1 machinery and vehicular safety. 2 landscaping related activities excavating, grading, and site...

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Machinery and Vehicular Safety

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Landscaping Related Activities

• Excavating, grading, and site preparation

• Transporting stone, sand, and mulch

• Mowing and cutting

• Loading, transporting, and unloading

• Wood chipping and shredding

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Hazardous Conditions and Unsafe Acts

• Not inspecting, operating, and maintaining machinery according to the manufacturer

• Operating defective machinery• Not reading and following all warning labels• Untrained or unauthorized operation• Taking unnecessary risks• Not taking proper vehicular traffic precautions • Operating too close to underground and

overhead utilities.

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Potential outcomes

• Crushed or struck-by machinery

• Caught in moving parts

• Amputations

• Struck-by flying debris or striking the public with flying debris

• Struck-by motor vehicles during loading and unloading activities

• Fires, explosions, and electrocution

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Unsafe Work Practices can be Deadly.

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WV FACE Fatal Fact

• A worker was trimming trees and dumping brush over a steep bank.

• He was not wearing his seat belt.

• The drop-off had no barricade or stop log.

• He accidentally rolled over the bank’s edge.

• He was crushed by his tractor.

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Preventing Machine Hazards

• There are thousands of machine-related injuries each year.

• Proper training can prevent these injuries.

• Workers should know how to operate a piece of machinery and inspect for problem areas before turning on the power.

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Preoperational Considerations

• Have you reviewed the owner's manual?

• Are the Warning decals in place?

• Are the machine guards properly placed and in good condition?

• Are air and hydraulic lines in good condition and not leaking?

• Is the setup a proper setup?

• Is the work zone free from hazards?

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Personal Protection

• Wear personal protective equipment, such as goggles, safety shoes and leather gloves.

• Long hair should be tucked under to avoid getting caught in machinery.

• Avoid wearing jewelry.

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Machine Maintenance Safety

• Keep machines repaired, lubricated, and adjusted.

• Clearly mark control switches and valves that control machines.

• Check machines for emergency stop switches

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While Operating Machines

• Stay away from moving parts.

• Turn power off and remove key before working around or performing maintenance on the machine.

• Use appropriate lockout and tagout procedures to prevent equipment from being re-energized while work is being performed on or around it.

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No Riders on Equipment

• Most equipment does not have an extra seat, but some workers allow riders.

• Any rider for any reason is a safety hazard.

• Most importantly a rider could:– Fall from the equipment.– Be run over. – Become entangled in equipment. – Be killed.

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Riding and Walk Behind Mowers

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Hazards of Mowers

• A power lawn mower can result in serious injuries.

• The blade travels at 100 to 200 miles per hour.

• This landscaper’s life will never be the same.

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Hazards of Mowers

• Objects can be thrown from the mower at very high rates of speed.

• Before mowing remove debris from lawn.

• Keep all guards and safety shields in place.

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General Power Mower Safety

• Begin by reading the operator’s manual. • Wear protective, close-fitting clothing. • Use hearing protection if indicated by the

operator’s manual. • Take mowers out of gear before starting.• Read all warning labels.• Obey the warning labels!

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Leave Safety Devices Alone!

• Never disengage or bypass any safety guard or interlock switch.

• This mower now has the ability to amputate and throw objects at deadly speeds.

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Prevent Dangerous Fires!

• Never fill the gasoline tank if the engine is running.

• Store gasoline in an approved, properly labeled container.

• Never store gasoline or any other material in a food container.

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Store Fuel Properly!

Danger

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General Power Mower Safety

• Disconnect the spark plug before repairing mower.

• Turn off motor before removing a foreign object.

• Provide routine maintenance. • Warn humans and pets to stay away from

operating mowers.

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Riding Mower Precautions

• Turn off the mower before getting off.

• When mowing on a slope with a riding mower, you should mow down the slope.

• Be aware of power take offs.

• Wear a seat belt all of the time when the mower is equipped with ROPS.

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Make Seatbelts a Habit!

• This landscaper isn’t taking any chances.

• Using the belt will ensure he remains within the safety zone provided by the roll over protective structure.

• Seatbelts should be used 100% of the time.

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Walk Behind Mower Precautions

• Start push mowers from a firm stance with feet in a safe position.

• When mowing on a slope with a push mower, you should mow across the slope.

• In the event of a fall, push the mower away from the body.

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This Worker Had a Close Call

• Anything with rotating blades can do damage to your body.

• Keep all parts of your body away from lawnmower blades.

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Dress for the Task at Hand

• Sturdy shoes are a must; steel-toed work boots are advised.

• Long pants and long sleeve shirts protect from flying debris, grass clippings, and sun.

• Safety glasses or goggles, especially when mowing near solid objects like gravel driveways.

• Hearing protection may be necessary.

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Wear the right shoes!

• A poor choice of foot wear.

• Steel toed boots with lugged soles should be worn.

• The steel toe will help protect your feet.

• The lugged soles will help prevent slipping.

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Additional Information

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/EquipCutES.pdf• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/NoRidersES.pdf• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/PowerLwnES.pdf• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RotLwnBrES.pdf• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SmallEngES.pdf• OSH Answers: Riding Lawn Mowers• http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/ageng2/MF2

708.pdf

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TRACTORS and ATTACHMENTS

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Tractor Hazards

• A tractor is a useful piece of equipment to landscapers, but misuse can be deadly.

• A tractor can overturn often crushing the operator.

• Operators can be entangled in PTO shafts and other rotating parts.

• People can be struck-by flying objects when using pull behind rotary mower attachments.

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Preventing Overturns

• Safe work practices are necessary.

• Most overturns occur to the side.

• Select a low gear and match speed to conditions and loads.

• If a front-end loader is mounted, keep it as low as possible.

• Always remember, If you are uncomfortable on the slope, it’s too steep.

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Preventing Overturns

• Rear overturns pose a threat as well.

• It may be possible to back up slopes or drive forward down slopes that are too steep to traverse.

• Shift to the lowest gear that will be needed before climbing the slope - don’t change gears on the slope.

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Preventing Overturns

• Look your work area over for ditches, drop-offs and stream banks.

• Consider marking or barricading bank edges storage areas, and other frequently traveled work zones.

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Rollover Protective Structure

• A rollover protective structure (ROPS) will offer significant protection.

• These roll-bars are designed to withstand the dynamic forces during a rollover.

• Using the seat belt is necessary to ensure that you remain within the “zone of protection” provided by the ROPS.

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Tractor Attachments

• Knowing the capabilities of the tractor allows for the use of the right attachment for the job.

• The operator’s manual will help determine if the attachment is designed for the job.

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Additional Information

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SafTrcSPES.pdf

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/SafStartES.pdf

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RollROPSES.pdf

• OSH Answers: Tractors

• NIOSH FACE Program: Colorado Case Report 95CO094 | CDC/NIOSH

• http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/ageng2/MF2708.pdf

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Heavy Equipment

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Heavy Equipment Dangers

• Run-over or struck-by equipment • Caught between solid objects and moving equipment• Caught between moving parts or elevated components

and the ground• Falling from machines or overturning equipment• Contacting overhead or underground utilities• Amputation due to cutting action• Entanglement in moving parts• Struck-by flying debris and rocks• Leading to injury or death

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Causes of Equipment Accidents

• Improper set-up and/or use of equipment

• Not following manufacturers instructions and warning labels

• Defective equipment

• Unsafe work practices

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Dump Body Accident

• Driver freeing stuck cable without strong positive means of dump body support.

• Cable is freed• Dump body drops• Driver is crushed• This driver died !

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Heavy Equipment Safety • Inspected, operated and maintained

according to the manufacturer.

• Operated by designated employees.

• Operated so no hazards are created for other workers.

• Practice safe excavation techniques.

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Additional Information

• NIOSH FACE Program: Massachusetts Case Report 96MA016 | CDC/NIOSH

• NIOSH FACE Program: Minnesota Case Report 92MN009 | CDC/NIOSH

• NIOSH FACE Program: New Jersey Case Report 02NJ025 | CDC/NIOSH

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Excavation Safety Facts• Each year as many as 400 workers die and

another 4000 are injured from cave-ins.

• Most deaths are in trenches 5-14 ft deep.

• Cave-ins cause deaths by; Suffocation, Crushing, Loss of Circulation and Falling Objects.

• One cubic foot of soil can weigh up to 140lbs

• One cubic yard can weigh 3000 lbs.

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Excavation Hazards

• Cave-ins (the greatest hazard)

• Fires, Explosions, Electrocutions and Engulfments due to utility hits

• Struck by falling objects

• Falls into excavation

• Equipment rollovers

• Hazardous atmospheres

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Injury and Death

• Excavating is one of the most hazardous construction operations

• Most accidents occur in trenches 5-15 feet deep

• There is usually no warning before a cave-in

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Excavation Safety

• Never enter a vertical sided trench unless it is less then 5 feet deep and determined to be safe.

• Never enter a trench deeper then 5 feet unless a protective system is used.

• Sloping, shoring, and shielding are examples of protective systems.

• Sloping may be the easiest for landscapers.

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Excavation Safety-sloping

• This is the acceptable slope for any kind of soil.• Excavations should be sloped as close as

possible to this configuration.

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Excavation Safety

• Make sure a ladder is within 25 feet of your work zone when deeper then 4 feet.

• Make sure excavated dirt and rocks are kept back at least 2 feet from the edge.

• Take precautions to ensure tools, materials, and equipment won’t roll or fall in.

• Test the air in areas suspect to atmospheric hazards.

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Excavation Safety

• Work defensively, keep track of overhead hazards which could fall in on you.

• Never work under suspended loads.

• Never work under equipment or equipment components.

• Stay out of the equipment’s swing radius and blind spots.

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Additional Information

• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/trench_excavation_fs.pdf

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/TrenchExES.pdf

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Defensive Machine Operation

• Practice defensive operation at all times. This means that you must understand:– The machine’s capacity and stability

limitations– Operating techniques and procedures– The task at hand– That using good judgment and professional

skill is always needed – The manufacturer’s recommended operator

safety instructions and warning labels!

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Read and Follow all Warnings

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Defensive Machine Operation

• Before leaving a machine, operator must secure it by setting parking brake, placing transmission in park, placing each moving part to the ground, and discharging stored energy.

• Equipment must be operated so no hazards are created for other workers

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Inspections are Important

• Should be done at the beginning of each day.

• Report problems to your supervisor.

• Defects that affect safe operation must be corrected.

• Defective machines can kill !

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What Do You Inspect ?

• Manufacturers will have pre-start inspection lists.

• Start at the same point each time and work your way around.

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Operate Equipment According to the Manufacturer

• Following the manufacturer’s instructions is important.

• OSHA requires it !• A copy must be kept

with the equipment.

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Protective Structures for Operators

• Protective structures are cabs, FOPS, and ROPS.

• Most equipment has one of the above systems.

• Protects operators from rollovers and falling objects.

• Must be used with the seat belt!

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Required Seatbelt Use • ROPS, FOPS or

overhead guards means you must wear your seat belt.

• Each year many workers are killed by rollovers without belt use.

• There’s no time to jump or hang on !

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Additional Information

• http://www.cete.org/Trainer/RollROPSES.pdf

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Visibility and Safety

• All vehicle and machine glass must be kept clean.

• Free from scratches.• Broken, missing or

cracked glass must be replaced.

• Visibility and safety go hand in hand !

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Fire Prevention

• Each piece of equipment must have its own extinguisher.

• Each extinguisher must be fully charged.

• Extinguishers should be inspected at the beginning of each shift.

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Ground Crew Safety

• Never place yourself in the direct path of moving equipment or equipment that may move unintentionally.

• Realize that equipment has blind spots.

• Work defensively around equipment.

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Ground Crew Safety

• Approach equipment only after making eye contact and signaling the operator, wait for their approval.

• Never place yourself within the swing radius or path of moving components. (especially under)

• Never stand directly between wheels or on tracks when talking to the operator.

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Make sure they know you are there before approaching an operator.

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A very dangerous place to be.

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This worker is taking no chances.

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Worker in dangerous blind spot

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Moving parts and flying debris

• Factory guards in place at all times.

• Guards must protect worker from moving parts.

• Guards must protect the worker from flying debris.

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Most importantly, working safely around heavy equipment requires good judgment.

Don’t takes risks like this worker is doing.

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Chocking and Blocking

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Equipment Shifting Dangers

• Serious injuries can happen when a vehicle or piece of equipment moves while it is being worked on.

• Chocking and blocking prevent movement and prevent injuries.

• Chocking the vehicle or equipment keeps it from rolling forward or backward.

• Blocking the vehicle or equipment keeps it from falling on workers under it.

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Chocking

• When unhooking towed equipment, make sure the tires on the equipment have been chocked.

• Do not rely on the equipment’s brakes.

• The rear-most axle should be the one that is chocked.

• Tires may need to be chocked in both the front and the rear on some equipment.

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Blocking

• When working on equipment, never rely only on jacks or hoists to support the equipment.

• The equipment should be blocked.

• Use jacks or hoists only to raise the equipment.

• Jack-stands are considered blocking.

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Loading and Unloading of Equipment

• Loading and unloading equipment safely takes an effort.

• Many workers have been killed before the job starts.

• What are the hazards?

• What can we do?

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Equipment Unloading Accident

• Operator unloading dozer without wearing a seat belt

• Dozer begins to slide off trailer

• Operator tries to jump

• Operator is crushed by dozer !

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This is NOT How You Should Transport a Riding Mower!

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TRAFFIC CONTROL

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Traffic control

• This single cone is not enough traffic control.

• Barricades should be erected to detour the passage vehicles from hazardous areas.

• If there are questions about which signs should be used, refer to the State Traffic Control Manual for guidance.

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Traffic Control

• Flag persons should be properly dressed – Bright orange, yellow, or yellow green vest

(reflective at night)– Hard hat– Flag (18” X 18”) or STOP / SLOW sign– Always stand on the berm next to the traffic you

are controlling or in the barricaded lane.

– UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES stand in the lane being used by traffic.

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Most Importantly, working near traffic requires approved high-

visibility clothing.

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Additional Information

• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf

• http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/work_zone_safety.pdf