11. europe between the wars, the great depression · increasing tensions • invasion of ethiopia...

11. Europe Between the Wars, The Great Depression

11.1 International Politics, 1919-1939 11.2 Stalin’s Five Year Plans and Purges 11.3 Italy and Germany Between the Wars 11.4 Interwar Cultural Developments

11.1 International Politics, 1919-1939

League of Nations • “Collective Security” Dawes Plan (1924) Locarno Pact (1925) Kellogg-Brian Pact (1929)

Increasing Tensions • Invasion of Ethiopia

(1935) • Remilitarization of the

Rhineland (1936)

Increasing Tensions • Invasion of Ethiopia

(1935) • Remilitarization of the

Rhineland (1936) • Spanish Civil War

(1936-1939) • Japanese Invasion of

China (1937) • Munich Pact (1938)

Setting the Stage • Polish Guarantee • Nazi-Soviet Pact

(1939)

11.2 Stalin’s Five Year Plans and Purges

Rise of Stalin

• Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin

• Russian Civil War and War with Poland

• “Socialism in One Country”

• NKVD – “People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs”

• Gulag • Purges – Political Opponents – Military

• 3 of 5 Marshals • 13 of 15 Army

commanders (3-4 star generals)

• 8 of 9 Admirals • 50 of 57 Army Corps

commanders • 154 of 186 Division

commanders • 16 of 16 Army

commissars • 25 of 28 Army corps

commissars

11.3 Italy and Germany Between the Wars

Fascism

• “Core mobilizing myth…is the vision of the nation’s imminent rebirth from decadence” – Roger Griffin

• “Third Way”

Mussolini • New Roman Empire • Black Shirts • “March on

Rome” (1922) • Invasion of Ethiopia

Hitler • Volksgemeinschaft • Brown Shirts • Beer Hall Putsch

(1923) • Mein Kampf (1925)

Hitler’s Rise to Power • Unemployment • Presidential Elections

(1932) • Chancellor (1933)

Consolidating Power • Enabling Act (1933) • Night of the Long

Knives (1934) • Nuremberg Laws

(1935)

11.4 Interwar Cultural Developments

Disillusionment • Wilfred Owen • Erich Maria

Remarque – All Quiet on the

Western Front (1929)

Roaring 20s • Flappers • Jazz • Radio • Movies – Berlin – Los Angeles