1 ec assistance to somalia urban development programme for somalia in support of decentralisation...

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EC Assistance to SomaliaEC Assistance to Somalia

Urban Development ProgrammeUrban Development Programme for Somaliafor Somalia

In support of decentralisation and towards achieving the In support of decentralisation and towards achieving the MDGsMDGs

ECEC Somalia Operations, January 2005Somalia Operations, January 2005

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POLITICAL CONTEXTPOLITICAL CONTEXT

No recognised government for 14 years. Divided in – emerging local and federal structures.

Clan dimensions Decentralisation

• History of highly centralised dictatorship.

• New Transitional Federal Institutions in late 2004.

• Constitutions of Puntland and Somaliland – decentralised in principle but not fully in practice.

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SOCIAL CONTEXT SOCIAL CONTEXT

Somali Wealth Map Dense = poor

Light = wealth

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G E D O

• Estimated population of 6.8 million (2/3 under 10 years)

• Over 40% live on less than 1 $/day• Large Diaspora (brain drain)

• Important Refugee / IDP populations

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Social context …contSocial context …cont

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November, 2004

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Humanitarian Emergency (level 1)

Alert

Livelihood Crisis

Humanitarian Emergency (level 2)

Non-Alert, with chronic vulnerability

VULNERABLE GROUPS

SOMALIA: POST GU 2004 CRITICAL AREAS

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Areas with IDPs

Food Security Analysis Unit - SomaliaP.O. Box 1230 Vil lage Market, Nairobi, Kenya Email: fsauinfo@fsau.or.ke tel: 254-20-3745734 fax:254-20-3740598

FSAU is managed by FAO, funded by EC and USAID-Somalia FSAU Partners are FEWS, WFP, FAO, UNOCHA SCF-UK, UNICEF, CARE, UNDPThe boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional &

District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in 1986.

Higher than usual malnutrition rates

Number of IDPs 400,000(250,000 in Mogadishu)

Deteriorating humanitarian and livelihood emergency in several areas (north, central and south)

• food access problems• civil insecurity• low purchasing power

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Urban contextUrban context

Rapid expansion of cities• Economic migration / devastation of rural economies

• Insecurity, creation of large urban IDP camps.

Expansion has happened in an unplanned manner, with limited governance. Basic statistics:

• 35% Urban – Few large cities Mogadishu 1 m+, Hargeisa 0.5

• 19.2% Adult literacy (34.9% Urban)

• 14.3% of urban households headed by women

• 7.5% of deaths in urban areas due to war 2% rural

• 40% urban dwellings in of a non permanent nature

• 38% economically active in urban areas 60% rural

• 25-30% urban income originates from remittances.

• 16.9 % enrolled in primary schools.

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Urban contextUrban context

Poverty Estimated household income

Income UrbanRural and nomadic

Somalia

Total household income ($ million)

672.4 875.2 1,536.5

Per capita household income ($)

291 195 226

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Challenges for Urban sector in SomaliaChallenges for Urban sector in Somalia

Hierarchical process based on past interventions to ensure coherent approach to address the following problems:

Rapid urban growth Serious lack of structures to

guide and manage development

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Relevance of MDGs to Relevance of MDGs to Urban developmentUrban development

In decentralised governance structures, municipalities have a key role in delivery of social services.

Gender empowerment – Specific training HIV/AIDS – Training and co-ordination with specialist

agencies and municipalities. Environmental protection – special focus on sanitation. Drinking water – strong interlink with UNICEF Reduction of slum dwellings – focus on IDPs and improved

security. Good governance – central pillar of programme. Productive work for youths – Local Economic Development

(ILO)

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AID CONTEXTAID CONTEXT

1992 Council of Ministers authorised the Chief Authorising Officer (EC) ‘on behalf of the Somali people’ to act as NAO.

Cotonou Partnership Agreement Decision 3/2001 of the ACP-EC Council of Ministers December 2001, gives access to Somalia for EDF funding.

Strategy for the Implementation of Special Aid to Somalia (SISAS) – developed by EC

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A Dual Long Term ObjectiveA Dual Long Term Objective

To reduce poverty To promote a more peaceful,

equitable and democratic society

SISAS - objectives

Intervention Objective

To support the sustainable improvement of the livelihood of the Somali people by enhancing food security and economic

growth and improve access to basic public and social services as well as the establishment of good governance.

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SISAS: Sectoral focuses

Focal Sectors:• Good governance,

reconciliation and peace building.

• Social Services (education, health and water).

• Food Security.

Non Focal Sector: * Private Sector development

(including economic infrastructures)

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SISAS Focal sector 1: good governance; reconciliation and peace building

Support administrative structures in applying principles of good governance;

Support contribution of civil society to the enhancement of good governance;

Contribute to reconciliation and peace building.

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AID IMPLEMENTATIONAID IMPLEMENTATION

No direct funding through Somali counterparts – in the absence of legal framework.

Implementation of aid through grants – INGOs and UN Agencies.

Calls for Proposals as a modality to award grants.

Tenders of FWC for service assignments

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EU Support EU Support to Urban Development to Urban Development

in Somaliain Somalia

Sectoral interventions in urban areas (EDF and budget lines)

Integrated projects in Berbera and Bossaso (Italian co-financed).

EC Consultative Guidelines for Sustainable Urban Development Co-Operation – Towards Sustainable Urban Development: A Strategic Approach (2000)

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Somalia Urban Sector Profile Study (UN-HABITAT) – 2 main pillars identified:

1. Improvement of urban governance – programme in training in good local governance and leadership (UN-HABITAT).

2. Improvement of urban management – production of a strategy and programme for urban development found in: An Urban Development Strategy for the EC

in Somalia (Sept 2002) An Urban Development Programme for the

EC in Somalia (Oct 2003)

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Present interventionsPresent interventions

Call for Proposals issued in mid 2004 – grant awarded to UN-HABITAT led consortium (Dec 04).Strong partnership:

INGOs (UNA / NOVIB) focus on civil societyUN Organisations: UNDP, UNICEF (Water) and

ILO.

Total Programme €6 million (18% funded by UNDP.

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Objectives and Priorities Objectives and Priorities

Objective:Improve the quality of life of all citizens in towns and cities (over 10.000 people) in Somalia.

Purpose: Improve management and planning of towns and cities in Somalia

Expected results:Improved living conditionsImproved security, health and welfareImproved water supply and sanitation systemsImproved conditions of streets and the physical environment

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Thematic focusesThematic focuses

Interlinks with municipalities (potential associations)

Information sharingCommon advocacyCommon policy developmentEffective use of resources. Interlink with Cotonou agreement

Relevant central / Federal governance structures

Support to legislative development and implementationFinancial control and oversight.Skills developmentPolicy formulation.

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Integrated City ProgrammesCross cutting thematic focus related to urban governance e.g: Financial control, governance .etc.

Expenditure / financial controlBudgetingRevenue collection, control and accountingRelations with central / federal governance structures

Thematic focusesThematic focuses

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Construction of the New Market

Thematic focusesThematic focuses

Land Property registration Town planning

City governance City constitutions Administrative staff Councils and executives –

accountability and participation. Civil society Private sector etc.

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Thematic focuses … contThematic focuses … cont

Local Economic Development Employment / income generation

Urban Upgrading Focus on IDPs, Migrants and Returnees Improve basic transport infrastructure.

Social Services Policy development / framework with central admin. Regulation of private sector Vocational training suited to local economy / LED Focus on informal training Preventive health.

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Time framesTime frames

Duration: 36 months Inception phase: 4 months

Community dialogue, administration and detailed planning.

Local project preparations and joint development of activities: up to total of 10.

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Many thanksMany thanks

EC Delegation Website: http://www.delken.cec.eu.int

Europe Aid internet site: http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/cgi/frame12.pl

Apology from Eric Beaume and Somali government.