1 the bones of limbs shandong university liu zhiyu

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The bones of limbsSHANDONG UNIVERSITY

Liu Zhiyu

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shoulder girdle

bones of free upper limb

Composition

bones of upper limb

humerus

radius

ulna

The bones of hand

Carpal

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Clavicle

Scapula

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1 、 Clavicle ： position: ：。

shape ： S-shaped, ，

medial end: sternal end lateral end: Acromial end

Acromial end Sternal end

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(1). a. Superior border : Coracoid process

2. Scapula

b. Lateral (axillary)

border

c. Medial (vertebral)

border

(1) Three borders

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Superior angle : opposite to the 2nd rib

Inferior angle : opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space

Lateral angle ：

Supraglenoid tubercles

infraglenoid tubercles

Glenoid cavity :

articulates with head of humerus

(2) Three angles

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(3)Two surfaces Anterior surface ： subscapular fossa Posterior surface ― Spine of scapula Acromion

supraspinous fossa

infraspinous fossa

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（二）1 、 Humerus ： located in the upper arm

head of humerus

Lesser tubercle

Medial epicondyle

capitulum of humerus

Radial fossa

Intertubercular sulcus

Deltoid tuberosity

Surgical neck

Trochlea of humerus

Greater tubercle

The anterior review of humerus

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（二）

head of humerus

Surgical neck

Sulcus for radial nerve

Lateral epicondle

Olecranon fossa

Sulcus for ulnar nerve

Trochlea of humerus

The posterior review of humerus

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Radius Upper end:

head of radius

neck of radius

radial tuberosity

articular circumference Shaft ： interosseous border Lower end:

styloid process

ulnar notch

carpal articular surface

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Ulnar Upper end:

olecranon

coronoid process

trochlear notch

radial notch

ulnar tubersity Lower end

styloid process

head of ulna

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3 、 bones of hand ： Carpal bones . Metacarpal bones . ）

Phalanges of fingers 。

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3 、 bones of hand

Carpal bones . 、

Scaphoid bone

Lunate bone

Triquetral bone

Pisiform bone

Trapezium bone

Trapezoid bone

Capitate bone

Hamate bone

Metacarpal bones

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3 、 bones of hand ：

Proximal phalanx

Middle phalanx

Distal phanx

Metacarpal bones . Phalanges of fingers 。

Base

Shaft

Head 头

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二、 Bones of Lower Limb

Pelvic Girdles : hip bone

bone s of free lower limb

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Bones of foot

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（一） Pelvic Girdles

Hip bone ：由 Ilium 、 Pubis 、 Ischium 。

iliac crest

Acetabular fossa

Anterior superior iliac spine

Arcuate line

Iliac fossa

Lunate surfaceAuricular surface

Anterior inferior

iliac spine

Acetabulum

Iliac tuberosity

Posterior superior iliac spuine

Ala of ilium

Posterior inferior iliac spine

Obturator foramen

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Greater sciatic notch

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

Pecten pubis

Symphysial surface

inferior ramus of pubis Ramus of ischium

body of

ischium

Superior ramus of pubis

Pubic tubercle

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（二） The bone s of free lower limb1 、 Femur

Femoral head

Neck of femur

Linea aspera

Gluteal uberosity

Medial condyleLateral condyle

Intercondlar fossa

lesser trochanter

Geater trochanter

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2 、 Patella is a sesamoid bone, embeded in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.

关节面

Base of patella

Apex of patella

Articular surface

Anterior surface

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3 、 The bones of leg ：（ 1 ） Tibia（ 2 ） Fibula 。

Fibular head

Neck of fibula

Lateral malleolus

Lateral condyle

Medial condyle

Intercondylar eminence

Tibial tuberosity

Medial malleolus

Shaft of tibiaShaft of fibula

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4 、 bones of foot

calcaneus talus

Navicular bone

Cuneiform bones

Metatarsal bone

Phalanges of toes

Cuboid bone

Tarsal bones.

Metatarsal B.

Phalanges of Toes

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2 、 The bones of forearm

（ 2 ） Ulna

Head of radius

Styloid process ofradius

Radial tuberosity

Styloid process of ulna

（ 1 ） Radius

Head of ulna

neck of

radius

Trochlear notch

Olecranon

coronoid process