1 exploring high level cnls for logistics david mott ets, ibm v1

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Exploring high level CNLs for logistics

David Mott

ETS, IBM

v1

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Evolving Design – in visualisation prototype

What do the yellow

areas mean?

How do I represent this in a CNL?

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Basic Domain Concepts

this defines syntax of

“fires”

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• Want to say:

the AS90 uses the NATO_L15 for the bombardment at a rate of 2 .

the AS90-39 uses the long range ERA for the bombardment at a rate of 1 .

• But this is not basic CE, it is a high level CNL• Also might want to record the “Table” as OWL entities:

How much resource is required?

User Type Resource Type Task Type Rate (N per hour)

AS90 NATO_L15 bombardment 2

AS90-3 long range ERA bombardment 1

“Uses” is really a table of resource usage rate?

syntax of “uses”

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What do I mean by “higher level” CNL?

• Higher levels add:– new function words, “to”, “for”,– new (domain specific) logic words, “cannot be used for”, “after”– new domain specific (or metaphor specific?) abstractions of entities “killer app”

she run to tree and climb it

girl run. reach tree. climb.there is an act named 'CANT USE' that has the armoured unit A1 as object and has the resource request R1 as recipient object

the armoured unit A1 cannot be used for the resource request R1

comprehensibility, elegance, succinctness, specialist

verbose, awkwardness, generic

LOW

HIGH

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Approach• Build a transformation language,

defining how high level is turned into low level CE

• This language uses linguistic terms, eg (~~nounP)

• There must be a corresponding logical transformation

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Option A. Transform high level CNL into CE entities

• Results in basic CE:

the resource usage ru1 has the type AS90 as user type and has the type NATO_L15 as resource type and has the type bombardment as task type and has the constant 2 as rate .

like a “table row”

linguistic transformation

rule

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Use a generic CE rule to calculate the quantity needed by a resource request

resulting quantity for

the resource request

resource request and

its components

resource usage table, giving rate

match to the correct row

calculate the qty from the task duration

Note the “META”

attribute for type

Would be easier visualised as a graph

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Option B) Transform the table directly into implications

• The high level CNL:the AS90 uses the NATO_L15 for the bombardment at a rate of 2 .

• Results in:

if ( the resource request RR is required by the bombardment T ) and ( the bombardment T has the AS90 A as executor ) and ( the resource request RR requires the NATO_L15 R )

and ( the bombardment T has the value D as duration ) and ( the value Q = the value D * the value 2 )

then ( the resource request RR has the value Q as quantity ) .

resulting quantity for the request

request and its

components

calculate the qty from the task duration

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The Linguistic Transformation Rule

•Specific rule, one rule per row in the table•Simpler but has no explicit table entities

•This is an AXIOM SCHEMA

Template for an implication (transformation rule) +

a set of parameters (high level CNL instance ) generates

An instantiated implication (basic CE)

This is a way of getting round the limitations of First Order Predicate Logic

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Comparison of Options

• Option A – transform high level CNL into table row entities– only need one generic rule to calc resource requirement– need extra meta-machinery to represent types in the transform

rule (this is where the “meta miracle” occurs)

• Option B– transform high level CNL into specific rules to calc resource

requirement– no explicit representation of table row– many rules created– no need for meta-machinery– equivalent to axiom schema (this is where the “meta miracle”

occurs)

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Where is the Logical Underpinning?

• I am creating logical implications, which have a logical meaning

• Option B uses axiom schema

• Option A uses “meta miracle” at the linguistic level, this needs logically underpinning