: 2(
1&0. A"ong the !eapons that the govern"ent uses to constrain *ournalistsis the
a0. threat o% the govern"ent<s revoing a *ournalist<s license.
b0. en%orce"ent o% the Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation 9e%or" Act o%
1.
c0. denying o% a *ournalist<s access to canned ne!s.d0. president<s o!n syste" o% re!ards and punish"ents to
*ournalists.
e0. the -upre"e #ourts ruling in #haplins'y v% New !ampshire.
Type: Factual
Ans: /
Page: 2(
1&60. The source o% a bacground story is typically
a0. one o% the !ire services.
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Chapter 10: The Media 75
b0. not identi%ied by na"e.
c0. the president<s press secretary.
d0. the president hi"sel%.e0. the presidents chie% o% sta%%.
Type: Factual
Ans: D
Page: 2
1&0. The president !ho "ade the "istae o% attacing the "edia publiclyrather than privately !as
a0. D!ight $isenho!er.
b0. Bohn Eennedy.c0. yndon Bohnson.
d0. 9ichard ;ixon.
e0. erald Ford.
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
Ans: True
Page: 251
1(00. 3ith the decline o% political parties+ the i"portance o% the "edia has
increased.
Ans: False
Page: 251
1(10. The ,nited -tates places greater restrictions on its "edia than does
France or reat /ritain.
Ans: True
Page: 252
1(20. The "edia have to deal !ith %e!er govern"ental restrictions in the
,nited -tates than in reat /ritain.
Ans: True
Page: 252
1(&0. 3hen printed state"ents ridicule the"+ public %igures in $ngland
%re=uently sue ne!spapers and collect.
Ans: False
Page: 252
1((0. The ,.-. %ederal govern"ent can dictate to or censor the television
through its licensing procedures.
Ans: False
Page: 252
1(50. The in%luence o% the "edia on politics has re"ained about as strong
in the t!entieth century as in the nineteenth.
Ans: True
Page: 252
1(0. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere co""only
sponsored by the political parties.
Ans: FalsePage: 252
1(0. 'n the early years o% the republic+ ne!spapers !ere independent o% politicians and political parties.
Ans: True
Page: 252
1(60. ;e!spapers in the early republic reached only a s"all and select
portion o% the citi8enry.
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76 Chapter 10: The Media
Ans: False
Page: 252
1(0. /y 1600+ press readership included people %ro" all !als o% li%e.
Ans: FalsePage: 252
1500. The govern"ent %unded partisan press !as the invention o% Tho"asBe%%erson.
Ans: True
Page: 252
1510. The nations earliest ne!spapers !ere relentlessly partisan.
Ans: False
Page: 25&
1520. The e%%ect o% the appearance o% the Associated Press in 16(6 !as to
%urther increase the partisan and biased nature o% reporting.
Ans: False
Page: 25&
15&0. @assreadership ne!spapers o% the 1600s !ere nonpartisan.
Ans: True
Page: 25(
15(0. The "assne!spaper era+ !hich began during the last hal% o% the
nineteenth century+ sa! the e"ergence o% "ass politics and a largeelectorate.
Ans: False
Page: 25(
1550. ;e!spapers %or a "ass audience did not e"erge until the 120s.
Ans: True
Page: 255
150. ;ational interest groups developed through the e"ergence o%
national "aga8ines.
Ans: TruePage: 25( 150. The G"an !ith the "uc raeG !as originally a character in Bohn/unyan<s ilgrim"s rogress.
Ans: TruePage: 255
1560. Politics do"inated the pages o% "ost national "aga8ines in the latenineteenth century.
Ans: True
Page: 25
150. 'ncreasing usage o% sound bites by television net!ors has "ade it
harder %or presidential candidates to get their "essages across to the public.
Ans: True
Page: 25
100. The average ne!s sound bite %or a presidential contender in 2000 !as
less than 6 seconds.
Ans: False
Page: 25
110. A visual is a shre!dly photographed i"age co""ercial %or a
candidate.
Ans: True 120. A visual re%ers to a candidate<s appearance on television+ not
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Chapter 10: The Media 77
Page: 25 including paid ads.
Ans: False
Page: 25
1&0. 9esearch sho!s strong negative conse=uences %ro" the recent
changes in politicians< access to the "edia.
Ans: False
Page: 25
1(0. 9esearch sho!s strong positive conse=uences %ro" the recent
changes in politicians< access to the "edia.
Ans: True
Page: 25
150. The ne!est electronic source o% ne!s is the 'nternet and the 3orld
3ide 3eb.
Ans: True
Page: 25
10. The 'nternet is the ulti"ate %ree "aret in political ne!s+ since no
one can ban+ control+ or regulate it and no one can eep %acts or
nonsense o%% o% it.
Ans: True
Page: 25
10. 7verall+ the nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in the nation today is not
"uch di%%erent than in the 150s.
Ans: False
Page: 25
160. The nu"ber o% daily ne!spapers in this country has declined
substantially over the past thirty years.
Ans: True
Page: 25
10. There !as a signi%icant decline in the nu"ber o% cities !ith
co"peting daily ne!spapers during the 100s.
Ans: True
Page: 25
100. 'n "a*or cities+ co"petition bet!een daily ne!spapers has been
declining "aredly.
Ans: False
Page: 25
110. 7ver the last &0 years+ ne!spaper circulation has increased.
Ans: False
Page: 25
120. People continue to get "ost o% their ne!s %ro" ne!spapers.
Ans: False
Page: 25
1&0. Federal o%%icials pay about the sa"e attention to national as to local
"edia co""ents about the".
Ans: True
Page: 25
1(0. -ince the 10s+ young people have beco"e less interested in
political ne!s.
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78 Chapter 10: The Media
Ans: True
Page: 25
150. overn"ent o%%icials in 3ashington pay relatively little attention to
local ne!spapers and broadcasters.
Ans: False
Page: 25
10. Bournalists !ho !or %or the national press tend to be "ore
conservative than those !ho !or %or the local press.
Ans: False
Page: 256
10. The text suggests there are only ten truly national ne!spapers.
Ans: FalsePage: 256
160. A study has sho!n that the contents o% each evenings ne!s broadcasts signi%icantly shapes the content o% the %ront page o% the
"orning edition o% the New (or' )imes.
Ans: TruePage: 25
10. Auto"obile sa%ety and !ater pollution !ere not "a*or political issuesuntil the national press began giving substantial attention to these
"atters.
Ans: TruePage: 25
1600. @edia attention to cri"e increased in the 10s but slacened in the10s despite the %act that cri"e generally continued to go up.
Ans: False
Page: 25
1610. The "edia pay little attention to the 'o!a caucus because the state is
not representative o% the nation as a !hole and produces only a tiny
%raction o% convention delegates.
Ans: True
Page: 20
1620. The national "edia play the role o% !atchdog over the %ederal
govern"ent.
Ans: False
Page: 20
16&0. The role o% !atchdog over govern"ent is played "ore by the local
than the national "edia.
Ans: False
Page: 20
16(0. Federal regulation o% the "edia is concentrated on the least
co"petitive sector.
Ans: False
Page: 20
1650. The "ost co"petitive sector o% the "edia consists o% bigcity
ne!spapers.
Ans: True
Page: 20
160. A"erican courts have developed libel la! in such a "anner that it is
very di%%icult %or public o%%icials or pro"inent persons to sue and
collect da"ages.
Ans: False
Page: 21
160. '% a paper attacs a person in print+ it has a legal obligation to provide
a space %or that person to reply.
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Chapter 10: The Media 79
Ans: True
Page: 21
1660. ;o one "ay operate a radio station !ithout a license %ro" the Federal
#o""unications #o""ission.
Ans: False
Page: 20
160. ;o one "ay operate a ne!spaper !ithout a license %ro" the Federal
#o""unications #o""ission.
Ans: True
Page: 21
100. ;o one "ay operate a television station !ithout a license %ro" the
Federal #o""unications #o""ission.
Ans: False
Page: 21
110. Television stations "ust rene! licenses !ith the Federal
#o""unications #o""ission once every seven years.
Ans: False
Page: 21
120. Applications %or rene!al o% licenses are %re=uently re%used by the
Federal #o""unications #o""ission.
Ans: True
Page: 21
1&0. As a result o% the Teleco""unications Act o% 1+ a %e! large
co"panies no! o!n "ost o% the big"aret radio stations.
Ans: FalsePage: 22
1(0. The tougher editorial restrictions that acco"panied theTeleco""unications Act o% 1 has led to less variety o% opinions
and sho!s on radio.
Ans: True
Page: 22
150. The %airness doctrine obligated broadcasters to present contrasting
sides o% controversial issues.
Ans: True
Page: 22
10. A recent %ederal decision abolished the %airness doctrine.
Ans: False
Page: 22
10. The e=ual ti"e provision ensures that only "a*orparty contenders be
given e=ual ti"e by broadcasters.
Ans: True
Page: 22
160. According to the e=ual ti"e rule+ broadcasters !ho sell advertising
ti"e to one candidate "ust sell e=ual a"ounts at e=ual rates to the
candidate<s co"petitorCs.
Ans: True
Page: 2&
10. The "edia probably do have an e%%ect on ho! citi8ens thin and !hat
they thin about+ ho! they attribute responsibility %or proble"s+ !hat
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80 Chapter 10: The Media
policy pre%erences they hold+ and !hat policy "aers do.
Ans: False
Page: 2&
2000. Television plays a "a*or role in shaping the opinions o% vie!ers and
thus a%%ects their voting behavior.
Ans: True
Page: 2(
2010. The e%%ects o% the "edia have "ore to do !ith ho! politics is
conducted than !ith ho! people vote.
Ans: TruePage: 2(
2020. ocal ne!spapers generally endorse 9epublican candidates %or the presidency.
Ans: False
Page: 2(
20&0. 'n "ost presidential elections+ local ne!spapers !ill endorse
9epublicans and De"ocrats in approxi"ately e=ual nu"bers.
Ans: TruePage: 2(
20(0. The issues that citi8ens %eel are i"portant are the sa"e issues thatne!spapers and television ne!scasts %eature.
Ans: False
Page: 2(
2050. Fre=uently+ the "ass "edia %ail to concentrate on public issues that
"ost people %eel are i"portant.
Ans: TruePage: 25
200. Television does less to deter"ine people<s opinions than to deter"inethe issues about !hich they should have opinions.
Ans: False
Page: 25
200. Those !ho get their ne!s %ro" television di%%er "aredly in their
political opinions %ro" those !ho get their ne!s %ro" the print
"edia.
Ans: FalsePage: 2
2060. A study o% the 1 presidential election discovered ne!spaperreaders sa! less ideological di%%erence bet!een the candidates
C#arter and Ford than did television vie!ers.
Ans: True
Page: 2
200. yndon Bohnson attributed the %ailure o% his !ar policy in ?ietna" to
the reporting o% 3alter #ronite and #-S News progra"s.
Ans: False
Page: 2
2100. Press secretaries at the 3hite >ouse go bac nearly as %ar as the
republic itsel%.
Ans: True
Page: 2
2110. The presidential press secretary is a relatively ne! 3hite >ouse
position+ dating %ro" the >oover ad"inistration.
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Chapter 10: The Media 81
Ans: True
Page: 2
2120. The >ouse o% 9epresentatives preceded the -enate in allo!ing its
proceedings to be televised.
Ans: False
Page: 2
21&0. The -enate per"its "ore thorough coverage o% its proceedings than
does the >ouse.
Ans: True
Page: 26
21(0. 7ne reason ne!spapers have stopped issuing editorial endorse"ents
in presidential elections is that they are unliely to "ae a di%%erence.
Ans: True
Page: 26
2150. Bournalists are "uch "ore liberal than the public at large+ and those
in the national "edia are the "ost liberal o% all.
Ans: True
Page: 2
210. The vast "a*ority o% "edia leaders in 3ashington D.#. voted %or /ill
#linton in the 12 presidential election.
Ans: True
Page: 2
210. The text suggests that it !ould be astonishing i% belie%s and opinions
had no e%%ect on !hat is !ritten or broadcast.
Ans: False
Page: 2
2160. 'nsider stories concern public events that any reporter can %ind out
about but that %e! reporters bother to cover.
Ans: True
Page: 2
210. /y their nature+ insider stories are not available to the "edia at large.
Ans: FalsePage: 20
2200. The insider lea is a co"paratively ne! pheno"enon in ,.-. politics.
Ans: True
Page: 21
2210. eas to the press go bac as %ar as govern"ent itsel%.
Ans: TruePage: 21
2220. 'n recent years reporters have tended to beco"e increasinglysuspicious o% o%%icialdo" in general.
Ans: False
Page: 21
22&0. @ore "utual trust has characteri8ed relations bet!een o%%icials and
*ournalists in recent years.
Ans: False
Page: 21
22(0. A recent poll suggests "ost A"ericans oppose the idea o% re=uiring a
license to practice *ournalis".
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82 Chapter 10: The Media
Ans: True
Page: 21
2250. A recent poll suggests a "a*ority o% A"ericans support court
i"posed %ines %or inaccurate or biased reporting.
Ans: False
Page: 21
220. Attacing public %igures in the "edia has beco"e a pro%essional
taboo.
Ans: True
Page: 22
220. The public<s con%idence in big business+ and in the business o% the
"edia+ has eroded.
Ans: True
Page: 2&
2260. A%ter the terrorist attac on the ,nited -tates on -epte"ber 11+ 2001+
the public expressed "ore con%idence in the accuracy o% "edia
reporting.
Ans: True
Page: 2&
220. 9esearch sho!s that negative advertising not only changes the
pre%erences o% voters+ but it also reduces voter turnout.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
2&00. #o"pare %reedo" o% the press in the ,nited -tates !ith that in other nations generally+ and particularly !ith
that in France and reat /ritain.
Answer
a0. enerally: The ,nited -tates is one o% only sixteen out o% ninety%ive nations !here the "edia en*oy a
high degree o% %reedo"
b0. France: All broadcasting operated by the govern"ent heavy %ines levied %or criticis" o% o%%icials
c0. reat /ritain: ibel la!s "ore stringent on press CG"aliceG need not be proved 7%%icial -ecrets Actas opposed to Freedo" o% 'n%or"ation Act.
Page: 251252
2&10. ist and brie%ly explain the %our periods o% *ournalistic history in the ,nited -tates.
Answer
a0. Party press: papers subsidi8ed by political parties addressed s"all elite ruthlessly partisan
b0. Popular press: rotary press and telegraph gave rise to !ire services "assbased papers beca"e very
po!er%ul so"eti"es associated !ith yello! *ournalis"
c0. @aga8ines o% opinion: reaction o% "iddle class to yello! *ournalis" led to less extre"is"+ "ore
nonpartisan political coverage
d0. $lectronic *ournalis": direct politicianvoter lin+ but selective vie!ing possible need %or dra"a to
obtain coverage
Page: 25225
2&20. Discuss the in%luence on politics that the national "edia can have as gateeepers+ as scoreeepers+ and as
!atchdogs. /e sure to de%ine and give an exa"ple o% each o% these ter"s.
Answer
a0. ateeeper: !hat beco"es an issue and ho! long it re"ains so+ %or exa"ple cri"e
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Chapter 10: The Media 83
b0. -coreeeper: "aing or breaing politician<s reputations by "entioning the" Ce.g.+ Bi""y #arter+
ary >art
c0. 3atchdog: exa"ining political and personal lives+ especially o% the po!er%ul Ce.g.+ ary >art
Page: 25620
2&&0. The content o% radio and television is regulated in !ays the content o% ne!spapers is not. $xplain the
%ollo!ing regulations: e=ual ti"e rule+ right o% reply rule+ and political editoriali8ing rule.
Answer
a0. $=ual ti"e rule: i% a station sells ti"e to one candidate+ it "ust be !illing to sell e=ual ti"e %or
opposing candidates.
b0. 9ight o% reply rule: i% a person is attaced on a broadcast other than in a regular ne!s progra"+ that
person has the right to reply over the sa"e station.
c0. Political editoriali8ing rule: i% a broadcaster endorses a candidate+ the opposing candidate has a right
to reply.
Page: 2122
2&(0. #o"pare and contrast routine+ selected+ and insider stories+ noting the possible proble"s o% reporter and
source bias in each type o% story.
Answer
a0. 9outine: public events regularly covered by reporters+ co"paratively little o% bias
b0. -elected: public events no!able to in=uiring reporters but not usually reported+ bias o%
reporterHeditor "ay %igure pro"inently in selection
c0. 'nsider: events not usually public+ revealed because so"eone inside reveals the"+ proble" o% the
"otive o% the leaer
Page: 220
ESSAY QUESTIONS
2&50. The print and broadcast "edia play di%%erent roles in politics. #o"pare ho! these t!o %or"s o% "ediainteract !ith politics in substantially di%%erent !ays.
Answer
a0. $lectronic "edia have contributed to the decline in party loyalties by enabling candidates to develop
personal %ollo!ings outside the party structure.
b0. #o"petition is "ore intense in the broadcast "edia+ producing "ore e"phasis on the sensational.
c0. The govern"ent is "ore involved in the regulation o% the broadcast "edia through licensing and+ as a
result+ has in%luenced the content o% the ne!s by i"posing rules such as the e=ual ti"e regulation.
d0. The public "ore readily trusts television ne!s over the ne!spapers. Bournalists also tend to be "ore
liberal than the general public.
e0. ;e!spaper *ournalists have "ore pro%essional %reedo" than broadcast *ournalists.
Page: 251255
#hapter: 100
2&0. Argue that the in%luence o% politics and the govern"ent on the "edia is greater than the reverse. Does one
type o% "edia Cbroadcast or print have an advantage in its relationship to the political process4 $xa"ine the
advantages o% each in %or"ing a conclusion.
Answer
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84 Chapter 10: The Media
a0. 9eporters "ust co"pro"ise their o!n vie!s to eep access to a source. Thus govern"ent sources can
in%luence the conclusions o% "any ne!s reports.
b0. Politicians grant or !ithhold intervie!s and scoops depending on a reporter<s prior articles.
c0. The govern"ent regulates the broadcast "edia to serve the public interest. This ensures that all sides
o% an issue are covered not "erely the opinion o% the radio or television station o!ners.
d0. The advantages o% the broadcast "edia over the print "edia are: television is the "ost trusted %or" o%"edia television is the pri"ary source o% ne!s %or "ost A"ericans television reaches "ore people.
e0. The disadvantages o% the broadcast "edia co"pared to the print "edia are: educated people rely "ore
heavily on ne!spapers+ and they are "ore liely to participate in the political process the broadcast
"edia are "ore closely regulated by the govern"ent people use selective attention and "ental
tuneout to %ilter the broadcast "edia.
Page: 2&2
2&0. /y the 160s sex and politics !ere extensively covered by the "edia. This greater propensity to
sensationali8e the ne!s !as in star contrast to the "edia<s behavior during earlier decades o% the 100s.
Discuss !hat see"s to be responsible %or the shi%t.
Answer
a0. ;ot politics. All o% the people !ho" the press covered or reported on !ere De"ocrats.
b0. $cono"ics !as a reason. @ore intense co"petition a"ong radio and television stations+ cable ne!s
net!ors+ and radio tal sho!s "eant that each had a s"aller share o% the audience. To attract any
audience at all+ each had a big incentive to rely on sensational ne!s stories: sex+ violence+ and
intrigue.
c0. Bournalists !ere another reason. 9eporters !ere !illing to brea stories that had only one unna"ed
source+ and o%ten not a source at all but a ru"or posted on the 'nternet. As a result+ reporters !ere
easily "anipulated by sources than once !as the case.
Page: 2&2
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