1 owp112010 wcdma radio network coverage dimensioning issue1.22
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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA RadioNetwork Coverage
Planning
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Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the contents and process of radio network planning
Understand uplink budget and related parameters
Understand downlink budget and related parameters
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Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
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Capacity, Coverage, Quality
Capacity & Coverage
Users Cell Load Interference
Level Cell Coverage
Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity
Capacity & Quality
Users Cell Load Interference
Level Quality
Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity
Coverage & Quality
Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage
Capacity
Quality Coverage
COST
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step1 : Radio network dimensioning
Radio network dimensioning includes coverage
dimensioning and capacity dimensioning
Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to
input requirements when the coverage and capacity are
balanced
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Input & output of radio network dimensioning
Capacity Related-Spectrum Available
-Subscriber GrowthForecast-Traffic Density
Coverage Related-Coverage Region
-Area Type Information
-Propagation Condition
QoS Related-Blocking Probability
-Indoor Coverage
Input
Number of NodeB
Carrier configuration
CE configuration
Iub configuration
-Coverage Probability
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site Selection
Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to
determine:
Theoretical location of sites
Implementation parameters
Cell parameters
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Based on RND result, sites location, implementation
parameters and cell parameters, we should predict coverage
results such as best serving cell, pilot strength, overlapping
zone
We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB
number, NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after
analyzing the coverage prediction results
Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters that
should satisfy coverage requirement
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction
Coverage by transm it ter :
Display the best server
coverage
Coverage by sig nal level:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
Over lapping zones:
Display the signal level
across the studied area
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey
We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location
is not available
Based on experience , backup site location is selected insearch ring scope , search ring =1/4R
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user
distributions (snapshots)
By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection statusand rejected reason for each mobile
The example of Monte Carlo simulation:
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
The following takes coverage probability for an example to
further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed
100% 100%20% 60%
0% 75% 40%60%
Simulation
result
1st snapshot
3rd snapshot
2nd snapshot
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation
Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)
Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by
incremental operation
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WCDMA Radio Network Planning
Process
Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation
Measure and analyze results of multiple snapshots to have a
overall understanding of network performance
Handover Status:
Display areas depending on the
probe mobile handover status
Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):
Displays the pilot quality across
the certain area
Pilot Pol lut ion:
Displays pilot pollution statistics
across the certain area
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Contents
1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
2. R99 Coverage Planning
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Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
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Process of R99 Coverage Planning Goal of R99 coverage planning
Obtain the cell radius
Estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage requirement
Start
Link Budget
Cell Radius
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB Number
End
Propagation model
Path Loss
R
R2
3*8
9RArea
23*23 RArea
areacoverageNodeB
areacoverageTotal
numberNodeB
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Propagation model
Propagation model is used for predicting the medium value of path loss.
The formula can be simplified under if the heights of UE and base station
are given
where: is the distance between UE and base station, and is the
frequency
Propagation environment affect the model, and the main factors are :
Natural terrain, such as mountain, hill, plain, water land, etc;
Man-made building (height, distribution and material);
Vegetation;
Weather;
External noise
Page19
),( fdfPathLoss
d f
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Cost 231-Hata Propagation Model
L : average prop agat ion loss
F:f requency
H:BTS height
C:correct ion factor
R:cel l radiu s
L =46.3 + 33.9 log (F) - 13.82 log (H)+(44.9 - 6.55 log (H))log (R) -C
Path Lo ss Equat ion
Abbreviat ion
C=4.78 (lo g (F))2+ 18.33 log (F) + 40.94
C=2 (log (F/28))
2
+ 5.4C=0.09 log (F) - 1.85
C=0.09 log (F) + 1.15
Rural
Suburban Urban
Metropol i tan
Environment Correct ion Factor
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Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
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Uplink Budget Principle
Cable Loss
Antenna Gain
NodeBSensitivity
PenetrationLoss
UE Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fastfading
SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
Maximum
Allowed path loss
UPLINK BUDGET
Antenna Gain
NodeB reception sensitivity
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
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Element of Uplink Budget
1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )
The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power class
of the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP standard
The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally
considered due to their popularity in the market
Grade of UE powerTS 25.101 )
Power Class Nominal maximum output power Tolerance
1 +33dBm +1/-3dB
2 +27dBm +1/-3dB
3 +24dBm +1/-3dB
4 +21dBm +2/-2dB
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Element of Uplink Budget
2. Body Loss ( dB )
For voice, the body loss is 3 dB
For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB
3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )
In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi
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Element of Uplink Budget
4. Penetration Loss ( dB )
Indoor penetration loss means the difference between the
average signal strength outside the building and the average
signal strength of first floor of the building
In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells provide
an effective solution for achieving a high degree of indoor
penetration
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Element of Uplink Budget
5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )
6. Cable loss ( dB )
- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna
- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna
- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna
Sector Type Gain of Antenna (dBi)
Omni 11
2 Sector 18
3 Sector 18
6 Sector 20
CableLoss
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Element of Uplink Budget
Path Loss and Fading
Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance
Long term (slow) fading- caused by shadowing
Short term (fast) fading- caused by multi-path propagation
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Element of Uplink Budget
7. Slow Fading Margin
Slow Fading Margindepends on
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge
The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required
Standard Deviation of Slow Fading
The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required
Received Signal Level [dBm]
ProbabilityDensity
Fthreshold
Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:
P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]
SFM required
Without SFM
With SFM
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Element of Uplink Budget
8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading
SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case
SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability
SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO
SHO Gain Against SFM
0
1
2
34
5
6
7
98% 95% 92% 90% 85%Standard deviation=11.7
Path loss slope=3.52 Area coverage probability
(dB)
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Element of Uplink Budget
9. Fast Fading Margin
Fast fading margin
required to guarantee fast power control
the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER
requirement
Uplink case: UE moves
towards the edge of the cell
Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC
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Element of Uplink Budget
10.SHO Gain against Fast fading
SHO gain against fast fadingreduces the Eb/No requirement
SHO gain against fast fadingleads to a gain for reception
sensitivity
SHO gain against fast fadingexists for both uplink and
downlink (Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is 1.5dB)
SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO
Eb/No with SHO
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Element of Uplink Budget
11. Interference Margin in Uplink
Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise
Higher cell load leads to heavier interference
Interference margin affects cell coverage
dBLogNoiseRiseUL
11010
UL Load
Noise
Rise(dB) Interference Curve in Uplink 50% UL Load 3dB
60% UL Load 4dB
75% UL Load 6dB
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Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
Nth: Thermal Noise
NF: Noise Figure
Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality
PG: Processing Gain
PGNENFNsitivityceptionSen bth 0/Re
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Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
Nth: Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by
environment and equals to:
KBoltzmann constant, 1.3810-23J/K
TTemperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K
WSignal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz
Nth = -108dBm/3.84MHz
)**log(10WTKN
th
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Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
NF: Noise Figure :
For Huawei NodeB, latest NFis 1.6dB
For commercial UE, typicalNF
is 7dB.
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Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
PG: Processing Gain :
Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate, and the
detail formula is present below:
)ratebit
ratechiplog(10GainocessPr
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Element of Uplink Budget
12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity
Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to
maintain service quality
Eb/No is obtained from link simulation
Eb/No is related to following factors
Service type
Multi-path channel model
User speed The target BLER
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Contents
2. R99 Coverage Planning
2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning
2.2 R99 Uplink Budget
2.3 R99 Downlink Budget
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Downlink Budget Principle
CableLoss
Antenna Gain
UESensitivity
PenetrationLoss
NodeB Transmit Power
UE Antenna Gain
NodeB Antenna Gain
SHO Gain against fastfading
SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin
Fast fading margin
Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
Penetration Loss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
Maximum
allowed path loss
UE reception sensitivity
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Margin
Loss
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Element of Downlink Budget
Interference Margin in Downlink
Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the interference
ratio of other cell to own cell
Interference margin is equal to noise rise
N
DLMax
N
otherownN
N
total
P
CLPfNo
P
IIP
P
INoiseRise
/
Interference Margin
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
120 125 130 135 140 145 150
IM(dB)
CL(dB)
=0.6, = 1.78,
PMax=20W,
f
9.0DL
Case Study : R99 Uplink Budget
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Case Study : R99 Uplink BudgetComment
Factors Scenario Dense urban
Continuous coverage service CS64
Sector type 3 sector
Enviorment outdoor
TMA used FALSEChannel mode TU3
Max.TCH transmit power 21.00 a
Cable loss Tx (dB) 0.00 b
Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c
Antenna gain Tx (dB) 0.00 d
EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 21.00 e=a-b-d+d
Antenna gain Rx (dB) 18.00 fCable loss Rx (dB) 3.34 g
Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h
Noise figure (dB) 4.94 i=g+1.6
Required Eb/No (dB) 2.80 j
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -118.20 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)
Actual load (%) 0.50 l
Interference margin (dB) 3.01 m=-10log(1-l)
SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n
Fast fading margin (dB) 3.60 oMin.signal reception strength (dBm) -128.09 p=k-f+m+n+o
Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q
Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r
Area coverage probability 0.95 s
Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t
Path loss (dB) 142.52 u=e-p-q-t
Uplink link budget
Case Study : R99 Downlink Budget
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Case Study : R99 Downlink BudgetComment
Factors Scenario Dense urban
Continuous coverage service CS64
Sector type 3 sector
Enviorment outdoor
TMA used FALSEChannel mode TU3
Max.TCH transmit power 36.00 a
Cable loss Tx (dB) 3.34 b
Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c
Antenna gain Tx (dB) 18.00 d
EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 50.66 e=a-b-d+d
Antenna gain Rx (dB) 0.00 fCable loss Rx (dB) 0.00 g
Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h
Noise figure (dB) 7.00 i=g+1.6
Required Eb/No (dB) 6.30 j
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -112.64 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)
Actual load (%) 0.75 l
Interference margin (dB) 4.58 m=-10log(1-l)
SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n
Fast fading margin (dB) 1.70 oMin.signal reception strength (dBm) -104.86 p=k-f+m+n+o
Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q
Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r
Area coverage probability 0.95 s
Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t
Path loss (dB) 148.95 u=e-p-q-t
Downlink link budget
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