10-automatic identification system - arroyo
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United States Coast GuardOffice of Navigation Systems
Providing navigationsafety information for
Americas waterways
Jorge Arroyo
Office of Navigation Systems
U.S. Coast Guard
Washington, DC
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers & U.S. Coast Guard
Inland Waterways ConferenceCincinnati, OH
March 7th, 2007
http://www.uscg.mil/vtm -
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Automatic Identification System (AIS)
Why? What is it?
Who has to have itand will have too?
How does it work and used?
Where do we have coverage?
Nationwide AIS Project (NAIS)
Common Operating Picture (COP)
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Shipboard AIS
http://www.simrad.com/products/large_picture.asp?ID=2243http://www.simrad.com/products/large_picture.asp?ID=2243 -
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What started the USCG on AIS?
In 1990, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Actwhich participation in VTS mandatory anddirected the USCG to seek ways to have
dependent surveillance of all tankers bound for
Valdez, Alaska.
To that end, in 1993 the USCG developedAutomated Dependent Surveillance Shipboard
Equipment (ADSSE), based on Digital SelectiveCalling (DSC) protocol.
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In 1997, Congressstated that AIStechnology should be the foundation of any
future VTS system and that it stronglybelieves that this technology will
significantly improve navigational safety, notjust in select VTS target ports, but
throughout the navigable waters of the
U.S, and, that we continue working withstakeholders
Congress supports/mandates AIS!
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In 1999, the National Dialog Group, comprised of the
marine private and public representatives, stated they:
strongly endorse the widespread use of AISemploying dGPS and onboard transponder
technologiesthat national use of AIS technology on
the greatest number of vessels is essential both as afoundation of a VTS systemimproving navigationsafetystrongly urge the USCG to take the leadin
developing equipment and procedural standards that
will promote universal use of AIS technology, whichwill be less intrusive and distracting to the mariner
than will a voice-based control system
Industry endorses AIS!
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As of December 31st, 2004, the following must have aproperly installed, operational, type-approved AIS
On international voyage:
Tankers, Passenger > 150 GT, all others ships > 300 GT
Per SOLAS Regulation V/19.2.4
Self-propelled commercial vessels > 65 feet Except fishing and passenger vessels ( 65 feet
Except fishing and passenger vessels ( 26 feet and > 600 hp
Vessel certificated to carry > 150 passengers
AIS Carriage Regulations33 CFR 164.46
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What is AIS?
Autonomous Continuous Station-to-Station Navigation Broadcast System
- 3 modes of operation: automatic/self-reporting, assigned, interrogation/polling
- Open protocol & non-proprietary
- Robust capability: can handle up to 4500 reports per minute
- Frequency agile: any 2 channels in the VHF Marine Band
- Versatile: multiple standard interfaces and display options
Internationally Adopted & Required (IMO SOLAS Regulation V/19.2.4)- Tankers, passenger vessels, and, other ships 300 of gross tonnage or greater
Purpose: collision avoidance, vessel traffic service tool, and, coastal surveillance
Mandated by Congress by the Marine Transportation & Security Act of 2002
- Commercial self-propelled vessels 65 feet or greater;
- Towing Vessels over 26 feet or greater and 600 hp or more;
- Passenger vessels as determined by USCG; and
- those the USCG deems necessary for safety.
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Forthcoming AIS Rule
Announcement published October 31st, 2005
Extend to all U.S. navigable waters Potentially could effect 17,000 vessels.
Commercial self-propelled vessel of > 65 feet
No exceptions
Towing vessel > 26 feet and > 600 hp
Vessels carrying > 50 passengers (vice 150)
Hi-Speed vessels carry > 12 passengers
Certain dredges / floating plants, and
Vessel moving certain dangerous cargoes
Forthcoming rulemaking will address timeline
Reasonable time will be given for installation/use
Waiver provisions already exist
Estimated Expanded
AIS Population
Ships>65ft 2,973
Freight Ship 298
Industrial Ship 748
MODU 210
OSV 553
Research Vessel 97
School Ship 19
Tank Ship 122
Unclassified 385
Unknown 541
Fishing >65ft 5,520
Documented 4,571
Undocumented (est.) 949
Towing>26ft & >600hp 4,560
Passenger 3,235
>65ft 2,167
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ASSEMBLEGathers positioning, heading, vesseldata and assembles it into an AIS
compliant data sentences
READAIS data sentences
may be read/sent on/tomultiple devices
COMMUNICATEBroadcasts and manages
the flow of AIS datasentences
GNSSdGPS
Gyro/Heading
Rate of Turnper SOLAS
requirements
!AIVDM,2,2,7,A,2220D93?;5@fb80,0*64
1 VHF Transceiver3 VHF Receivers- AIS1 Ch.87B- AIS2 Ch.88B
- DSC Ch.70
Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA)[][][][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]
AIS how
Inputs
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AIS ATONs
Monitors health& position
Improvesavailability byreducing time torespond to
outages becauseof near real timemonitoring.
Improves
visibility to AISequipped vessels.
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Vessel Name Bearing - Range
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See aroundbends
Calculate
encounterzones
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See aroundbends
Calculate
encounterzones
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Bi M d F ti l Id tifi
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Binary Messages and Functional Identifiers
AIS allows the transfer of Binary Messages
a means for communication for external applications General broadcast Addressed to specific station (MMSI)
Results in a Binary Acknowledgement to confirm
that the addressed binary message was received
All binary messages are composed by
an external application on the transmission side
can only be used by the same external applicationconnected to the AIS on the receiver side.
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Meteorological & Hydrological Reporting
Improves the overall safety &efficiency of marine traffic
Some in place since 2002
AIS Event Detection
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AIS Event Detection
Automatic event detection
User specified event types
Flag to indicate status of event
Find vessel involved in event
Forward event information via:
System Integration Module
SMS or email
Speech integrated
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Lock Order Message
Used by SaintLawrenceSeaway since2002
Improvesefficiency, lockutilization,mitigates racing& wait time
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Malaysia DredgeMonitoring Project
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Malaysia Dredge
Monitoring Project
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USACE
Real-time
Current Velocity
Meters
AIS Traffic Analysis & Vessel Traffic Management
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AIS Traffic Analysis & Vessel Traffic Management
The before and after implementation oftraffic separation scheme
Industry is using AIS Washington St. Ferries
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Industry is using AIS Washington St. Ferries
Industry is using AIS Washington St. Ferries
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Industry is using AIS Washington St. Ferries
Acceleration/deceleration graphs shows areas of opportunity for fuel savings
European Multi-service Meteorological Awareness system
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RainLow
TempHigh
Temp
Fog
ForestFire
AvalancheSnow
and Ice FloodThunder
storm
Wind
Weather Warnings EMMA Shore to Ship)
uropean Multi-service Meteorological Awareness system
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ignal Status Shore to Ship
Physical configurations
Current U.S. AIS Capabilitynotional coverage
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notional coverage
USCG VTS
- NY/NJ, LMR, HOU/GAL,Tampa, Port Arthur,Berwick Bay, LA/LB, SF,Puget and Prince Wm. Sound
Joint Harbor Operations Centers(USCG/USN JHOC)
MOA with St. Lawrence Seaway
USCG R&D AIS Efforts- Prototype AIS installations and
network
- Coverage analysis and evaluation
- Evaluating AIS & VHF voicecommunications compatibility
Alaska Secure Passive AIS
Gulf of Mexico Offshore Platforms NOAA Weather Buoys with AIS
Commercial Low Earth OrbitSatellite-Orbcomm launch
Daily number of vessels tracked between 3/03 and 3/07
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Different vessels logged by USCG AIS Research Network each day
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
3/27/03 6/27/03 9/27/03 12/27/03 3/27/04 6/27/04 9/27/04 12/27/04 3/27/05 6/27/05 9/27/05 12/27/05 3/27/06 6/27/06 9/27/06 12/27/06
yCoast Guard R&D Center AIS Network
Nation-wide AIS Project Overview
S
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Automatic reception of AIS information (vessel ID, location, speed, and
other navigational information) nationwide out to 2000nm from shore
Transmission of standard messages out to 24nm from shore
Correlation with other vessel and crew database systems for
intelligence and operational decision makers Display information to a Common Operational
Picture (COP) and share with other agencies
One known need: Common Operating Picture plus
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Defense
Operations
Plans
Weather Data
National
Assets
Common
Intelligence
Picture
Force
Deployments
Law Enforcement
Operations Plans
Unclassified
Satellite Photos
Unclassified
Vessel Tracking Data
Maps & Charts
Models
(e.g. radiological dispersion)
Customs
InformationFBI
Information
Maritime Information
for Safety and Law Enforcement
(MISLE) data
Facilities Security
Plans
Port Security
Assessments
AutomaticIdentificationSystem data
UnclassifiedCargo, Crew Data
Port Security
Plans
CommonOperatingPictureplus
News Media
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Nation-wide AIS Project
Display information to a Common OperationalPicture (COP) and share with other agencies
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Display information to a Common OperationalPicture (COP) and share with other agencies
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WWW.NAVCEN.USCG.GOV
USCG AIS
United States Coast Guard
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ -
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Office of Navigation Systems
NEW
****************************Jorge.Arroyo@uscg.mil
1-202-372-1563
www.navcen.uscg.gov
U.S. Coast Guard
Office of Navigation Systems
2100 Second St. SW
Washington, DC 20953
What AIS broadcasts
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ -
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Safety Related & Binary Applications SHORT TEXT MESSAGING < 156 characters DATA MESSAGING & BINARY APPLICATIONS
Weather & Hydrological Information- NOAA Physical Oceanographic Real Time System NWS-Real-time weather buoy (C-MAN station) USACE Real-time Current Meter System (RTCM)
Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)- ATON Discrepancies
Distress Alerts Urgent Notices & Warnings Traffic Advisories Radar Overlay / Pseudo-targets Additional Hydro & Meteorological Information
Other possible uses- Aids to Navigation
Search and Rescue Port Partners Lock/Canal operations endless opportunities!
MARITIME MOBILE SERVICE INDENTIFIER
UNIVERSAL TIME STAMP (GPS)
Dynamic Data-every 2-10 seconds per speed and course change
POSITION & ACCURACY (+/-10m)
COURSE OVER GROUND
SPEED OVER GROUND
HEADING
RATE OF TURN
VESSEL IMO NUMBER
COLREG NAVIGATION STATUS
Static & Voyage Data-every 6 minutes or upon change
VESSEL NAME & CALL SIGN
VESSEL TYPE & DIMMENSIONS
STATIC DRAFT
HAZARDOUS CARGO FLAG
DESTINATION & ETA
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GPS Multi-pathError
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False position
from ships AIS
Correct position
from Pilots GPS
Ships Displayed Position
o via Pilot Unit
o via AIS
Note mile offset error
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Ships Displayed Position
o via Pilot Unito via AIS
Note mile offset error
NAIS - System Context Diagram
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DataProcessing
DataProcessing
Storage/ArchiveStorage/Archive
LAN
NAIS ScopeSAR Aircraft
Aids to
Navigation
Aids to
Navigation
Rx/Tx
Rx/Tx
Rx/TxRx/Tx
RxRx
RxRx
RxRx
VHF
Data
Link
WAN & DiverseRemote SiteConnectivity
Commercial
Vessels
Coast Guard Systems C2
Law Enforcement
Intelligence
Marine Safety
Waterways Management
External Users Coast Guard
DHS
Government
Non-government
Cutters and
Deepwater
Assets
Government
Vessels
Recreational
Vessels
Rx/TxPlatform
Rx/Tx
Platform
Rx
Platform
Rx
Platform
Rx
Platform
SystemOperations
Center
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