1. developing a medium: the collaborative process...
Post on 27-Feb-2020
3 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
4
1 Developing a Medium The Collaborative Process in Stephen Gossrsquos Oxen of the Sun (2003ndash4)
Iemsp AemspSoloemspforemspSix-stringemspGuitaremspandemspTen-stringemspGuitar
Ten versus Six
WhenemspNarcisoemspYepesemsplaunchedemsphisemspnewemspten-stringemspguitaremspinemspaemspperformanceemspwithemsptheemspBerlinemspPhil-harmonicemsp inemsp 1964emsp itemsp wasemsp afteremsp aemsp periodemsp ofemsp consultationemsp thatemsp involvedemsp notemsp onlyemsp theemsp celebratedemspmakeremspRamiacuterezemspbutemspcomposersemspasemspwellemspevenemspbeforeemsptheemspBerlinemsppremiereemspMauriceemspOhanaemsphademspcomposedemspaemsphalf-houremspcycleemspforemspYepesrsquosemspten-stringemspguitaremsp(Si le jour paraicircthellipemsp1963)emspthatemspplumbedemspitsemsppossibilitiesemspwithemspextraordinaryemspthoroughnessemspandemspconfidenceemspForemspYepesemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwasemspaemspstraightforwardemspimprovementemsptoemsptheemsptraditionalemspinstrumentemspItemspisemspobviousemspfromemspitsemsptuningemsp(example 1)emspthatemspheemspwasemspnotemspconcernedemspprimarilyemspwithemspextendingemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspbassemspregisteremsptheemspso-calledemsplsquore-entrantrsquoemspstringsemsp8emsptoemsp10emspfollowemsptheemspleademspofemspmanyemspoldemspstringedemspinstrumentsemspbyemspjumpingemsptoemsptheemspoctaveemspaboveemspasemspsoonemspasemspitemspbecomesemspdifficultemsptoemspproduceemspstringsemspofemspsufficientemspqualityemspandemspfocusemspofemspsoundemspRatheremsphisemspprincipalemspconcernemspwasemspresonance
WhenemspIemspdecidedemsptoemspuseemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsphellipemspmyemspreasonsemspwereemsppurelyemspmusicalemspandemsptheemspfirstemspofemspthememspwasemspthatemsptheemspguitaremspwasemspnotemspproperlyemspbalancedemspThereemspwasemspnoemspequilibriumemspbecauseemspofemsptheemsptwelveemspnotesemspofemsptheemspscaleemsponlyemspfouremsp-emspEemspAemspBemspDemsp-emsphademspanyemspresonanceemspIfemspyouemspplayemsponeemspofemspthoseemspnotesemspandemspthenemspstopemsptheemspstringemspwithemspyouremspfingeremspyouemspwillemsphearemsptheemspsoundemsplingeringemspButemspifemspyouemspplayemsponeemspofemsptheemspotheremspeightemspnotesemspofemsptheemspscaleemsptheemspsoundemspdiesemspimmediatelyemspOnemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspIemsphaveemspresonanceemsponemspallemsptwelveemspnotesemsp(NarcisoemspYepesemspinemspKozinnemsp1981)
emspYepesemspisemspcertainlyemsprightemspinemspascribingemspaemspfaremspgreateremspevennessemspofemspsympatheticemspresonanceemsptoemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspandemspalongemspwithemspaemsplimitedemspnumberemspofemspnewemspworksemspandemsptranscriptionsemspheemspcontinuedemsptoemspplayemspsix-stringemspguitaremspmusicemsponemsphisemspexpandedemspinstrumentemspnotemspnecessarilyemspseekingemsptoemspplayemsptheemspextraemspstringsemspbutemsprelyingemsponemspthememspforemspresonance
Iemspcameemsptoemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspprincipallyemspforemspitsemsprepertoireemspattractedemspasemspIemspwasemspbyemspOhanarsquosemsplarge-scaleemspcyclesemspWithinemspaemspfewemspmonthsemspofemsptakingemspupemsptheemspinstrumentemspinemsp1994emspIemsphademspcommissionedemspaemspnewemspworkemspforemspitemspfromemspRobemspKeeleyemspAndemspyetemspnotwithstandingemspYepesrsquosemspcharacterisationemspofemsptheemspten-stringemsp instrumentemspasemspaemspuniversalemspguitaremsp Iemspsoonemspcameemsptoemspfeelemsp thatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspsix-stringemspguitaremsp
p o i u y t r e w q
Example 1 Narciso Yepesrsquos tuning for the ten-string guitar often referred to as the lsquomodernrsquo tuning Circled numbers denote strings strings 6ndash1 match the stringing of the six-string guitar
5
musicemspmostemspfreelyemsponemspitsemspintendedemspinstrumentemsptheemspunevenemspresponseemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsphasemspitsemspownemspcharmemspwhileemsptheemspextraemspresonanceemspofemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspcanemspbeemspaemsplittleemspoverpoweringemspandemspdifficultemsptoemspcontrolemspAndemspsoemspIemspreconciledemspmyselfemsptoemsptakingemsptwoemspinstrumentsemsptoemspeveryemspperformanceemsp
BeforeemsplongemspIemspstartedemsptoemspthinkemspaboutemsptheemspideaemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspinemspsomeemspwayemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspplacedemsponemspaemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspofemspmeemspAemspgoodemspdealemspofemspexperimentationemspledemsptoemspaemspcarefullyemspplannedemspimprovisationemspwhichemspIemspwouldemspsometimesemspperformemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspcon-certsemspIemspretunedemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemspaddedemspaemspcapoemsptoemspraiseemsptheemsppitchemspofemsptheemspinstrumentemspbyemspaemspperfectemspfifthemspthisemspwayemsptheemspcombinedemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspgaveemspaemspgamutemspofemspsixteenemsppitchesemspthoughemspwithemspaemspstrongemspdiatonicemspbasisemsp(example 2emspandashc)emspMyemspimprovisationemspendedemspwithemspanemsparrangementemspofemspaemspGalicianemspfolkemspsongemspwhichemspIemsphademsporiginallyemspmadeemspforemspguitaremspduoemspendingemspwithemspaemspchordemspsweptemspacrossemspbothemspguitarsemspatemsponceemsp(example 2emspd)
IemspwasemspquiteemspunawareemspthatemsptheemspideaemspofemspplayingemspaemspsoloemsponemsptwoemspguitarsemsphademspalreadyemspbeenemsptriedemspatemspleastemsptwiceemspIemspnowemspknowemspthatemspGavinemspBryarsrsquosemspThe Fox the Squirrel and the Ricketty-Racketty BridgeemspwasemspwrittenemspasemsplongemspagoemspasemsptheemspsixtiesemspmoreemsprecentlyemspMoritzemspEggersemsphasemspwrittenemspaemspworkemspforemspnylon-emspandemspsteel-stringemspguitarsemspVermilion Sandsemsp(2000)emspAlthoughemspbothemspworksemspareemspsubstantialemsppiecesemspneitheremspattemptsemspatemspallemsptoemspresearchemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemsptoemspcreateemspunusualemsptexturesemspInemspBryarsrsquosemsppieceemspnoemspnotesemspareemsppluckedemspandemspfrettedemspinemsptheemspordinaryemspwayemspallemspnotesemspareemspsoundedemspbyemsphammeringemsponemsptoemsptheemspfingerboardemspwithemsptheemsprightemsporemspleftemsphandemspInemspVermilion Sandsemspnotesemspareemsppro-ducedemspnormallyemspforemsptheemspmostemsppartemspbutemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspareemspusedemspinemspanemspantiphonalemspwayemspandemsptheemsptwoemspsonoritiesemspareemspscarcelyemspeveremspmixedemsp
InemspmyemspownemspexplorationemspIemspintendedemspfromemsptheemspstartemsptoemspinterlaceemsptheemspsonoritiesemspofemsptheemspinstrumentsemspsoemspIemspbeganemsptoemspdeviseemspwaysemspofemspplayingemspchordsemspsimultaneouslyemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspofemspmovingemspfromemsponeemspinstrumentemsptoemsptheemspotheremspwithinemspaemspphraseemsporemspfigureemspIemspwasemspattractedemspinitiallyemspbyemsptheemsppurelyemspsen-suousemsppossibilitiesemsptheemspmagicalemspresonanceemspofemsptheemspcombinationemspBecauseemspevenemspaemspmoderateemsptempoemsppresentedemspformidableemsptechnicalemspandemspcognitiveemspdifficultiesemspIemspthoughtemsplessemspofemsptheemspcombinationemspasemspaemsp
a Scordatura for ten-string guitar
p o i u y t r e w q
b Scordatura for six-string guitar(capo at fret 7)
y t r e w q
c Combined gamutd Goal chord of improvisation
ff
Example 2 An open-string gamut for improvisation enrichable with fretted notes and harmonics
6
vehicleemspforemspvirtuosoemspdisplayemspNonethelessemspIemspthoughtemspthereemspwasemspsomeemsppotentialemsptoemspdevelopemsptheemspme-diumemspIemspbeganemsptoemspthinkemspofemspcommissioningemspsomeoneemspelseemsptoemspwriteemspanemspextendedemspsoloemspforemspmyemsptwoemspguitarsemspbutemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspaemspcomposeremspwithemspaemspplayerrsquosemspknowledgeemspofemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsponeemspwhoemspwouldemsprelishemspbothemsptheemspdramaticemspandemspvirtuosicemsppossibilitiesemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemsppotentialemspforemspsheerlyemspsensuousemsptextureemspStephenemspGossemspisemsponeemspofemspveryemspfewemspcomposersemsptoemspmeetemspthisemspdescrip-tionemspandemspsoemspinemsp2002emspIemspchangedemspmyemsplong-standingemsprequestemsptoemspStephenemspforemspaemspten-stringemspguitaremsppieceemsptoemspaemspworkemspforemspbothemspguitarsemsptogetheremspIemspproposedemsptoemspperformemsptheemspworkemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspinemspLondonrsquosemspBoliacutevaremspHallemspinemspaemspconcertemspforemsptheemspVenezuelanemspEmbassyrsquosemspguitaremspfestivalemspaemspconcertemspthatemspwouldemspalsoemspfeatureemspemspOhanarsquosemspcycleemspSi le jour paraicircthellip foremspten-stringemspguitaremspalongemspwithemspsomeemspsix-stringemspworks
StephenemspwasemspsomewhatemsptakenemspabackemspbyemsptheemspcommissionemspFirstemspasemspfaremspasemspweemspknewemspnoemsppieceemsplikeemspthisemsphademspeveremspbeenemspwrittenemspbeforeemspThereemspwereemspnoemspmodelsemspandemsptimeemspwasemsprelativelyemspshortemspforemsptheemspconcertemspIemsphademspinemspmindemspSecondemspheemspthoughtemspthatemspnoemsponeemspwouldemspeveremspplayemsptheemsppieceemspapartemspfromemspmeemspmuchemsplateremspweemspwereemspsurprisedemspatemsptheemspinterestemsparousedemspbyemsptheemsppublicationemspandemsprecordingemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp(asemsptheemspworkemspcameemsptoemspbeemspcalled)emspalthoughemspthereemsphaveemspnotemspyetemspbeenemspperformancesemspbyemspotheremspten-stringemspguitaristsemspAsemspforemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspobjectionemspweemsparrangedemsptoemspmeetemspsoemspthatemspIemspcouldemspdemonstrateemsptoemsphimemspaemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemspandemspexploreemspwaysemspofemspaddingemsptoemspitemspWeemsphademsponlyemsponeemspextendedemspmeetingemsptoemspgoemspintoemsptheemspvariousemspresourcesemspbutemspStephenemspcarefullyemspwroteemspthememspallemspdownemsp
Asemsptheemspcommissioneremspofemsptheemspworkemspitemspwasemspveryemspimportantemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemsppieceemspshouldemspjustifyemsptheemsptroubleemspandemsptheemsptheatreemspofemsphavingemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspstageemspcombiningemspthememspasemspfullyemspandemspinven-tivelyemspasemsppossibleemspCertainlyemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspproduceemspfascinatingemspsonoritiesemsptogetheremspbutemsptheyemspalsoemspimposeemspfrustratingemsplimitationsemspsinceemspitemspisemspimpossibleemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspifemsptheemspnoteemsponemsptheemspfirstemspguitaremspisemsppluckedemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspandemspfrettedemspwithemsptheemspleftemspToemspplayemspcon-tinuousemsppassageworkemspthereemspmustemspbeemsppivot notesemsp-emspnotesemspplayedemspwithemsponlyemsponeemsphandemspTheseemspcanemsponlyemspbeemspopenemspstringsemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsp(playedemspwithemsponeemsphand)emsporemspoccasionallyemsphammered-onemspnotesemspSomehowemspIemspneveremspclearlyemspformulatedemspthisemsplsquorulersquoemspinemspmyemspdiscussionsemspwithemspStephenemspStillemspmyemspfirstemspre-questemspwasemspthatemspthereemspshouldemspbeemspsomeemspcontinuousemsppassageworkemspinemsptheemspmusic
Itemspwasemspmoreemsporemsplessemspassumedemspatemsptheemspoutsetemspthatemspasemspinemspmyemspimprovisationsemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemsptheemsponeemspplacedemsponemsptheemsppianoemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspsinceemspallemsptheemspextraemspresourcesemspofemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemspmoreemspeasilyemspaccessedemspwithemsp itemspheldemspconventionallyemsp Itemsp isemsp inevitableemspwithemsp thisemspar-rangementemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwillemsphaveemsptoemspplayemspmoreemspnotesemspthanemsptheemspsix-stringemspbutemspweemspwereemspkeenemsptoemspminimiseemspthisemspeffectemspTheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemsptoemspmechanicallyemspraiseemsptheemsppitchemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemspthusemspdifferentiateemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspalsoemspseemedemspaemspgiven
The Compendium
BeforeemspwritingemspanyemspmusicemspStephenemspsentemspmeemspaemspcopyemspofemsp theemsp lsquocompendiumrsquoemsporemsp repertoryemspofemsp tech-niquesemspthatemspheemsphademspcompiledemspfromemspouremspmeetingemspIemspreproduceemspitemspinemsptableemsp1emspnumberingemspeachemsponeemspandemspaddingemsptoemsptheemsprightemspanemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptheemspvariousemsptechniquesemspcameemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemsptheemspworkemspInemsptheemspendemspnotemspeveryemsptechniqueemspfeaturedemspSomeemspwereemspsoemspthoroughlyemspexploredemspinemspaemspmovementemspthatemspthereemspwasemspnoemspneedemspforemspadditionalemsponesemspandemspthenemspaemspfewemspadditionalemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemspinstru-mentemspemergedemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcomposingemsptheemspcompendiumemspgrew
7
1 The standard lsquomodernrsquo 10-string tuning F (top fret 12) G (12) A (12) Low B or C (13) E (14) A (16) D (17) G (18) B (19) E (19) Listen to Jonathanrsquos recordings with the ten-string par-ticularly Beaserrsquos lsquoBarbara Allenrsquo and Poulencrsquos Caprice Parisien (string 7 = low A) and live record-ing of Ohana
2 The 6-string could have an odd tuning and a capo
3 The 10-string could have a capo over the top (or bottom) 6 strings
4 Chord of open strings and harmonic doublings 5 Chromatic clusters and diatonic clusters 6 The 10-string is excellent for bridge percussion 7 Sustained cross-string patterns 8 Rich chord of harmonics 9 2-guitar dialogue hammer-on 6 note chords 10 Strum 6-string with tamb on 10-string 11 Both hands doing hammer-ons on 1 or 2 guitars 12 Hammer-on all 6 strings while playing a chord on
10-string 13 RH trem on 10-string (good on G) with a dramatic
backwards LH hammer-onpull-off melody on 6-string
14 The harp open strings and natural harmonics RH 10-string LH 6-string Harmonic chords at various fretsemsp-emspup to 6 (or 10) notes
15 Harmonic chords dampened higher up (ie pluck fret 12 harmonic and them brush at fret 7 (5 4 etc)
16 Left hand on 10-string can produce very clear hammer-ons in the bass A singing bass line would work well
17 RH harmonic pattern on 10-string cello melody on 6ndashstring
18 RH ostinato on 6-string (pizzharm or as percus-sion instrument) with hammer-on melody on 10-string
19 RH fingered harmonic chords 20 Subtle clustery chords points not big
brushstrokes 21 Big chords across both instruments double
strikes or big gestures
Standard lsquomodernrsquo tuning used with lowest (7th) string in B
Throughout but the capo is removed in lsquoCircersquo replaced in lsquoNarcissusrsquo and then removed again[not used]
[not used][throughout]lsquoPanrsquo lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoCircersquolsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoPanrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoAeolusrsquo[not used]
lsquoCircersquo
lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquo
[not used]
lsquoCircersquo though the melody on 6-string turned out to be in open strings and harmonics[not used]
lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo
lsquoCircersquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
Table 1 The Compendium for Oxen of the Sun
Compendium (precompositional) Eventual application in work
8
Foremsptheemspmostemsppartemsptheemspcompendiumemspdealsemspwithemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspdoesemspnotemspreflectemspanemspimportantemspaspectemspofemspouremspdiscussionemspthatemspdayemsptheemspstrikingemspresourcesemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspaffordsemsponemsp itsemspownemspStillemsp theemsp impressionemspthatemsp theemsp tableemspgivesemsp-emspthatemsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp lsquoAeolusrsquoemsplsquoCircersquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(inemspitsemspsecondemspversion)emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptheemspmostemsp-emspcorrespondsemspquiteemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspfinishedemspworkemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemsplsquoSirensrsquoemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemsptheemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemsphardlyemspappliesemspbecauseemsptheemspmovementemspenactsemspaemspgradualemspawakeningemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsplyingemspinemspfrontemspofemsptheemspperformeremspTheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsponlyemspechoesemsptheemspten-stringemspsoloemspbeforeemspbecomingemspsuddenlyemspandemspdramaticallyemspindependentemspinemsptheemspsecondemspmovementemsplsquoPanrsquoemsp
ButemspwhyemspisemsptheemspcompendiumemspspreademspsoemspunevenlyemspoveremsptheemspotheremspmovementsemspStephenemsphademspwrit-tenemspinemsphisemspdiary
TheemsppieceemspmayemspwellemspbeemspaemspnumberemspofemspminiaturesemsporemspmoodemsppiecesemspbasedemsponemspsomethingemsplikeemsptheemspTarotemspCardsemsp(butemspnotemsptheemspTarotemspCards)emspaemspkindemspofemspcompressedemspLGT1emspCouldemspbeemspaemspfilmicemspliteraryemsporemspartisticemspsourceemsp
WeemsptalkedemspaboutemspwhatemsptheemsppieceemspmightemspdoemspJonathanemspwouldemsplikeemspsomethingemspthatemsphasemspactionemspbutemspisemspnotemspnecessarilyemspfastemspHeemspshowedemspmeemspaemspcompendiumemspofemsppossibilitiesemspTheemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspaboutemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsptheemspperformeremspAemspmusicemspboxemspboxemspofemsptricksemsptheemspsoundsemspwillemspbeemspuniqueemspintriguingemspandemspnovelemspAemspcrossemspbetweenemspaemspharpemspandemspaemspguitaremspInventionsemspasemspvariationsemspThereemspcouldemspbeemspaemspveryemspsimpleemspharpemspmovementemsp-emspaemspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendemspTryemspnotemsptoemspduplicateemspJonathanrsquosemspfolksongemsparrangementemspideaemspOneemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspjustemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsplsquoTheemspHarpemspofemspOrpheusrsquoemspSympatheticemspStringsemsp6 Metamorphoses after OvidemspasemspaemspmodelemsporemspstartingemsppointemspMetamorphosesemspafteremspBritten
Aemsp lsquoboxemspofemsp tricksrsquoemsp itemsp isemsp easyemsp toemsp supposeemsp thatemsp theemspcompendiumemspwillemspgenerateemsp lsquoset-piecersquoemsp episodesemspandemsp strikingemsp gesturesemsp bloques sonoresemsp thatemsp willemsp quicklyemsp exhaustemsp themselvesemsp leavingemsp theemsp com-poseremspwithemsptheemsptaskemspofemspfindingemspanemspintuitivelyemspcorrectemsparrangementemsptoemspbuildemspaemsplargeremspformemspInemspfactemsptheemspfinishedemspseven-movementemspstructureemspisemspfaremsplessemspobviousemspItemspisemspalreadyemspapparentemspinemsphisemspjottingsemspthatemspStephenemspintendedemsponeemsporemspmoreemspmovementsemsptoemspfocusemsponemspaemspsingleemspsoundemspTheemspcentralemspmove-mentemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsptreatsemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemsponeemspaemspkindemspofemspharpemsporemsplyreemspinemspaemsphypnoticemspexplorationemspofemspaemspsingleemsptechnicalemspideaemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbuildsemsponemspthisemsptechniqueemspmovingemsptwiceemspasemspquicklyemspandemspaddingemspstoppedemspnotesemspandemspten-stringemspsweeps
Theemspremainingemspmovementsemsp-emsptheemsponesemspthatemspcanemspbeemspcalledemspepisodicemsp-emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptoemspveryemspdifferentemspendsemspInemspparticularemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspaemspgenuinelyemspdramaticemspstructureemspinemspthatemspitemspinvokesemspcontrastsemspofemspstabilityemspandemspinstabilityemspstatementemspandemspdevelopmentemspAsemsptableemsp2emspshowsemspitemspisemspinemsponeemspsenseemspaemsplsquoboxemspofemsptricksrsquoemspThereemspareemspfouremspepisodesemspofemspsimilaremsplengthemspeachemsplabelledemspwithemspaemspcharacteremspLight and clearemspStrong and heavyemspScherzandoemspandemspFasteremspEachemspofemsptheseemspepisodesemspdrawsemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsp-emsporemsppresentsemspaemspsimilaremspstronglyemspidiomaticemspeffectemsp-emspinemspaemspclearlyemspdefinedemspwayemspIndeedemspneitheremspguitaremspisemspplayedemspquiteemspconventionallyemspuntilemsptheemspfinalemspsectionemspwhichemspisemspaemspsoloemspforemspten-stringemspguitaremspButemsptheemsplastemspepisodeemspisemspaemsprepriseemspofemsptheemspfirstemsptransformingemspitsemspstaticemspostinato-likeemspfigurationemspintoemspaemspforcefulemspclimaxemspandemspdecayemspTheemsprisingemsppassageemspinemspbarsemsp50ndash54emspisemspmadeemspoutemspofemspmotivesemspfromemsp
1emsp Looking Glass Tiesemsp(2001)emspisemspaemspworkemspbyemspGossemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspdiscussedemspbelowemsp(ppemsp15ndash17)
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
5
musicemspmostemspfreelyemsponemspitsemspintendedemspinstrumentemsptheemspunevenemspresponseemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsphasemspitsemspownemspcharmemspwhileemsptheemspextraemspresonanceemspofemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspcanemspbeemspaemsplittleemspoverpoweringemspandemspdifficultemsptoemspcontrolemspAndemspsoemspIemspreconciledemspmyselfemsptoemsptakingemsptwoemspinstrumentsemsptoemspeveryemspperformanceemsp
BeforeemsplongemspIemspstartedemsptoemspthinkemspaboutemsptheemspideaemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspinemspsomeemspwayemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspplacedemsponemspaemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspofemspmeemspAemspgoodemspdealemspofemspexperimentationemspledemsptoemspaemspcarefullyemspplannedemspimprovisationemspwhichemspIemspwouldemspsometimesemspperformemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspcon-certsemspIemspretunedemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemspaddedemspaemspcapoemsptoemspraiseemsptheemsppitchemspofemsptheemspinstrumentemspbyemspaemspperfectemspfifthemspthisemspwayemsptheemspcombinedemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspgaveemspaemspgamutemspofemspsixteenemsppitchesemspthoughemspwithemspaemspstrongemspdiatonicemspbasisemsp(example 2emspandashc)emspMyemspimprovisationemspendedemspwithemspanemsparrangementemspofemspaemspGalicianemspfolkemspsongemspwhichemspIemsphademsporiginallyemspmadeemspforemspguitaremspduoemspendingemspwithemspaemspchordemspsweptemspacrossemspbothemspguitarsemspatemsponceemsp(example 2emspd)
IemspwasemspquiteemspunawareemspthatemsptheemspideaemspofemspplayingemspaemspsoloemsponemsptwoemspguitarsemsphademspalreadyemspbeenemsptriedemspatemspleastemsptwiceemspIemspnowemspknowemspthatemspGavinemspBryarsrsquosemspThe Fox the Squirrel and the Ricketty-Racketty BridgeemspwasemspwrittenemspasemsplongemspagoemspasemsptheemspsixtiesemspmoreemsprecentlyemspMoritzemspEggersemsphasemspwrittenemspaemspworkemspforemspnylon-emspandemspsteel-stringemspguitarsemspVermilion Sandsemsp(2000)emspAlthoughemspbothemspworksemspareemspsubstantialemsppiecesemspneitheremspattemptsemspatemspallemsptoemspresearchemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemsptoemspcreateemspunusualemsptexturesemspInemspBryarsrsquosemsppieceemspnoemspnotesemspareemsppluckedemspandemspfrettedemspinemsptheemspordinaryemspwayemspallemspnotesemspareemspsoundedemspbyemsphammeringemsponemsptoemsptheemspfingerboardemspwithemsptheemsprightemsporemspleftemsphandemspInemspVermilion Sandsemspnotesemspareemsppro-ducedemspnormallyemspforemsptheemspmostemsppartemspbutemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspareemspusedemspinemspanemspantiphonalemspwayemspandemsptheemsptwoemspsonoritiesemspareemspscarcelyemspeveremspmixedemsp
InemspmyemspownemspexplorationemspIemspintendedemspfromemsptheemspstartemsptoemspinterlaceemsptheemspsonoritiesemspofemsptheemspinstrumentsemspsoemspIemspbeganemsptoemspdeviseemspwaysemspofemspplayingemspchordsemspsimultaneouslyemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspofemspmovingemspfromemsponeemspinstrumentemsptoemsptheemspotheremspwithinemspaemspphraseemsporemspfigureemspIemspwasemspattractedemspinitiallyemspbyemsptheemsppurelyemspsen-suousemsppossibilitiesemsptheemspmagicalemspresonanceemspofemsptheemspcombinationemspBecauseemspevenemspaemspmoderateemsptempoemsppresentedemspformidableemsptechnicalemspandemspcognitiveemspdifficultiesemspIemspthoughtemsplessemspofemsptheemspcombinationemspasemspaemsp
a Scordatura for ten-string guitar
p o i u y t r e w q
b Scordatura for six-string guitar(capo at fret 7)
y t r e w q
c Combined gamutd Goal chord of improvisation
ff
Example 2 An open-string gamut for improvisation enrichable with fretted notes and harmonics
6
vehicleemspforemspvirtuosoemspdisplayemspNonethelessemspIemspthoughtemspthereemspwasemspsomeemsppotentialemsptoemspdevelopemsptheemspme-diumemspIemspbeganemsptoemspthinkemspofemspcommissioningemspsomeoneemspelseemsptoemspwriteemspanemspextendedemspsoloemspforemspmyemsptwoemspguitarsemspbutemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspaemspcomposeremspwithemspaemspplayerrsquosemspknowledgeemspofemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsponeemspwhoemspwouldemsprelishemspbothemsptheemspdramaticemspandemspvirtuosicemsppossibilitiesemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemsppotentialemspforemspsheerlyemspsensuousemsptextureemspStephenemspGossemspisemsponeemspofemspveryemspfewemspcomposersemsptoemspmeetemspthisemspdescrip-tionemspandemspsoemspinemsp2002emspIemspchangedemspmyemsplong-standingemsprequestemsptoemspStephenemspforemspaemspten-stringemspguitaremsppieceemsptoemspaemspworkemspforemspbothemspguitarsemsptogetheremspIemspproposedemsptoemspperformemsptheemspworkemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspinemspLondonrsquosemspBoliacutevaremspHallemspinemspaemspconcertemspforemsptheemspVenezuelanemspEmbassyrsquosemspguitaremspfestivalemspaemspconcertemspthatemspwouldemspalsoemspfeatureemspemspOhanarsquosemspcycleemspSi le jour paraicircthellip foremspten-stringemspguitaremspalongemspwithemspsomeemspsix-stringemspworks
StephenemspwasemspsomewhatemsptakenemspabackemspbyemsptheemspcommissionemspFirstemspasemspfaremspasemspweemspknewemspnoemsppieceemsplikeemspthisemsphademspeveremspbeenemspwrittenemspbeforeemspThereemspwereemspnoemspmodelsemspandemsptimeemspwasemsprelativelyemspshortemspforemsptheemspconcertemspIemsphademspinemspmindemspSecondemspheemspthoughtemspthatemspnoemsponeemspwouldemspeveremspplayemsptheemsppieceemspapartemspfromemspmeemspmuchemsplateremspweemspwereemspsurprisedemspatemsptheemspinterestemsparousedemspbyemsptheemsppublicationemspandemsprecordingemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp(asemsptheemspworkemspcameemsptoemspbeemspcalled)emspalthoughemspthereemsphaveemspnotemspyetemspbeenemspperformancesemspbyemspotheremspten-stringemspguitaristsemspAsemspforemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspobjectionemspweemsparrangedemsptoemspmeetemspsoemspthatemspIemspcouldemspdemonstrateemsptoemsphimemspaemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemspandemspexploreemspwaysemspofemspaddingemsptoemspitemspWeemsphademsponlyemsponeemspextendedemspmeetingemsptoemspgoemspintoemsptheemspvariousemspresourcesemspbutemspStephenemspcarefullyemspwroteemspthememspallemspdownemsp
Asemsptheemspcommissioneremspofemsptheemspworkemspitemspwasemspveryemspimportantemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemsppieceemspshouldemspjustifyemsptheemsptroubleemspandemsptheemsptheatreemspofemsphavingemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspstageemspcombiningemspthememspasemspfullyemspandemspinven-tivelyemspasemsppossibleemspCertainlyemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspproduceemspfascinatingemspsonoritiesemsptogetheremspbutemsptheyemspalsoemspimposeemspfrustratingemsplimitationsemspsinceemspitemspisemspimpossibleemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspifemsptheemspnoteemsponemsptheemspfirstemspguitaremspisemsppluckedemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspandemspfrettedemspwithemsptheemspleftemspToemspplayemspcon-tinuousemsppassageworkemspthereemspmustemspbeemsppivot notesemsp-emspnotesemspplayedemspwithemsponlyemsponeemsphandemspTheseemspcanemsponlyemspbeemspopenemspstringsemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsp(playedemspwithemsponeemsphand)emsporemspoccasionallyemsphammered-onemspnotesemspSomehowemspIemspneveremspclearlyemspformulatedemspthisemsplsquorulersquoemspinemspmyemspdiscussionsemspwithemspStephenemspStillemspmyemspfirstemspre-questemspwasemspthatemspthereemspshouldemspbeemspsomeemspcontinuousemsppassageworkemspinemsptheemspmusic
Itemspwasemspmoreemsporemsplessemspassumedemspatemsptheemspoutsetemspthatemspasemspinemspmyemspimprovisationsemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemsptheemsponeemspplacedemsponemsptheemsppianoemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspsinceemspallemsptheemspextraemspresourcesemspofemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemspmoreemspeasilyemspaccessedemspwithemsp itemspheldemspconventionallyemsp Itemsp isemsp inevitableemspwithemsp thisemspar-rangementemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwillemsphaveemsptoemspplayemspmoreemspnotesemspthanemsptheemspsix-stringemspbutemspweemspwereemspkeenemsptoemspminimiseemspthisemspeffectemspTheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemsptoemspmechanicallyemspraiseemsptheemsppitchemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemspthusemspdifferentiateemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspalsoemspseemedemspaemspgiven
The Compendium
BeforeemspwritingemspanyemspmusicemspStephenemspsentemspmeemspaemspcopyemspofemsp theemsp lsquocompendiumrsquoemsporemsp repertoryemspofemsp tech-niquesemspthatemspheemsphademspcompiledemspfromemspouremspmeetingemspIemspreproduceemspitemspinemsptableemsp1emspnumberingemspeachemsponeemspandemspaddingemsptoemsptheemsprightemspanemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptheemspvariousemsptechniquesemspcameemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemsptheemspworkemspInemsptheemspendemspnotemspeveryemsptechniqueemspfeaturedemspSomeemspwereemspsoemspthoroughlyemspexploredemspinemspaemspmovementemspthatemspthereemspwasemspnoemspneedemspforemspadditionalemsponesemspandemspthenemspaemspfewemspadditionalemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemspinstru-mentemspemergedemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcomposingemsptheemspcompendiumemspgrew
7
1 The standard lsquomodernrsquo 10-string tuning F (top fret 12) G (12) A (12) Low B or C (13) E (14) A (16) D (17) G (18) B (19) E (19) Listen to Jonathanrsquos recordings with the ten-string par-ticularly Beaserrsquos lsquoBarbara Allenrsquo and Poulencrsquos Caprice Parisien (string 7 = low A) and live record-ing of Ohana
2 The 6-string could have an odd tuning and a capo
3 The 10-string could have a capo over the top (or bottom) 6 strings
4 Chord of open strings and harmonic doublings 5 Chromatic clusters and diatonic clusters 6 The 10-string is excellent for bridge percussion 7 Sustained cross-string patterns 8 Rich chord of harmonics 9 2-guitar dialogue hammer-on 6 note chords 10 Strum 6-string with tamb on 10-string 11 Both hands doing hammer-ons on 1 or 2 guitars 12 Hammer-on all 6 strings while playing a chord on
10-string 13 RH trem on 10-string (good on G) with a dramatic
backwards LH hammer-onpull-off melody on 6-string
14 The harp open strings and natural harmonics RH 10-string LH 6-string Harmonic chords at various fretsemsp-emspup to 6 (or 10) notes
15 Harmonic chords dampened higher up (ie pluck fret 12 harmonic and them brush at fret 7 (5 4 etc)
16 Left hand on 10-string can produce very clear hammer-ons in the bass A singing bass line would work well
17 RH harmonic pattern on 10-string cello melody on 6ndashstring
18 RH ostinato on 6-string (pizzharm or as percus-sion instrument) with hammer-on melody on 10-string
19 RH fingered harmonic chords 20 Subtle clustery chords points not big
brushstrokes 21 Big chords across both instruments double
strikes or big gestures
Standard lsquomodernrsquo tuning used with lowest (7th) string in B
Throughout but the capo is removed in lsquoCircersquo replaced in lsquoNarcissusrsquo and then removed again[not used]
[not used][throughout]lsquoPanrsquo lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoCircersquolsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoPanrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoAeolusrsquo[not used]
lsquoCircersquo
lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquo
[not used]
lsquoCircersquo though the melody on 6-string turned out to be in open strings and harmonics[not used]
lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo
lsquoCircersquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
Table 1 The Compendium for Oxen of the Sun
Compendium (precompositional) Eventual application in work
8
Foremsptheemspmostemsppartemsptheemspcompendiumemspdealsemspwithemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspdoesemspnotemspreflectemspanemspimportantemspaspectemspofemspouremspdiscussionemspthatemspdayemsptheemspstrikingemspresourcesemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspaffordsemsponemsp itsemspownemspStillemsp theemsp impressionemspthatemsp theemsp tableemspgivesemsp-emspthatemsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp lsquoAeolusrsquoemsplsquoCircersquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(inemspitsemspsecondemspversion)emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptheemspmostemsp-emspcorrespondsemspquiteemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspfinishedemspworkemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemsplsquoSirensrsquoemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemsptheemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemsphardlyemspappliesemspbecauseemsptheemspmovementemspenactsemspaemspgradualemspawakeningemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsplyingemspinemspfrontemspofemsptheemspperformeremspTheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsponlyemspechoesemsptheemspten-stringemspsoloemspbeforeemspbecomingemspsuddenlyemspandemspdramaticallyemspindependentemspinemsptheemspsecondemspmovementemsplsquoPanrsquoemsp
ButemspwhyemspisemsptheemspcompendiumemspspreademspsoemspunevenlyemspoveremsptheemspotheremspmovementsemspStephenemsphademspwrit-tenemspinemsphisemspdiary
TheemsppieceemspmayemspwellemspbeemspaemspnumberemspofemspminiaturesemsporemspmoodemsppiecesemspbasedemsponemspsomethingemsplikeemsptheemspTarotemspCardsemsp(butemspnotemsptheemspTarotemspCards)emspaemspkindemspofemspcompressedemspLGT1emspCouldemspbeemspaemspfilmicemspliteraryemsporemspartisticemspsourceemsp
WeemsptalkedemspaboutemspwhatemsptheemsppieceemspmightemspdoemspJonathanemspwouldemsplikeemspsomethingemspthatemsphasemspactionemspbutemspisemspnotemspnecessarilyemspfastemspHeemspshowedemspmeemspaemspcompendiumemspofemsppossibilitiesemspTheemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspaboutemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsptheemspperformeremspAemspmusicemspboxemspboxemspofemsptricksemsptheemspsoundsemspwillemspbeemspuniqueemspintriguingemspandemspnovelemspAemspcrossemspbetweenemspaemspharpemspandemspaemspguitaremspInventionsemspasemspvariationsemspThereemspcouldemspbeemspaemspveryemspsimpleemspharpemspmovementemsp-emspaemspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendemspTryemspnotemsptoemspduplicateemspJonathanrsquosemspfolksongemsparrangementemspideaemspOneemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspjustemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsplsquoTheemspHarpemspofemspOrpheusrsquoemspSympatheticemspStringsemsp6 Metamorphoses after OvidemspasemspaemspmodelemsporemspstartingemsppointemspMetamorphosesemspafteremspBritten
Aemsp lsquoboxemspofemsp tricksrsquoemsp itemsp isemsp easyemsp toemsp supposeemsp thatemsp theemspcompendiumemspwillemspgenerateemsp lsquoset-piecersquoemsp episodesemspandemsp strikingemsp gesturesemsp bloques sonoresemsp thatemsp willemsp quicklyemsp exhaustemsp themselvesemsp leavingemsp theemsp com-poseremspwithemsptheemsptaskemspofemspfindingemspanemspintuitivelyemspcorrectemsparrangementemsptoemspbuildemspaemsplargeremspformemspInemspfactemsptheemspfinishedemspseven-movementemspstructureemspisemspfaremsplessemspobviousemspItemspisemspalreadyemspapparentemspinemsphisemspjottingsemspthatemspStephenemspintendedemsponeemsporemspmoreemspmovementsemsptoemspfocusemsponemspaemspsingleemspsoundemspTheemspcentralemspmove-mentemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsptreatsemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemsponeemspaemspkindemspofemspharpemsporemsplyreemspinemspaemsphypnoticemspexplorationemspofemspaemspsingleemsptechnicalemspideaemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbuildsemsponemspthisemsptechniqueemspmovingemsptwiceemspasemspquicklyemspandemspaddingemspstoppedemspnotesemspandemspten-stringemspsweeps
Theemspremainingemspmovementsemsp-emsptheemsponesemspthatemspcanemspbeemspcalledemspepisodicemsp-emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptoemspveryemspdifferentemspendsemspInemspparticularemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspaemspgenuinelyemspdramaticemspstructureemspinemspthatemspitemspinvokesemspcontrastsemspofemspstabilityemspandemspinstabilityemspstatementemspandemspdevelopmentemspAsemsptableemsp2emspshowsemspitemspisemspinemsponeemspsenseemspaemsplsquoboxemspofemsptricksrsquoemspThereemspareemspfouremspepisodesemspofemspsimilaremsplengthemspeachemsplabelledemspwithemspaemspcharacteremspLight and clearemspStrong and heavyemspScherzandoemspandemspFasteremspEachemspofemsptheseemspepisodesemspdrawsemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsp-emsporemsppresentsemspaemspsimilaremspstronglyemspidiomaticemspeffectemsp-emspinemspaemspclearlyemspdefinedemspwayemspIndeedemspneitheremspguitaremspisemspplayedemspquiteemspconventionallyemspuntilemsptheemspfinalemspsectionemspwhichemspisemspaemspsoloemspforemspten-stringemspguitaremspButemsptheemsplastemspepisodeemspisemspaemsprepriseemspofemsptheemspfirstemsptransformingemspitsemspstaticemspostinato-likeemspfigurationemspintoemspaemspforcefulemspclimaxemspandemspdecayemspTheemsprisingemsppassageemspinemspbarsemsp50ndash54emspisemspmadeemspoutemspofemspmotivesemspfromemsp
1emsp Looking Glass Tiesemsp(2001)emspisemspaemspworkemspbyemspGossemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspdiscussedemspbelowemsp(ppemsp15ndash17)
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
6
vehicleemspforemspvirtuosoemspdisplayemspNonethelessemspIemspthoughtemspthereemspwasemspsomeemsppotentialemsptoemspdevelopemsptheemspme-diumemspIemspbeganemsptoemspthinkemspofemspcommissioningemspsomeoneemspelseemsptoemspwriteemspanemspextendedemspsoloemspforemspmyemsptwoemspguitarsemspbutemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspaemspcomposeremspwithemspaemspplayerrsquosemspknowledgeemspofemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsponeemspwhoemspwouldemsprelishemspbothemsptheemspdramaticemspandemspvirtuosicemsppossibilitiesemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemsppotentialemspforemspsheerlyemspsensuousemsptextureemspStephenemspGossemspisemsponeemspofemspveryemspfewemspcomposersemsptoemspmeetemspthisemspdescrip-tionemspandemspsoemspinemsp2002emspIemspchangedemspmyemsplong-standingemsprequestemsptoemspStephenemspforemspaemspten-stringemspguitaremsppieceemsptoemspaemspworkemspforemspbothemspguitarsemsptogetheremspIemspproposedemsptoemspperformemsptheemspworkemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspinemspLondonrsquosemspBoliacutevaremspHallemspinemspaemspconcertemspforemsptheemspVenezuelanemspEmbassyrsquosemspguitaremspfestivalemspaemspconcertemspthatemspwouldemspalsoemspfeatureemspemspOhanarsquosemspcycleemspSi le jour paraicircthellip foremspten-stringemspguitaremspalongemspwithemspsomeemspsix-stringemspworks
StephenemspwasemspsomewhatemsptakenemspabackemspbyemsptheemspcommissionemspFirstemspasemspfaremspasemspweemspknewemspnoemsppieceemsplikeemspthisemsphademspeveremspbeenemspwrittenemspbeforeemspThereemspwereemspnoemspmodelsemspandemsptimeemspwasemsprelativelyemspshortemspforemsptheemspconcertemspIemsphademspinemspmindemspSecondemspheemspthoughtemspthatemspnoemsponeemspwouldemspeveremspplayemsptheemsppieceemspapartemspfromemspmeemspmuchemsplateremspweemspwereemspsurprisedemspatemsptheemspinterestemsparousedemspbyemsptheemsppublicationemspandemsprecordingemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp(asemsptheemspworkemspcameemsptoemspbeemspcalled)emspalthoughemspthereemsphaveemspnotemspyetemspbeenemspperformancesemspbyemspotheremspten-stringemspguitaristsemspAsemspforemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspobjectionemspweemsparrangedemsptoemspmeetemspsoemspthatemspIemspcouldemspdemonstrateemsptoemsphimemspaemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemspandemspexploreemspwaysemspofemspaddingemsptoemspitemspWeemsphademsponlyemsponeemspextendedemspmeetingemsptoemspgoemspintoemsptheemspvariousemspresourcesemspbutemspStephenemspcarefullyemspwroteemspthememspallemspdownemsp
Asemsptheemspcommissioneremspofemsptheemspworkemspitemspwasemspveryemspimportantemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemsppieceemspshouldemspjustifyemsptheemsptroubleemspandemsptheemsptheatreemspofemsphavingemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspstageemspcombiningemspthememspasemspfullyemspandemspinven-tivelyemspasemsppossibleemspCertainlyemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspproduceemspfascinatingemspsonoritiesemsptogetheremspbutemsptheyemspalsoemspimposeemspfrustratingemsplimitationsemspsinceemspitemspisemspimpossibleemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspifemsptheemspnoteemsponemsptheemspfirstemspguitaremspisemsppluckedemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspandemspfrettedemspwithemsptheemspleftemspToemspplayemspcon-tinuousemsppassageworkemspthereemspmustemspbeemsppivot notesemsp-emspnotesemspplayedemspwithemsponlyemsponeemsphandemspTheseemspcanemsponlyemspbeemspopenemspstringsemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsp(playedemspwithemsponeemsphand)emsporemspoccasionallyemsphammered-onemspnotesemspSomehowemspIemspneveremspclearlyemspformulatedemspthisemsplsquorulersquoemspinemspmyemspdiscussionsemspwithemspStephenemspStillemspmyemspfirstemspre-questemspwasemspthatemspthereemspshouldemspbeemspsomeemspcontinuousemsppassageworkemspinemsptheemspmusic
Itemspwasemspmoreemsporemsplessemspassumedemspatemsptheemspoutsetemspthatemspasemspinemspmyemspimprovisationsemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemsptheemsponeemspplacedemsponemsptheemsppianoemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspsinceemspallemsptheemspextraemspresourcesemspofemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwouldemspbeemspmoreemspeasilyemspaccessedemspwithemsp itemspheldemspconventionallyemsp Itemsp isemsp inevitableemspwithemsp thisemspar-rangementemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspwillemsphaveemsptoemspplayemspmoreemspnotesemspthanemsptheemspsix-stringemspbutemspweemspwereemspkeenemsptoemspminimiseemspthisemspeffectemspTheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemsptoemspmechanicallyemspraiseemsptheemsppitchemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemspthusemspdifferentiateemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspalsoemspseemedemspaemspgiven
The Compendium
BeforeemspwritingemspanyemspmusicemspStephenemspsentemspmeemspaemspcopyemspofemsp theemsp lsquocompendiumrsquoemsporemsp repertoryemspofemsp tech-niquesemspthatemspheemsphademspcompiledemspfromemspouremspmeetingemspIemspreproduceemspitemspinemsptableemsp1emspnumberingemspeachemsponeemspandemspaddingemsptoemsptheemsprightemspanemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptheemspvariousemsptechniquesemspcameemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemsptheemspworkemspInemsptheemspendemspnotemspeveryemsptechniqueemspfeaturedemspSomeemspwereemspsoemspthoroughlyemspexploredemspinemspaemspmovementemspthatemspthereemspwasemspnoemspneedemspforemspadditionalemsponesemspandemspthenemspaemspfewemspadditionalemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemspinstru-mentemspemergedemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcomposingemsptheemspcompendiumemspgrew
7
1 The standard lsquomodernrsquo 10-string tuning F (top fret 12) G (12) A (12) Low B or C (13) E (14) A (16) D (17) G (18) B (19) E (19) Listen to Jonathanrsquos recordings with the ten-string par-ticularly Beaserrsquos lsquoBarbara Allenrsquo and Poulencrsquos Caprice Parisien (string 7 = low A) and live record-ing of Ohana
2 The 6-string could have an odd tuning and a capo
3 The 10-string could have a capo over the top (or bottom) 6 strings
4 Chord of open strings and harmonic doublings 5 Chromatic clusters and diatonic clusters 6 The 10-string is excellent for bridge percussion 7 Sustained cross-string patterns 8 Rich chord of harmonics 9 2-guitar dialogue hammer-on 6 note chords 10 Strum 6-string with tamb on 10-string 11 Both hands doing hammer-ons on 1 or 2 guitars 12 Hammer-on all 6 strings while playing a chord on
10-string 13 RH trem on 10-string (good on G) with a dramatic
backwards LH hammer-onpull-off melody on 6-string
14 The harp open strings and natural harmonics RH 10-string LH 6-string Harmonic chords at various fretsemsp-emspup to 6 (or 10) notes
15 Harmonic chords dampened higher up (ie pluck fret 12 harmonic and them brush at fret 7 (5 4 etc)
16 Left hand on 10-string can produce very clear hammer-ons in the bass A singing bass line would work well
17 RH harmonic pattern on 10-string cello melody on 6ndashstring
18 RH ostinato on 6-string (pizzharm or as percus-sion instrument) with hammer-on melody on 10-string
19 RH fingered harmonic chords 20 Subtle clustery chords points not big
brushstrokes 21 Big chords across both instruments double
strikes or big gestures
Standard lsquomodernrsquo tuning used with lowest (7th) string in B
Throughout but the capo is removed in lsquoCircersquo replaced in lsquoNarcissusrsquo and then removed again[not used]
[not used][throughout]lsquoPanrsquo lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoCircersquolsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoPanrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoAeolusrsquo[not used]
lsquoCircersquo
lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquo
[not used]
lsquoCircersquo though the melody on 6-string turned out to be in open strings and harmonics[not used]
lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo
lsquoCircersquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
Table 1 The Compendium for Oxen of the Sun
Compendium (precompositional) Eventual application in work
8
Foremsptheemspmostemsppartemsptheemspcompendiumemspdealsemspwithemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspdoesemspnotemspreflectemspanemspimportantemspaspectemspofemspouremspdiscussionemspthatemspdayemsptheemspstrikingemspresourcesemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspaffordsemsponemsp itsemspownemspStillemsp theemsp impressionemspthatemsp theemsp tableemspgivesemsp-emspthatemsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp lsquoAeolusrsquoemsplsquoCircersquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(inemspitsemspsecondemspversion)emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptheemspmostemsp-emspcorrespondsemspquiteemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspfinishedemspworkemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemsplsquoSirensrsquoemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemsptheemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemsphardlyemspappliesemspbecauseemsptheemspmovementemspenactsemspaemspgradualemspawakeningemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsplyingemspinemspfrontemspofemsptheemspperformeremspTheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsponlyemspechoesemsptheemspten-stringemspsoloemspbeforeemspbecomingemspsuddenlyemspandemspdramaticallyemspindependentemspinemsptheemspsecondemspmovementemsplsquoPanrsquoemsp
ButemspwhyemspisemsptheemspcompendiumemspspreademspsoemspunevenlyemspoveremsptheemspotheremspmovementsemspStephenemsphademspwrit-tenemspinemsphisemspdiary
TheemsppieceemspmayemspwellemspbeemspaemspnumberemspofemspminiaturesemsporemspmoodemsppiecesemspbasedemsponemspsomethingemsplikeemsptheemspTarotemspCardsemsp(butemspnotemsptheemspTarotemspCards)emspaemspkindemspofemspcompressedemspLGT1emspCouldemspbeemspaemspfilmicemspliteraryemsporemspartisticemspsourceemsp
WeemsptalkedemspaboutemspwhatemsptheemsppieceemspmightemspdoemspJonathanemspwouldemsplikeemspsomethingemspthatemsphasemspactionemspbutemspisemspnotemspnecessarilyemspfastemspHeemspshowedemspmeemspaemspcompendiumemspofemsppossibilitiesemspTheemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspaboutemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsptheemspperformeremspAemspmusicemspboxemspboxemspofemsptricksemsptheemspsoundsemspwillemspbeemspuniqueemspintriguingemspandemspnovelemspAemspcrossemspbetweenemspaemspharpemspandemspaemspguitaremspInventionsemspasemspvariationsemspThereemspcouldemspbeemspaemspveryemspsimpleemspharpemspmovementemsp-emspaemspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendemspTryemspnotemsptoemspduplicateemspJonathanrsquosemspfolksongemsparrangementemspideaemspOneemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspjustemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsplsquoTheemspHarpemspofemspOrpheusrsquoemspSympatheticemspStringsemsp6 Metamorphoses after OvidemspasemspaemspmodelemsporemspstartingemsppointemspMetamorphosesemspafteremspBritten
Aemsp lsquoboxemspofemsp tricksrsquoemsp itemsp isemsp easyemsp toemsp supposeemsp thatemsp theemspcompendiumemspwillemspgenerateemsp lsquoset-piecersquoemsp episodesemspandemsp strikingemsp gesturesemsp bloques sonoresemsp thatemsp willemsp quicklyemsp exhaustemsp themselvesemsp leavingemsp theemsp com-poseremspwithemsptheemsptaskemspofemspfindingemspanemspintuitivelyemspcorrectemsparrangementemsptoemspbuildemspaemsplargeremspformemspInemspfactemsptheemspfinishedemspseven-movementemspstructureemspisemspfaremsplessemspobviousemspItemspisemspalreadyemspapparentemspinemsphisemspjottingsemspthatemspStephenemspintendedemsponeemsporemspmoreemspmovementsemsptoemspfocusemsponemspaemspsingleemspsoundemspTheemspcentralemspmove-mentemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsptreatsemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemsponeemspaemspkindemspofemspharpemsporemsplyreemspinemspaemsphypnoticemspexplorationemspofemspaemspsingleemsptechnicalemspideaemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbuildsemsponemspthisemsptechniqueemspmovingemsptwiceemspasemspquicklyemspandemspaddingemspstoppedemspnotesemspandemspten-stringemspsweeps
Theemspremainingemspmovementsemsp-emsptheemsponesemspthatemspcanemspbeemspcalledemspepisodicemsp-emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptoemspveryemspdifferentemspendsemspInemspparticularemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspaemspgenuinelyemspdramaticemspstructureemspinemspthatemspitemspinvokesemspcontrastsemspofemspstabilityemspandemspinstabilityemspstatementemspandemspdevelopmentemspAsemsptableemsp2emspshowsemspitemspisemspinemsponeemspsenseemspaemsplsquoboxemspofemsptricksrsquoemspThereemspareemspfouremspepisodesemspofemspsimilaremsplengthemspeachemsplabelledemspwithemspaemspcharacteremspLight and clearemspStrong and heavyemspScherzandoemspandemspFasteremspEachemspofemsptheseemspepisodesemspdrawsemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsp-emsporemsppresentsemspaemspsimilaremspstronglyemspidiomaticemspeffectemsp-emspinemspaemspclearlyemspdefinedemspwayemspIndeedemspneitheremspguitaremspisemspplayedemspquiteemspconventionallyemspuntilemsptheemspfinalemspsectionemspwhichemspisemspaemspsoloemspforemspten-stringemspguitaremspButemsptheemsplastemspepisodeemspisemspaemsprepriseemspofemsptheemspfirstemsptransformingemspitsemspstaticemspostinato-likeemspfigurationemspintoemspaemspforcefulemspclimaxemspandemspdecayemspTheemsprisingemsppassageemspinemspbarsemsp50ndash54emspisemspmadeemspoutemspofemspmotivesemspfromemsp
1emsp Looking Glass Tiesemsp(2001)emspisemspaemspworkemspbyemspGossemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspdiscussedemspbelowemsp(ppemsp15ndash17)
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
7
1 The standard lsquomodernrsquo 10-string tuning F (top fret 12) G (12) A (12) Low B or C (13) E (14) A (16) D (17) G (18) B (19) E (19) Listen to Jonathanrsquos recordings with the ten-string par-ticularly Beaserrsquos lsquoBarbara Allenrsquo and Poulencrsquos Caprice Parisien (string 7 = low A) and live record-ing of Ohana
2 The 6-string could have an odd tuning and a capo
3 The 10-string could have a capo over the top (or bottom) 6 strings
4 Chord of open strings and harmonic doublings 5 Chromatic clusters and diatonic clusters 6 The 10-string is excellent for bridge percussion 7 Sustained cross-string patterns 8 Rich chord of harmonics 9 2-guitar dialogue hammer-on 6 note chords 10 Strum 6-string with tamb on 10-string 11 Both hands doing hammer-ons on 1 or 2 guitars 12 Hammer-on all 6 strings while playing a chord on
10-string 13 RH trem on 10-string (good on G) with a dramatic
backwards LH hammer-onpull-off melody on 6-string
14 The harp open strings and natural harmonics RH 10-string LH 6-string Harmonic chords at various fretsemsp-emspup to 6 (or 10) notes
15 Harmonic chords dampened higher up (ie pluck fret 12 harmonic and them brush at fret 7 (5 4 etc)
16 Left hand on 10-string can produce very clear hammer-ons in the bass A singing bass line would work well
17 RH harmonic pattern on 10-string cello melody on 6ndashstring
18 RH ostinato on 6-string (pizzharm or as percus-sion instrument) with hammer-on melody on 10-string
19 RH fingered harmonic chords 20 Subtle clustery chords points not big
brushstrokes 21 Big chords across both instruments double
strikes or big gestures
Standard lsquomodernrsquo tuning used with lowest (7th) string in B
Throughout but the capo is removed in lsquoCircersquo replaced in lsquoNarcissusrsquo and then removed again[not used]
[not used][throughout]lsquoPanrsquo lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoCircersquolsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)lsquoPanrsquo lsquoCircersquolsquoAeolusrsquo[not used]
lsquoCircersquo
lsquoOrpheusrsquo lsquoArethusarsquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
lsquoAeolusrsquo lsquoCircersquo
[not used]
lsquoCircersquo though the melody on 6-string turned out to be in open strings and harmonics[not used]
lsquoCircersquolsquoPanrsquo
lsquoCircersquo lsquoNarcissusrsquo (version 2)
Table 1 The Compendium for Oxen of the Sun
Compendium (precompositional) Eventual application in work
8
Foremsptheemspmostemsppartemsptheemspcompendiumemspdealsemspwithemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspdoesemspnotemspreflectemspanemspimportantemspaspectemspofemspouremspdiscussionemspthatemspdayemsptheemspstrikingemspresourcesemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspaffordsemsponemsp itsemspownemspStillemsp theemsp impressionemspthatemsp theemsp tableemspgivesemsp-emspthatemsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp lsquoAeolusrsquoemsplsquoCircersquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(inemspitsemspsecondemspversion)emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptheemspmostemsp-emspcorrespondsemspquiteemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspfinishedemspworkemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemsplsquoSirensrsquoemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemsptheemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemsphardlyemspappliesemspbecauseemsptheemspmovementemspenactsemspaemspgradualemspawakeningemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsplyingemspinemspfrontemspofemsptheemspperformeremspTheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsponlyemspechoesemsptheemspten-stringemspsoloemspbeforeemspbecomingemspsuddenlyemspandemspdramaticallyemspindependentemspinemsptheemspsecondemspmovementemsplsquoPanrsquoemsp
ButemspwhyemspisemsptheemspcompendiumemspspreademspsoemspunevenlyemspoveremsptheemspotheremspmovementsemspStephenemsphademspwrit-tenemspinemsphisemspdiary
TheemsppieceemspmayemspwellemspbeemspaemspnumberemspofemspminiaturesemsporemspmoodemsppiecesemspbasedemsponemspsomethingemsplikeemsptheemspTarotemspCardsemsp(butemspnotemsptheemspTarotemspCards)emspaemspkindemspofemspcompressedemspLGT1emspCouldemspbeemspaemspfilmicemspliteraryemsporemspartisticemspsourceemsp
WeemsptalkedemspaboutemspwhatemsptheemsppieceemspmightemspdoemspJonathanemspwouldemsplikeemspsomethingemspthatemsphasemspactionemspbutemspisemspnotemspnecessarilyemspfastemspHeemspshowedemspmeemspaemspcompendiumemspofemsppossibilitiesemspTheemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspaboutemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsptheemspperformeremspAemspmusicemspboxemspboxemspofemsptricksemsptheemspsoundsemspwillemspbeemspuniqueemspintriguingemspandemspnovelemspAemspcrossemspbetweenemspaemspharpemspandemspaemspguitaremspInventionsemspasemspvariationsemspThereemspcouldemspbeemspaemspveryemspsimpleemspharpemspmovementemsp-emspaemspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendemspTryemspnotemsptoemspduplicateemspJonathanrsquosemspfolksongemsparrangementemspideaemspOneemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspjustemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsplsquoTheemspHarpemspofemspOrpheusrsquoemspSympatheticemspStringsemsp6 Metamorphoses after OvidemspasemspaemspmodelemsporemspstartingemsppointemspMetamorphosesemspafteremspBritten
Aemsp lsquoboxemspofemsp tricksrsquoemsp itemsp isemsp easyemsp toemsp supposeemsp thatemsp theemspcompendiumemspwillemspgenerateemsp lsquoset-piecersquoemsp episodesemspandemsp strikingemsp gesturesemsp bloques sonoresemsp thatemsp willemsp quicklyemsp exhaustemsp themselvesemsp leavingemsp theemsp com-poseremspwithemsptheemsptaskemspofemspfindingemspanemspintuitivelyemspcorrectemsparrangementemsptoemspbuildemspaemsplargeremspformemspInemspfactemsptheemspfinishedemspseven-movementemspstructureemspisemspfaremsplessemspobviousemspItemspisemspalreadyemspapparentemspinemsphisemspjottingsemspthatemspStephenemspintendedemsponeemsporemspmoreemspmovementsemsptoemspfocusemsponemspaemspsingleemspsoundemspTheemspcentralemspmove-mentemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsptreatsemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemsponeemspaemspkindemspofemspharpemsporemsplyreemspinemspaemsphypnoticemspexplorationemspofemspaemspsingleemsptechnicalemspideaemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbuildsemsponemspthisemsptechniqueemspmovingemsptwiceemspasemspquicklyemspandemspaddingemspstoppedemspnotesemspandemspten-stringemspsweeps
Theemspremainingemspmovementsemsp-emsptheemsponesemspthatemspcanemspbeemspcalledemspepisodicemsp-emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptoemspveryemspdifferentemspendsemspInemspparticularemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspaemspgenuinelyemspdramaticemspstructureemspinemspthatemspitemspinvokesemspcontrastsemspofemspstabilityemspandemspinstabilityemspstatementemspandemspdevelopmentemspAsemsptableemsp2emspshowsemspitemspisemspinemsponeemspsenseemspaemsplsquoboxemspofemsptricksrsquoemspThereemspareemspfouremspepisodesemspofemspsimilaremsplengthemspeachemsplabelledemspwithemspaemspcharacteremspLight and clearemspStrong and heavyemspScherzandoemspandemspFasteremspEachemspofemsptheseemspepisodesemspdrawsemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsp-emsporemsppresentsemspaemspsimilaremspstronglyemspidiomaticemspeffectemsp-emspinemspaemspclearlyemspdefinedemspwayemspIndeedemspneitheremspguitaremspisemspplayedemspquiteemspconventionallyemspuntilemsptheemspfinalemspsectionemspwhichemspisemspaemspsoloemspforemspten-stringemspguitaremspButemsptheemsplastemspepisodeemspisemspaemsprepriseemspofemsptheemspfirstemsptransformingemspitsemspstaticemspostinato-likeemspfigurationemspintoemspaemspforcefulemspclimaxemspandemspdecayemspTheemsprisingemsppassageemspinemspbarsemsp50ndash54emspisemspmadeemspoutemspofemspmotivesemspfromemsp
1emsp Looking Glass Tiesemsp(2001)emspisemspaemspworkemspbyemspGossemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspdiscussedemspbelowemsp(ppemsp15ndash17)
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
8
Foremsptheemspmostemsppartemsptheemspcompendiumemspdealsemspwithemspwaysemspofemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspdoesemspnotemspreflectemspanemspimportantemspaspectemspofemspouremspdiscussionemspthatemspdayemsptheemspstrikingemspresourcesemspthatemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremspaffordsemsponemsp itsemspownemspStillemsp theemsp impressionemspthatemsp theemsp tableemspgivesemsp-emspthatemsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp lsquoAeolusrsquoemsplsquoCircersquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(inemspitsemspsecondemspversion)emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptheemspmostemsp-emspcorrespondsemspquiteemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspfinishedemspworkemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemsplsquoSirensrsquoemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemsptheemsprepertoryemspofemsptechniquesemsphardlyemspappliesemspbecauseemsptheemspmovementemspenactsemspaemspgradualemspawakeningemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsplyingemspinemspfrontemspofemsptheemspperformeremspTheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsponlyemspechoesemsptheemspten-stringemspsoloemspbeforeemspbecomingemspsuddenlyemspandemspdramaticallyemspindependentemspinemsptheemspsecondemspmovementemsplsquoPanrsquoemsp
ButemspwhyemspisemsptheemspcompendiumemspspreademspsoemspunevenlyemspoveremsptheemspotheremspmovementsemspStephenemsphademspwrit-tenemspinemsphisemspdiary
TheemsppieceemspmayemspwellemspbeemspaemspnumberemspofemspminiaturesemsporemspmoodemsppiecesemspbasedemsponemspsomethingemsplikeemsptheemspTarotemspCardsemsp(butemspnotemsptheemspTarotemspCards)emspaemspkindemspofemspcompressedemspLGT1emspCouldemspbeemspaemspfilmicemspliteraryemsporemspartisticemspsourceemsp
WeemsptalkedemspaboutemspwhatemsptheemsppieceemspmightemspdoemspJonathanemspwouldemsplikeemspsomethingemspthatemsphasemspactionemspbutemspisemspnotemspnecessarilyemspfastemspHeemspshowedemspmeemspaemspcompendiumemspofemsppossibilitiesemspTheemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspaboutemsptheemspinstrumentemspandemsptheemspperformeremspAemspmusicemspboxemspboxemspofemsptricksemsptheemspsoundsemspwillemspbeemspuniqueemspintriguingemspandemspnovelemspAemspcrossemspbetweenemspaemspharpemspandemspaemspguitaremspInventionsemspasemspvariationsemspThereemspcouldemspbeemspaemspveryemspsimpleemspharpemspmovementemsp-emspaemspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendemspTryemspnotemsptoemspduplicateemspJonathanrsquosemspfolksongemsparrangementemspideaemspOneemsppieceemspwillemspbeemspjustemspnaturalemspharmonicsemsplsquoTheemspHarpemspofemspOrpheusrsquoemspSympatheticemspStringsemsp6 Metamorphoses after OvidemspasemspaemspmodelemsporemspstartingemsppointemspMetamorphosesemspafteremspBritten
Aemsp lsquoboxemspofemsp tricksrsquoemsp itemsp isemsp easyemsp toemsp supposeemsp thatemsp theemspcompendiumemspwillemspgenerateemsp lsquoset-piecersquoemsp episodesemspandemsp strikingemsp gesturesemsp bloques sonoresemsp thatemsp willemsp quicklyemsp exhaustemsp themselvesemsp leavingemsp theemsp com-poseremspwithemsptheemsptaskemspofemspfindingemspanemspintuitivelyemspcorrectemsparrangementemsptoemspbuildemspaemsplargeremspformemspInemspfactemsptheemspfinishedemspseven-movementemspstructureemspisemspfaremsplessemspobviousemspItemspisemspalreadyemspapparentemspinemsphisemspjottingsemspthatemspStephenemspintendedemsponeemsporemspmoreemspmovementsemsptoemspfocusemsponemspaemspsingleemspsoundemspTheemspcentralemspmove-mentemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsptreatsemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemsponeemspaemspkindemspofemspharpemsporemsplyreemspinemspaemsphypnoticemspexplorationemspofemspaemspsingleemsptechnicalemspideaemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbuildsemsponemspthisemsptechniqueemspmovingemsptwiceemspasemspquicklyemspandemspaddingemspstoppedemspnotesemspandemspten-stringemspsweeps
Theemspremainingemspmovementsemsp-emsptheemsponesemspthatemspcanemspbeemspcalledemspepisodicemsp-emspdrawemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsptoemspveryemspdifferentemspendsemspInemspparticularemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspaemspgenuinelyemspdramaticemspstructureemspinemspthatemspitemspinvokesemspcontrastsemspofemspstabilityemspandemspinstabilityemspstatementemspandemspdevelopmentemspAsemsptableemsp2emspshowsemspitemspisemspinemsponeemspsenseemspaemsplsquoboxemspofemsptricksrsquoemspThereemspareemspfouremspepisodesemspofemspsimilaremsplengthemspeachemsplabelledemspwithemspaemspcharacteremspLight and clearemspStrong and heavyemspScherzandoemspandemspFasteremspEachemspofemsptheseemspepisodesemspdrawsemsponemsptheemspcompendiumemsp-emsporemsppresentsemspaemspsimilaremspstronglyemspidiomaticemspeffectemsp-emspinemspaemspclearlyemspdefinedemspwayemspIndeedemspneitheremspguitaremspisemspplayedemspquiteemspconventionallyemspuntilemsptheemspfinalemspsectionemspwhichemspisemspaemspsoloemspforemspten-stringemspguitaremspButemsptheemsplastemspepisodeemspisemspaemsprepriseemspofemsptheemspfirstemsptransformingemspitsemspstaticemspostinato-likeemspfigurationemspintoemspaemspforcefulemspclimaxemspandemspdecayemspTheemsprisingemsppassageemspinemspbarsemsp50ndash54emspisemspmadeemspoutemspofemspmotivesemspfromemsp
1emsp Looking Glass Tiesemsp(2001)emspisemspaemspworkemspbyemspGossemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspdiscussedemspbelowemsp(ppemsp15ndash17)
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
9
Table 2 lsquoAeolusrsquo coordination of the form with extended techniques
section mm character bar no instrumental features
Statement [A] q = 60ndash66 Light and clear 1ndash18 10-string harmonics
6-string tambora on open strings
Development [B] q = 112ndash20 Strong and heavy 19ndash32 Both guitars hammered-on notes with
separate hands
Scherzando 33ndash49 10-string tambora on low strings
resonance transformed into harmonics
10-string improvised tambora on low
strings tinged with harmonics
6-string arpeggio figuration
Reprise [A] Faster 50ndash69 10-string alone played conventionally
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
49
55
62
-6-
p mf
fff
bars 11ndash12
slap strings with side of thumb
fff
pp an echo in the decaying sonority
bar 9
pppp
bar 1
3
Example 3 lsquoAeolusrsquo bars 50ndash69 cross-referenced with ideas from the opening section
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
10
barsemsp10ndash12emspinemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspwhileemsptheemspdecayemsplinksemspbarsemsp1emspandemsp9emspintoemspaemspstutteringemspsequenceemsp(example 3)
InemsptheemspcontextemspofemspthisemsparchemspstructureemsptheemsptwoemspcentralemspepisodesemspemergeemspasemspdevelopmentalemspTheyemsptooemsptakeemspafteremsprhythmsemspandemspmelodicemspshapesemspfromemsptheemspsloweremspopeningemspstatementemspbutemspinemspaemspdistortedemspformemsp(example 4emspshowsemsptheemspbeginningemspofemspeachemspcentralemspepisode)emspTheemspsenseemspofemspdistortionemspisemsppalpableemspinemsptheemspchoiceemspofemsptechniquesemsptakenemspfromemsptheemspcompendiumemspasemspwellemspWhereasemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemsphademspexploitedemsptheemspgamutemspofemspten-stringemspharmonicsemspalreadyemspfamiliaremspfromemsptheemspfirstemsptwoemspmovementsemspStrong and heavyemspasksemspforemspquaversemsptoemspbeemsphammeredemsponemspaemsptechniqueemsp(noemsp11emspinemsptheemspcompendium)emspwhichemspsoundsemspaemspsubsidiaryemspindeterminateemsppitchemspalongemspwithemspeachemspwrittenemspnoteemspInemsptheemspsecondemspepi-sodeemspScherzandoemsptheemspchordsemspmarkedemsptamboraemspareemspproducedemspbyemspstrikingemsptheemspstringsemspwithemspanemspout-stretchedemspfingeremsparoundemspvariousemspharmonicemspnodalemsppointsemsptransformingemsptheemsphighemsppentatonicemsptamb-orasemspofemsptheemspopeningemspstatementemspintoemspaemsplsquodirtyrsquoemspandemspindeterminateemspmixtureemspofemspbassemspclusteremspharmonicsemspandemspnoiseemspHereemspStephenemsphademspinemspmindemsptechniqueemsp6emspinemsptheemspcompendiumemspinemsphisemsporiginalemspdraftemspofemsptheemspScherzandoemspheemsphademspaskedemspforemsplsquosomeemspkindemspofemspmagicalemspbridgeemsppercussionemspsoundrsquoemspleavingemsptheemspexactemsprealisationemspupemsptoemspmeemspButemspweemsphademspdiscussedemspthisemsptechniqueemspofemsplsquoharmonicemsptamborarsquoemspandemspIemspchoseemsptoemspuseemspitemsphereemspbecauseemspIemspthoughtemspitemspwouldemspheightenemsptheemspdevelopmentalemspdistortingemspqualityemspofemsptheemspcen-tralemspepisodes
70
six-stringguitar
Beginning of B (bar 19)
y
f
rh hammer-ons
lh hammer-ons
ten-stringguitar
Beginning of A (bar 1)
w
ppp lv sempre
r i e o p
5
Scherzando
Beginning of Scherzando episode bars 33ndash35
pp lv sempre
harmonic tamb ad lib
bars 2ndash3
p tamb
0
6
Example 4 lsquoAeolusrsquo section Brsquos two episodes take as their starting point distortions of opening material
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
11
IIemsp brittenemspinemspmetamorphosis
InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspOxenemspofemsptheemspSunrsquoemspisemsptheemsptitleemspofemsptheemspfourteenthemspepisodeemspinemspwhichemspJoyceemspre-capitulatesemsp theemsp developmentemsp ofemsp Englishemsp proseemsp inemsp aemsp seriesemsp ofemsp pastichesemsp andemsp parodiesemsp Notemsp thatemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspattemptsemspsuchemspaemspfeatemspinemspmusicemsp-emspinemspfactemsptheemspsevenemspmovementsemspofemspOxen of the SunemspareemspmoreemspstylisticallyemspunifiedemspthanemspinemspmuchemspofemsphisemspoutputemspButemsptheemsptitleemspreflectsemsptheemspdiversityemspofemspstylesemspfoundemspinemspStephenrsquosemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspandemsptheemspmultiplicityemspofemspinspirationsemspforemspOxenrsquosemspschemaemspThreeemspmovementsemsptakeemsptheiremsptitlesemspfromemspepisodesemspfromemspUlyssesemsp(HomeremspandemspJoyce)emsplsquoSirensrsquoemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspandemsplsquoCircersquo2emspTheemspimageemspofemsptheemsptwoemspinstrumentsemspasemspaemsplyreemspdefinesemsptheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspAsemspforemsptheemspremainingemspthreeemsplsquoPanrsquoemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspnotemspjustemsptheiremsptitlesemspbutemsptheiremspmusicalemspmaterialemspmayemspbeemspsourcedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemspSix Metamorphoses after Ovidemspforemspsoloemspoboeemspopemsp49
AemspfewemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxen of the SunemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemspanemsparticleemsponemsponeemspofemsptheemspmajoremspworksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsprepertoireemspBenjaminemspBrittenrsquosemspNocturnal after John Dowlandemspopemsp70emsp(Gossemsp2001)emspAsemspeditoremspofemsptheemspjournalemsp-emspandemspasemspsomeoneemspwhoemspsharedemspStephenrsquosemsppassionateemsppreoccupationemspwithemsptheemspworkemsp-emspIemspenteredemspintoemspaemspprocessemspofemsprevisionemspandemspcollaborationemspwithemspStephenemspthatemspratheremsppresagedemspouremspworkemsponemspOxen of the SunemspWeemspshallemspcomeemspbackemsptoemspNocturnalemspspecificallyemspinemspdueemspcourseemspbutemspStephenemspisemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspthrivesemsponemsptheemspassociationemspofemspideasemspandemspIemspwasemspnotemspsurprisedemsptoemspfindemspthatemspheemspwasemsplookingemspforemspwaysemsptoemspincorporateemsptheemspmusicemspofemspBrittenemspintoemsptheemspnewemsppieceemspOnemspJanuaryemsp24themsp2003emspheemspwroteemspinemsphisemspdiary
Irsquoveemspspentemsptheemspmorningemspthinkingemspandemspreadingemsparoundemsptheemsp16-stringemsppieceemspIemspamemspprettyemspsureemspthatemspitemspwillemspbeemspcalled Oxen of the SunemspOrpheusrsquosemsplyreemsphademsp9emspstringsemsp2emspmoreemspthanemspApollorsquosemsp(9emsp+emsp7emsp=emsp16)emspThereemspwillemspbeemspparallelsemsptoemspThe OdysseyemspandemspUlyssesemspSixemspofemsptheemspmovementsemspwillemspcomeemspfromemsptheemspBrittenemspOvidemspMetamorphosesemspTheyemspwillemspbeemsprecomposedemspexpandingemspandemspcontractingemsptheemsporiginalemspmaterialemspandemspmakingemspuseemspofemsptheemspcompendiumemspSingleemspmodelsemsp
hellipIfemspnotemsp9emspmovementsemspthenemsp7emspIemspmayemspnotemspuseemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementsemspIemspneedemsptoemspworkemsponemspthememspnextemspandemspaemspmovementemspplan
hellipIemspmightemspnotemsprecomposeemspallemsptheemspBrittenemspalthoughemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspgiftemspforemspreflectionsemspinemsptheemspwaterlsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspaemspgoodemsponeemsp-emspaemspfountainemspofemspnotes
WithinemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspStephenemsphademsparrivedemspatemsptheemspplanemspforemsptheemspfinishedemsppiece
IemspdonrsquotemspwantemsptheemspmovementsemsptoemspbeemsplongemspTheemspBrittenemsppiecesemspshouldemspbeemspdistillationsemspconcentrationsemspofemsptheemsporiginalsemspThereemspisemspaemspthemeemspdevelopingemspofemsplustemsptemptationemspandemspretribution
hellipTheemspJoyceemspepisodesemspforemspconsiderationemsparelsquoSirensrsquoemsp-emspseductionemspandemspOrpheusemsplinkemspslowemspandemspsexylsquoCircersquoemsp-emspenchantressemspcfemspKundryemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemsp-emspwindemsphellip
2emsp InemspJoycersquosemspUlyssesemsplsquoTheemspSirensrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp11emsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspisemspepisodeemsp7emspandemsplsquoCircersquoemspisemspepisodeemsp15emsp
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
12
Planemsp3emsp-emspalmostemspfinal1emsp Sirensemsp slowemsp HomerJoyceemsp richemspchordsemspampemspbeautifulemspsong2emsp Panemsp fasteremsp OvidndashBrittenemsp cross-stringemspresonances3emsp Aeolusemsp fastemsp HomerJoyceemsp highemsppitchedemspmotoemspperpetuo4emsp Orpheusemsp mediumemsp TheemspLyreemsp-emspCageemsp openemspstringsemspofemsptheemsplyreemsp7emspampemsp95emsp Arethusaemsp fastemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp waterfallfountainemspmusic6emsp Circeemsp sloweremsp HomerJoyceemsp magicemspmusic7emsp Narcissusemsp slowemsp OvidndashBrittenemsp 2emspguitarsemspinemspdialogue
AsemspanemspavowedemsppluralistemspwithemspanemspambivalentemspattitudeemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspauthorshipemspandemsporiginalityemspStephenemsphasemspmadeemspnoemspsecretemspoveremsptheemspyearsemspofemsphisemspuseemspofemspsamplesemspandemspmodelsemspfromemspotheremspcompos-ersemsppastemspandemsppresentemspSometimesemsptheemspworkemspofemspothersemspisemspechoedemspinemspaemsprelativelyemsprecognisableemspformemspatemspotheremsptimesemspitemspisemspapparentemsponlyemsptoemspthoseemspinemsptheemspknowemspoccludedemspasemspitemspisemspbyemspfiltersemsporemspotheremspdistortionsemspinemsptheemspcompositionalemspprocessemspEitheremspwayemspitemspisemspeasyemsptoemspdwellemsptooemspexclusivelyemsponemspStephenrsquosemspborrow-ingsemspinemspOxenemsptheemspentireemspspanemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspjustemspdiscussedemspprovidesemsponeemspofemspmanyemsppassagesemspthroughoutemsptheemspworkemspthatemspareemspcomposedemspfromemspscratchemspNeverthelessemspmodelsemspandemspsamplesemspaboundemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspisemspbasedemsplooselyemspbutemspaudiblyemsponemspJohnemspCagersquosemsp1948emsppianoemsppieceemspIn a Landscapeemspatemsptimesemspdownemsptoemsptheemspmerestemspgraceemspnoteemsp
TheemspreferencesemsptoemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspdescribeemspaemspcontinuumemspExample 5emspillustratesemsphowemsptheemspfirstemspmovementemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsptoemspbeemsptreatedemsplsquoPanrsquoemspisemsppassedemspthroughemspaemspkindemspofemspinstrumentalemspandemspgesturalemspfilteremspOneemspofemsptheemspsoloemspoboersquosemspparticularemspstrengthsemspliesemspofemspcourseemspinemspexpressiveemspandemspflow-ingemspmelodyemspandemspinemsptheemspopeningemspforteemspandemspmezzo-forteemspphrasesemspBrittenemspevidentlyemspsetemspoutemsptoemspbuildemsphisemsparabesquesemspwithemspnoemspintervalsemspotheremspthanemspdiatonicemspstepsemspencompassingemspjustemspaemspmajoremspninthemspinemspallemspInemspthisemspwayemspBrittenrsquosemspoboeemspconveysemsptheemsprusticemspessenceemspofemspPanrsquosemspfluteemspTheemsptwoemspguitarsemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspareemspcapableemspofemspproducingemsprichemspclustersemspandemspthatemspisemsptheemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspthroughemspwhichemspBrittenrsquosemspmelodicemsparcsemspareemsppassedemspTheemsptuningemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspoffersemspaemspgamutemspofemspharmonicsemspandemspopenemspstringsemspwhichemspcorrespondemspexactlyemsptoemsptheemspdiatonicemspcollectionemspexpressedemspinemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspAsemsptheyemspareemsptransformedemspintoemspclustersemspjustemspenoughemspofemsptheemsporiginalemsplineemspisemspretainedemsptoemspmakeemsptheemspmodelemsprecognisableemsp-emspandemsprecognitionemspsurelyemspisemsponeemspofemsptheemspresponsesemspallowedemspforemspinemspthisemsprecompositionemspIndeedemsptheemsppresentationemspofemsptheemspopeningemsplsquohookrsquoemspisemspstronglyemspmarkedemspasemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovement
RecognitionemsponemsptheemspotheremsphandemspcanemsphardlyemspbeemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspcontrastingemspsoftemspsectionemspthatemspmakesemspupemsptheemspsecondemsppartemspofemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoPanrsquoemspTheemsprepeatedemspnotesemspandemsparchingemspchromaticemspgesturesemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporginalemspareemspverticalisedemspintoemspattenuatedemspchordsemspinemspharmonicsemspdepictingemspaemspstaticemspland-scapeemspthatemspisemspparticularlyemspcharacteristicemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspmodelemspisemspburied
ByemspcontrastemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspbringsemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspmoreemspintoemsptheemspopenemspbyemspfol-lowingemspitsemspmelodicemspoutlineemspandemspdynamicsemspcloselyemspnowemspemployingemspaemspseriesemspofemsppitchemspfiltersemspthatemspbe-ginsemspwithemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspTheemspmomentemspofemspchangeemspfromemsponeemsppitchemspcollectionemsptoemspanotheremspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspbetweenemspmodelemspandemspreworkingemsp(example 6)
InemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxen of the SunemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspBrittenrsquosemspMetamorphosesemspculminatedemspinemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspwhichemsppresentedemspaemspliteralemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(noemsp5emspinemspBrittenrsquosemspset)emsp
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
13
HowemspthisemspmovementemspcameemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspanemspentirelyemspdifferentemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemspaemspquestionemspweemspmustemspsoonemspcomeemsptoemspbutemspfirstemspletemspusemspdiscussemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspwhichemspIemspperformedemspaemspnumberemspofemsptimesemspthroughoutemsp2003emspandemsp2004
5
6
oboe
Britten lsquoPanrsquo from Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
f
Senza misura
f
mf
6
six-string
guitar
Goss lsquoPanrsquo from Oxen of the SunSenza misura take plenty of time
t
ten-string
guitar
f lv sempre
f
f
pp
5 5 7
ff
gently strike strings with index fingerat 19th fret leaving finger on strings
Very slow free and calm
long pause
ppsemi-pizz
pont
pp (accel)
(3)
mf
[Brittenrsquos movement
continueshellip]
long pause
semi-pizz pont
pppsemi-pizz
pont
Attacca Aeolus
7Example 5 Gossrsquos lsquoPanrsquo is derived from Brittenrsquos by converting scales into clusters
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
14
Largamente
10
19
oboe
f espress f
six-string
guitar
Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
f
f
mf cresc
mf
Example 6 Gossrsquos lsquoArethusarsquo is modelled on Brittenrsquos in rhythm contour and modification of pitch collections (bars 1ndash26)
Transcription and appropriation the first lsquoNarcissusrsquo
Althoughemsp theemsp 2003emsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp quotesemsp Brittenrsquosemsp movementemsp unchangedemsp andemsp inemsp itsemsp entiretyemsp (theemspmodelsemsp foremsp lsquoPanrsquoemsp andemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp areemsp truncated)emsp itemsp isemsp somethingemsp moreemsp thanemsp aemsp literalemsp quotationemspforemspasemspexample 7emspshowsemspitemspmakesemspexplicitemsp-emspinemspliveemspperformanceemspvisibleemsp-emsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemsporemspasemspBrittenemspdepictsemspitemspbetweenemspmelodyemspandemspinversionemspThisemspisemsptheemspmostemsppalpableemspinstrumentalemspfilteremspofemspallemspinemspwhichemsponeemspguitaremspbecomesemsptheemspreflectionemspofemsptheemspotheremspandemsptheemspeffectemspofemspitemspbecameemspheightenedemspinemspperformanceemspbyemspaemspdiscoveryemspIemspmadeemspwhileemsppreparingemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspitemspwasemspeasieremsptoemspplayemsptheemsptranscriptionemspifemspIemspreversedemsptheemsparrangementemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspholdingemsptheemspsix-stringemspinemsptheemspnormalemspplayingemsppositionemspandemspputtingemsptheemspten-stringemspguitaremsponemsptheemspbenchemspinemspfrontemspplayingemsptheemspinvertedemspechoesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemsp(asemspinemspexampleemsp7)emspSwappingemsp
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
15
theemsptwoemspguitarsemsparoundemspmadeemspforemspaemsptheatricalemspgestureemsponemspstageemsponeemspthatemsptoemspStephenemspandemspmeemspseemedemsptoemsp embodyemsp theemsp kindemsp ofemsp fulfilmentemsp thatemsp theemsp lastemsp movementemsp wasemsp intendedemsp toemsp representemspemspofemsp theemspBrittenemspmodelemspandemspofemsptheemspapparentlyemspweakeremspsix-stringemspinstrumentemspItemspvisiblyemspmirroredemsptheemspsetemspupemspofemsptheemspprecedingemspmovementsemspatemsptheemspmomentemspthatemsptheemspmirroremspmusicemspbeginsemspAsemsprightemspasemspthisemspdiscov-eryemspfeltemspintuitivelyemspIemspcannotemsprecallemspouremspputtingemspanyemspofemspitemspintoemspwords
ThisemspwasemspscarcelyemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspthatemspStephenemsphademspimportedemspanotheremspcomposerrsquosemsppieceemspinemspitsemspen-tiretyemspintoemspaemspmulti-movementemspworkemspThatemspIemspbelieveemsphademspbeenemspinemsp2001emspinemspLooking Glass TiesemspforemspsoloemspguitaremspThisemspnine-movementemspworkemspisemspnoemsplongeremspavailableemsp(almostemspallemspofemspitsemspmovementsemsphaveemsp
pp piugrave f
Lento piacevole
p cresc
6
mf mf f
10
pp pp pp
f mf
17
p pp
ff pp
Tranquillo22
dim pp dim
rall 26
six-stringguitar
6 6
4
six-stringguitar
mf espress
ten-stringguitar
4
4
Example 7 Goss Oxen of the Sun the first version of lsquoNarcissusrsquo a transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquo from Benjamin Brittenrsquos 6 Metamorphoses after Ovid op 49 This movement was to be replaced with a different one in 2004
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
16
beenemspreworkedemspbyemspStephenemspinemsplateremspcompositions)emspbutemspinemsptheemspplaceemspofemspaemspcentralemspfifthemspmovementemspsoemsptoemspspeakemsponeemspfindsemspaemsptranscriptionemspmadeemspbyemspStephenemspofemspScarlattirsquosemspSonataemspK25emspEvenemsphereemspthereemspisemspaemspfilteremspthoughemspofemspaemspmostemspunusualemspkindemspaemspdirectionemspthatemsptheemspsonataemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemsplsquoinemsptheemspstyleemspofemsptheemspRussianemsppianoemspschoolrsquoemsp-emspStephenemspsuggestsemspaemsprecordingemspofemspMikhailemspPletnevrsquosemspasemspaemspmodelemspInemspthisemspwayemspStephenemsppaysemsptributeemsp-emspinemspadmirationemspIemspbelieveemsp-emsptoemspPletnevrsquosemspwayemspofemspplayingemspScarlattiemspwhileemspwrylyemspseparatingemsptheemspplayingemspstyleemspfromemsptheemspmusicalemspcontentemspItemspisemspaemspseparationemspthatemspmustemspdisconcertemsptheemspperformeremspbecauseemspitemspmakesemspself-consciousemspwhatemspshouldemspbeemspinstinctiveemspandemspasksemsptheemspperformeremsptoemspplayemsptheemspsonataemspaemspcertainemspwayemspirrespectiveemspofemsphowemspheemsporemspsheemspmightemsplsquohearrsquoemsptheemsppieceemspInemspthisemspcontextemspScarlattirsquosemspmusicemspwillemsptendemsptoemspbecomeemspaemspvehicleemspforemsptheemspstyleemspalthoughemspfewemsplistenersemspmayemspbeemspableemsptoemsppinpointemsptheemspprovenanceemspofemsptheemspinterpretiveemspstyleemspsomeemspmightemspsenseemspnonethelessemspthatemsptheemspperformeremspisemspplayingemspaemsprole
TheemsprestemspofemspLooking Glass TiesemspisemsprepleteemspwithemspquotationsemspandemspallusionsemspandemspyetemspitemspprovidesemspnoemspclueemspasemsptoemsptheemsplsquomeaningrsquoemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspsonataemspinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspunlessemspasemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemspdistancingemspstrategiesemspInemsphisemspintroductoryemspnoteemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspStephenemspexplainedemspthatemsplsquotheemspdiverseemspportraitsemspthatemspmakeemspupemspLooking Glass Tiesemspareemspreworkingsemspofemspexistingemsppiecesemspdisplayedemspinemspaemspnewemsplightemspandemspfromemspaemspdifferentemspperspectiveemsp-emsppiecesemspthroughemsptheemsplookingemspglassrsquoemspThisemspisemspputtingemspitemspmildlyemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspScarlattiemspwhichemspelevatesemsptheemsparrangeremsptoemsptheemspstatusemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemspsonatarsquosemspintrusiveemsppresenceemspaggressivelyemspdeniesemsptraditionalemspexpectationsemspofemsporiginalityemspAndemspifemspdoubtsemspariseemspinemsptheemspmindemspofemsptheemsplisteneremsp-emspisemspthisemspisemspaemspgimmickemsp-emspthenemspStephenemspcouldemspreplyemspthatemspheemspisemsptheemspcom-poseremspofemspthoseemspdoubts
SimilaremspappropriationsemspinemspStephenrsquosemspoutputemsphelpemsptoemspdefineemsphisemspnotionemspofemspquotationemspandemspitsemsproleemspInemspanotheremspsoloemspguitaremspworkemspRaise the Red Lanternemspcommissionedemspinemsp2004emspbyemsptheemspChineseemspvir-tuosoemspXuefeiemspYangemspforemspanemspalbumemspofemspworksemspwithemspaemspChineseemspthemeemspaemsptranscriptionemspagainemspfeaturesemspthisemsptimeemspofemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemsptheemspthirdemspsongemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspDas Lied von der ErdeemspMahlerrsquosemspsong-symphonyemspisemspbasedemsponemspChineseemsptextsemspalthoughemsptheemsptextemspisemsplostemspinemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspsoloemspguitaremsptheemspchinoiserieemspofemsptheemspmusicemspisemspunmistakableemspTheemspmainemsptestemspforemsptheemspculturallyemspawareemsplisteneremspthenemspisemsptoemsprecogniseemspMahlerrsquosemspmusicemspatemspallemspbeforeemspponderingemsponemsptheemspsignificanceemspofemsptheemspquotationemspamongemspmovementsemspwhichemspotherwiseemspalludeemsptoemsprecentemspChineseemspcinema
MahleremspappearsemspagainemspinemspStephenrsquosemsp2004emspguitaremspduoemspThe Raw and the CookedemspTheemspfifthemspmove-mentemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemsptranscribesemspaemspsongemspfromemspDes Knaben WunderhornemsplsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspwhichemspMahleremsphademsphimselfemspadaptedemspforemsptheemspScherzoemspofemsphisemspSecondemspSymphonyemspInemspThe Raw and the CookedemspitemspisemspprecededemspbyemspanotheremsptranscriptionemspthisemsptimeemspofemsptheemspeighthemspsongemspfromemspSchumannrsquosemspDichterliebe lsquoUndemspwuumlszligtenrsquosemspdieemspBlumenemspdieemspkleinersquoemspAsemspalwaysemsp inemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspwitemspisemsppartemspofemsptheemspmotivationemsptheemsptranscriptionemspcontinuesemspinnocentlyemspintoemsptheemspintroductionemsptoemspDichterliebersquosemspnextemspsongemsplsquoDasemspistemspeinemspFloumltenemspundemspGeigenrsquoemspbutemspbeforeemsplongemspSchumannrsquosemspmusicemspturnsemspseamlesslyemspintoemspMahlerrsquos
Theemsp linkemsp betweenemsp Schumannrsquosemsp lsquoDasemsp istemsp einemsp Floumltenemsp undemsp Geigenrsquoemsp andemsp Mahleremspemspbothemsp lsquoDesemspAntoniusemspvonemspPaduaemspFischpredigtrsquoemspandemsptheemspSecondemspSymphonyemspScherzoemspemsphasemspbeenemspdiscussedemspex-tensivelyemspinemsptheemspMahleremspliteratureemspAbbateemsppointsemsptoemsptheemspmusicalemspconnectionsemsp(1991emsp265emspn13)emspbe-foreemspturningemsptoemsptheemspconnectionemspbetweenemsptheemspHeineemsppoememspofemspSchumannrsquosemspsongemspandemspMahlerrsquosemspownemsp
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
17
descriptionemspofemsptheemspsymphonicemspscherzoemspButemspinemspThe Raw and the Cookedemspwhatemsphademsppreviouslyemspbeenemspshownemspinemspproseemspandemsptheemspoddemspmusicalemspexample isemspnowemspilluminatedemspinemspperformanceemspspaceemspthoughemspstillemspatemspaemspdistanceemsp-emsptheseemspareemspguitarsemspweemspareemsphearingemspafteremspallemspandemsptheemsptitleemsplsquoCaughtemspBetweenrsquoemspun-derscoresemsptheemspdoubtemspasemsptoemspwhoseemspmusicemspthisemspisemspwhetheremspSchumannrsquosemsporemspMahlerrsquosemspFinallyemsptheemsplis-teneremsptoemspStephenrsquosemspversionemspinemspThe Raw and the CookedemspmightemspwellemspbeemspremindedemspviaemspLeacutevi-StraussemspasemspwellemspasemsptheemspmusicemspitselfemspofemspBeriorsquosemspreworkingemspofemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspinemsphisemspSinfonia (1968ndash9)emspBeriorsquosemspmasterpieceemspisemspaemsplocus classicusemspofemsppostmodernismemspinemspmusicemspwithemspitsemspceaselessemspdivagationsemspintoemspquotationsemspfromemspotheremspmusicalemspmasterpiecesemspandemsptheemspanxiousemspreflectionsemsponemsporiginalityemsppursuedemspinemsptheemspsingersrsquoemsptextsemspGossemspreversesemspBeriorsquosemspconceptionemspbyemsppointingemspMahlerrsquosemspScherzoemspbackemsptowardsemspitsemspsource
Inemspallemspofemsptheseemspexamplesemspthenemsptheemsplisteneremspisemspdrawnemspintoemspaemspmazeemspofemspreferentsemspwhichemspcanemspneveremspbeemspgroundedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspstructureemspsinceemsptheseemspblockemspquotationsemspareemspnotemspintegratedemspintoemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemsptoemspcommentemsponemspitselfemspitsemspownemspaimsemspandemspexpressiveemspaspirationsemspinemspanemspunsettlingemsp(ifemspoftenemsplight-hearted)emspwayemspNoremspisemspthisemsptheemspambiguityemspandemspopen-endednessemspofemsptheemspsymbolismemspofemspaemsphundredemspyearsemspbeforeemspinemspwhichemsptheemspveryemspwordlessnessemspofemspmusicemspwasemspcelebratedemspthereemspcanemspbeemsplittleemspdoubtemspthatemspStephenemspintendsemsptoemspprovokeemspamongemspotheremspthingsemspthoughtemspinemsptheemspformemspofemspwordsemsp-emspverbalemspassociationemspandemspaemspkindemspofemspwordplayemspencodedemspinemsptheemspmusicemspnotemspsymbolismemspbutemspsemiosisemspinemsptheemspliteraryemspsenseemspthatemspmodernemspthoughtemsphasemsptendedemsptoemspgiveemspitemspanemspinterestemspinemspmusicemspasemsptext
Sinceemsp theemsp lateemsp nineteenthemsp centuryemsp transcriptionsemsp haveemsp featuredemsp heavilyemsp inemsp theemsp repertoireemsp ofemspmanyemspguitaristsemspOneemspofemsptodayrsquosemspleadingemspplayersemspPaulemspGalbraithemspplaysemsptranscriptionsemspalmostemspex-clusivelyemspandemspaemspcommentemsponemsphisemspwebsiteemsprepresentsemspIemspthinkemsptheemspcredoemspofemspallemsppractitionersemspofemsptheemspartemsplsquoItrsquosemspsoemspeasyemsptoemspplayemsptranscriptionsemspinemspaemspwayemspthatemspmerelyemspexcitesemspnostalgiaemspforemsptheemsporiginalemspver-sionemspTheemspgreatemspthingemspisemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemsptoemspbeemspconvincingemsptoemsptheemsppointemspthatemspyouemspfeelemspitemspwasemsporig-inallyemspconceivedemspforemspyouremspinstrumentrsquoemsp(Galbraithemsp2004)emspAsemspaemspguitaristemsphimselfemspspecialisingemspinemsptwoemspareasemspwithemspaemspscarcityemspofemsprepertoireemsp-emspguitaremspquartetemspandemspvoiceemspandemspguitaremsp-emspStephenemspGossemsphasemspmadeemspmanyemsptranscriptionsemspthatemspreflectemsptheseemspvaluesemspthoughemspincreasinglyemspthoseemsptooemsphaveemspbecomeemspincreasinglyemsplsquounfaithfulrsquoemspandemspallusive3emspInemsphisemspcompositionsemsptheemsptranscriptionsemspareemspdoneemspjustemspasemspskilfullyemsponeemspsuspectsemsphoweveremspthatemsptoemspsoundemsplsquooriginallyemspconceivedemspforemsptheemspinstrumentrsquoemspisemspfaremspfromemsphisemspaimemspIndeedemspfewemspguitaristsemspsurelyemspwouldemspconsideremspprogrammingemspaemspstraightforwardemsptranscriptionemspofemspsayemsplsquoVonemspderemspJugendrsquoemspforemspexactlyemsptheemspreasonsemspthatemspGalbraithemspadducesemspButemspplaceemsptheemspworkemspwithinemspprotectiveemspquotationemspmarksemspasemspRaise the Red LanternemspdoesemspandemspperformingemspitemspbecomesemspaemsppossibilityemspTheemspguitarrsquosemsptimbreemspandemspperhapsemspevenemsptheemspguitaristrsquosemspstrugglesemsptoemsprealiseemspsomethingemsplikeemspaemspMahleremspsongemspforemsptenoremspandemsporchestraemspbothemspmakeemsptheiremspironicemsppointemspTheemspmoreemspawareemsptheemsplisteneremspbecomesemsptheemspfurtheremspawayemsptheemspmusicemspseemsemspwhetheremspthroughemsptheemspdistanc-ingemspactionemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemsporemspthroughemsptheemspdistancingemspappealemsptoemspverbalemsp(andemspoftenemsperudite)emspthoughtemsp-emspandemspthenemspmostemspdrasticallyemsptheemspinsoucianceemsptowardsemspnotionsemspofemspcompositionalemspvoiceemspandemsptheemspsanctityemspofemsptheemspworkemsp
3emsp SeeemspforemspexampleemspCarmen Fantasyemsp(1998)emspandemspGnossiennes after Erik Satieemsp(2002)emspbothemspforemspguitaremspquartet
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
18
ByemspnowemspitemspisemspperhapsemspclearemspjustemsphowemspexceptionalemsptheemspfinalemspquotationemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspversionemspofemspOxenemspwasemspForemsponeemspthingemsptheemsptranscriptionemspworksemspalmostemspinemsptheemsptraditionalemspwayemsp-emspstunninglyemspsoemspasemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspeachemspphraseemspandemspitsemspinversionemspfallsemsponemsptoemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspasemspthoughemspintendedemspforemspthememspForemspanotheremspitsemspappearanceemspandemspplacementemspareemsppartemspofemspaemspmuchemspmoreemsptraditionallyemspcoherentemspschemeemspthanemspisemsppresentemspinemspanyemspofemsptheemspworksemspjustemspdiscussedemspAtemspleastemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspknowemsptheemspMetamorphoses after OvidemspthereemspisemspnotemsponlyemspintegrationemspwithinemsptheemspworkemspasemspaemspwholeemspbutemspalsoemspaemspsenseemspofemspprogressionemsplsquoPanrsquoemspbrieflyemspalludesemspclearlyemsptoemspBrittenemspbeforeemspbury-ingemspitemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsppartlyemsprevealsemspitsemspmodelemspbyemspparaphrasingemspitemspthroughoutemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspatemsplastemspstatesemspBrittenemspliterallyemspandemspinemspfullemspAboveemspallemspitemspbringsemspanemspelementemspofemspvariationemsptoemsptheemspmulti-movementemspformemspExample 8emspshowsemsphowemspanemspinversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspisemsptheemsppointemspofemspdepartureemspforemsptheemspwholeemspworkemspSinceemspBrittenrsquosemsp lsquoNarcissusrsquoemspalsoemspinvertsemspitsemspmelodyemspinemspitsemspcall-and-responseemspformemsptheemspcon-nectionemspisemsppartlyemspmadeemspforemsptheemsplisteneremspwhenemsptheemspfinalemspmovementemsparrivesemspThisemspopeningemspmovementemsplsquoSirensrsquoemspisemspofemspcourseemsponeemspofemsptheemsplsquoJoyceanrsquoemspmovementsemspinemsptheemspsetemspandemspanotheremspversionemspofemsptheemspmelodyemspappearsemspinemsponeemspofemsptheemspothersemsplsquoCircersquo
ByemspstatingemspitsemspmelodyemspclearlyemspthenemsptheemsporiginalemspversionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspbringsemspaemspsenseemspofemspcom-pletionemspevenemspresolutionemsptoemspbothemspthreadsemspinemsptheemspworkemspBrittenemspandemspJoyceemspTheemspcentralemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsp standsemsp outsideemsp theemsp processemsp Deepemsp inemsp theemsp backgroundemsp Oxenemsp becomesemsp aemsp theme-and-emspvariationemspsetemspinemspwhichemsptheemspthemeemspisemspplacedemspatemsptheemspendemspThisemspisemsptheemspveryemspformemspadoptedemspbyemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspNocturnalemspwhichemspStephenemspandemspIemsphademspworkedemsponemspaemspcoupleemspofemspyearsemspbeforeemspOxenemsp(asemspwellemspasemspotheremspBrittenemspworksemspsuchemspasemspLachrymaeemspforemspviolaemspandemsppiano)emspItemspisemspworthemsprecallingemsptooemspthatemspvariationsemspwereemspalreadyemspaemsppossibilityemspinemspStephenrsquosemspmindemspinemsptheemspdiaryemspentryemspquotedemspaboveemsplsquoInventionsemspasemspvari-ationsemsphellip[A]emspthemeemspinemsptheemspmiddleemsporemspatemsptheemspendrsquoemspToemsptheemspextentemspthatemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emspinemspitsemspfirstemspversionemsp-emspisemspaemsp theme-and-variationemspsetemsp thereemsp isemspnothingemspshockingemspaboutemsptheemsppresenceemspofemspanemspen-tireemspmovementemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspmoreemsptraditionalemspthanemsptoemspquoteemsptheemspthemeemsponemspwhichemsptheemsprestemspofemsptheemspworkemspisemspbased
SoemspitemspwasemspthatemspinemspMarchemsp2003emspIemspperformedemspOxen of the Sunemspforemsptheemspfirstemsptimeemspwithemsptheemsptran-scriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspasemsptheemspclosingemspmovementemspAndemspyetemspparadoxicalemspasemspitemspmayemspsoundemsp
Copyright copy 2005 Cadenza Music
Britten Narcissus bar 11 echo
6
Goss Sirensmp
rt
Goss Circe (line 3 in opening section)
f
2
Example 8 Comparison of Brittenrsquos lsquoNarcissusrsquo with Gossrsquos lsquoSirensrsquo and lsquoCircersquo
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
19
coherenceemsponemspsoemspmanyemsplevelsemspwasemsptooemspgoodemsptoemspbeemsptrueemspespeciallyemspinemspaemspworkemspbyemspStephenemspGossemspwhoemsprevelsemspinemsphintsemspdiscontinuitiesemspandemspblindemspalleysemspInemsponeemspwayemspOxen of the SunemspmarksemspaemspturningemsppointemspinemspStephenrsquosemspattitudeemsptoemspmulti-movementemspformemspawayemspfromemsppluralistemsppotpourriemsptowardsemspaemspgreateremspdegreeemspofemspinterrelationemspbetweenemsptheemspmovementsemspPerhapsemspStephenrsquosemspSonataemspforemspguitaremspofemsp2006emspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspbeenemspwrittenemspwithoutemspOxenemspButemsptheemspmovementemspthatemsptiesemspsoemspmanyemspthreadsemspto-getheremsptheemsptranscriptionemspofemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspwasemsptoemspbeemspreplacedemspwithemspaemspnewemspfinaleemspthatemspwouldemspleaveemsptheemspstructureemspmoreemspopen-endedemspmoreemsptantalisingemspyetemspmoreemspcathartic
A New lsquoNarcissusrsquo
AfteremsptheemsppremiereemspIemspwasemspsurprisedemspthatemsptheemsponlyemspreviewemsp(inemspClassical Guitaremspmagazine)emspdidemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspasemspmentionemsptheemspextensiveemspquotationemspatemsptheemspcloseemspofemsptheemspworkemsp(theemspmovementemspappearedemspinemsptheemspprogrammeemspasemsplsquoNarcissusemsp[Britten]rsquo)emspButemsptheemspworkemspwasemspreceivedemspallemsptheemspsameemspwithemspsomeemspexcitementemsp andemsp notemsp onlyemsp foremsp itsemsp ostentatiousemsp instrumentalemsp conceptemsp manyemsp listenersemsp foundemsp theemspworkemsptouchingemspAemspfewemspitemspisemsptrueemspfoundemsptheemsppreponderanceemspofemspslowemspandemspquietemspmusicemspexcessiveemspbutemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspworkemspwasemspaskingemsplistenersemsptoemspacceptemspthisemsppreponderanceemspinemspaemsplegitimateemspwayemspthatemspre-mindedemspmeemspofemsptheemspmusicemspofemspFedericoemspMompou
EvenemspsoemspalthoughemspIemspwasemspdelightedemspwithemsptheemspworkemspandemspplayedemspitemspinemspalmostemspeveryemsprecitalemspforemsptheemspnextemspeighteenemspmonthsemspIemspfeltemspthatemsptheemspendingemspwasemspnotemspasemspeffectiveemspasemspitemspmightemspbeemspTheemspsenseemspofemspre-leaseemspthatemspmightemspbeemspprovidedemspbyemspBrittenrsquosemspmoreemsptraditionalemsptonalityemspandemspphraseemspstructureemspdoesemspnotemspcomeemspoutemspofemspanyemspagitationemsptheemsponlyemspbigemspclimaxemsphappensemspratheremspearlyemsptowardsemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspItemspseemedemsptoemspmeemspthatemsptheemspendemspofemsplsquoCircersquoemspneededemsptoemspextendemspandemspaccelerateemspintoemspaemspclimaxemspatemspleastemspasemspbigemspandemsptoemspprojectemspaemspvirtuosicemspimageemspforemsptheemsplastemsptimeemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspBrittenemspquotationemspratheremspasemsptheemspfinalemsppassacagliaemspofemspNocturnalemspdoesemspbeforeemspsettlingemspintoemsptheemspmusicemspofemspDowland
SomethingemspelseemspwasemsponemspmyemspmindemspMyemspsenseemspofemsptheemsppossibilitiesemspofemsptheemsptwo-guitaremspcombinationemsphademspdevelopedemspsomewhatemspthroughemsptheemspexperienceemspofemspworkingemsponemspOxenemspNewemspwaysemspofemspcreatingemspaemspcontinuousemsptextureemspwithemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsp-emspmoreemsprapidemspthanemspthatemspofemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemsporemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsp-emsphademspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspandemspIemspwasemsphopingemsptoemsphaveemspthememspincorporatedemspintoemspsomeemspextraemsppassageemspjustemsplikeemsptheemsponeemspdescribedemsporemspevenemspintoemspanotheremspsoloemspforemsptwoemspguitarsemspIemsphademspfoundemsponeemspofemspthememspwhileemspplay-ingemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspAtemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspdialogueemspbetweenemspNarcissusemspandemsphisemspreflectionemspIemsphademspslightlyemspredistributedemspBrittenrsquosemsppart-writingemspforemsptheemspsakeemspofemspmoreemspspeedemspandemspeaseemsp(example 9)emspInemspthisemspredis-tributionemsptheemsprightemsphandemspplucksemspopenemspstringsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspandemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphammersemsponemspandemsppullsemspoffemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspotheremspBothemsptheemspspeedemspandemsptheemspsonorityemspofemspthisemsptechniqueemspareemspratheremspstrikingemspandemspmuchemspmoreemspobviouslyemspvirtuosicemspthanemspanythingemspIemsphademspbeenemspableemsptoemspshowemspStephenemspinemsptheemsppastemspItemspoccurredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspaemspwholeemsprangeemspofemsptetrachordsemspcouldemspbeemspplayedemspthisemspwayemsp-emspprobablyemspenoughemsptoemspmakeemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspdespiteemsptheemsplimitationemspthatemsptwoemspofemsptheemspfouremspnotesemspmustemspbeemspopenemspstrings
Inemsp shortemsp Iemsp hademsp developedemsp asemsp anemsp exponentemsp ofemsp thisemsp Siamese-twin-likeemsp combinationemsp preciselyemspbecauseemspofemspplayingemspOxen of the SunemspIndeedemsptwoemspfurtheremspadditionsemsptoemsptheemspcompendiumemsphademspoc-curredemsptoemspmeemspthatemspIemspfeltemsppushedemsptheemspboundariesemspofemsptheemspmediumemsptowardsemspgreateremspvirtuosityemspandemsp
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
20
Example 9 lsquoNarcissusrsquo (first version) the approach to the climax
22
oboe
six-stringguitar
ten-stringguitar
Britten lsquoNarcissusrsquo
ff
Goss transcription of lsquoNarcissusrsquoright hand
ff
left hand alone
dramaemspTheemspfirstemsppossibilityemspwasemspthatemspofemspcombiningemspfullemspstrummedemspchordsemsponemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspwithemspchordsemsphammeredemsponemspbyemsptheemspleftemsphandemspTheemspalternationemspofemsphandsemspwouldemspgiveemsptimeemsptoemspmoveemsprapidlyemspbetweenemspguitarsemspandemspalthoughemspitemspwouldemspbeemspdifficultemsptoemsphammeremsponemspanythingemspotheremspthanemspbarredemspchordsemspsomeemspinterestingemspharmoniesemspmightemspstillemspemergeemspfromemsptheemspcombinationemspofemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsponeemspguitaremspwithemsptheemspbarredemspchordemspofemsptheemspotheremspTheemspotheremsptechniqueemspwhichemspIemsphademspbeenemspexperimentingemspwithemspwasemspagainemspratheremsptiedemsptoemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspbutemspwasemspcapableemspofemspgeneratingemspsomeemspspeedemspandemspthatemspwasemspsimplyemsptoemspalternateemsptheemsprightemspandemspleftemspthumbsemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitars
MeanwhileemspweemspwereemspstartingemsptoemsplookemsptowardsemsptheemsppossibilityemspofemsppublishingemspandemsprecordingemspOxenemspandemsptheemspquestionemspofemspcopyrightemsptoemsptheemspBrittenemspmovementemspremainedemspaemspnaggingemsponeemspStephenemsphademspcontactedemsptheemspBrittenemspestateemspandemspobtainedemsppermissionemspforemsptheemsptranscriptionemspbutemspweemspwonderedemsphowemsptheemspestateemspmightemspreactemsptoemspitsemspincorporationemspintoemspaemspworkemspbyemspanotheremspcomposeremspnotemspleastemspinemspaemsprecord-ingemspAtemsptheemspsameemsptimeemspStephenemsphademspalwaysemspintendedemsptoemsprevisitemspandemspreviseemsptheemspworkemspsinceemspheemsphademspbeenemspunderemspsomeemsppressureemsptoemspcompleteemspitemspinemspgoodemsptimeemspforemsptheemspfirstemspperformanceemspHeemspagreedemspinemspprincipleemspwithemsptheemspsuggestionemspofemspplacingemspanotheremspclimaxemspafteremsplsquoCircersquoemspbutemsptoemspmyemspsurpriseemspbeganemspinsteademsptoemspplanemspanemspentirelyemspnewemspfinalemspmovementemspstillemspentitledemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspInemspDecemberemsp2004emspIemspstayedemspwithemspStephenemspforemspaemspcoupleemspofemspdaysemspsoemspthatemspweemspcouldemspworkemsponemsptheemspnewemsptechniquesemsptoemspbeemspusedemsp
BeforeemspmyemspvisitemspStephenemsphademspalreadyemspmadeemspaemspplanemspforemsptheemspmovement
IdeasemspforemspaemspnewemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp29themspNovemberemsp2004emsp
Tuning10-stringemspopenemsp-emsp6-stringemspwithemspaemspcapoemspatemspfretemsp4Thisemspgeneratesemspaemsp9-noteemsp2-octaveemspopen-stringemspscaleemspbuiltemspusingemspmajoremsp3rdsemspandemspsemitonesEemspGemspAemspCemspDemspFemspGemspBemspDemspE(ItrsquosemspveryemspsimilaremsptoemspmyemspHCEemspscaleemsp-emspBemspnaturalemspCemspEemsp-emspwhichemspgeneratesemspaemsp24-noteemspscaleemspoveremsptwoemspoctavesemspwithemspeveryemspchromaticemspnoteemsptwiceemspbyemspalternatingemspminoremsp2ndsemspandemspmajoremsp3rds)4Aemspbeautifulemspopen-stringemspstrumemspisemsp6-stringemsptop-downemsp10-stringemspbottom-up
4emsp emspTheemspreferenceemsphereemspisemsptoemspaemspcollectionemspusedemspinemspGossrsquosemspDreamchildemsp(1994ndash5)emspaemspsongemspcycleemspforemspsopranoemspandemsplargeemsp
ensembleemsp
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
21
The PieceTheemsppieceemspwillemspstartemsponemspBemsp-emsptheemspfulcrumemspnoteemspinemsptheemspscaleemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspalternatingemsp(2ndemspstringemsponemsp10-stringemsp3rdemspstringemsponemsp6-string)emspSomeemspkindemspofemspsingle-noteemspfastemsppassageemspwithemspoccasionalemsp2-noteemspchordsemspwithemsponeemspnoteemspperemspguitaremspThereemspmayemspbeemspechoemspmomentsemsporemspreflectiveemsppauses
AsemsptheemsppieceemspgainsemspenergyemspandemspmomentumemspandemsptheemspintensityemspbuildsemspupemspchordsemspalternateemspquicklyemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspGinastera-styleemspstrumemspdampingemsphelpsemsptoemspaccentuateemsptheemsprhythmemspTheemsprhythmemspshouldemspbeemspirregularemspwithemspgroupsemspofemsp2emsp3emsp4emspandemsp5emspallemspmixedemspupemspAemspclimaxemsporemspcrisisemspmomentemspisemspreachedemspIemspamemspundecidedemspaboutemsptheemspendingemsp-emspeitheremspaemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemsporemspaemspwindemspdownemspAemspdanceemsptoemsptheemspdeathemspprobablyemspSomethingemspinsanelyemspvirtuosicemsp
OKemspthatrsquosemspitemspsoemspfaremspItemspwouldemspbeemspmostemspusefulemspifemspweemspcouldemspgetemsptogetheremspandemspworkemspsomethingemspfinalemspoutemspIemsphaveemspsoemspmanyemspquestionsemspaboutemsphandsemspandemsppositionemspandemspwhatemspthingsemspsoundemsplikeemspIemspwantemsptoemspuseemspaemspnumberemspofemspthingsemspthatemspweemspdiscussedemsplastemsptimeemspbutemspIemspwonderemsphowemspmuchemspfurtheremspweemspcouldemspgoemspIemspthinkemspifemspweemspspentemspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemsptogetheremspIemspcouldemspfinishemspthingsemspoffemspquiteemspquicklyemspItemspmayemspjustemspbeemspaemspcaseemspofemspgettingemspyouemsptoemspimproviseemsparoundemsptheseemspideasemspandemspthenemsptakeemspallemsptheemspgesturesemspandemspfinaliseemsptheemsppieceemspCollaborationemspindeed
Example 10emspillustratesemsptheemsptuningemspandemsppitchemspcollectionemspreferredemsptoemspinemsptheemspquotedemsppassageemspItemspwasemspclearemspthatemsptheemspopen-stringemspgamutemspprovidedemspbyemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementsemspneededemspvaryingemspforemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspjustemspasemspimportantlyemsptheemspnewemspnoteemspcollectionemsphademspaemspunisonemspBemspsurroundedemspbyemspsymmetri-calemspintervalsemspsuggestingemspNarcissusrsquosemspreflectionemspinemsptheemspwater
IemsphademspalreadyemspmentionedemsptoemspStephenemspthatemspIemsphademspnewemspideasemspforemspfastemspopen-stringemsppassageworkemspandemspstrummingemsponemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspNowemspIemsphademsptoemspshowemsphimemspmyemspideaemspforemsptheemspfastemsptetrachordsemsp-emspIemsphademspalsoemspfoundemspthatemspIemspcouldemspplayemspharmonicsemspwithemsptheemsprightemsphandemspaloneemspinsteademspofemspopenemspstringsemspmak-ingemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspplayemsptetrachordsemspinemsptheemsphighemspregisteremspAndemspsoemspitemspwasemspthatemspweemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemspimprovisingemsponemsptheseemsptechniquesemsp(IemspplayedemspandemspStephenemspmadeemspsuggestions)emspuntilemspweemsphademspdiscov-eredemspsomeemspparticularlyemspattractiveemspsoundsemspunisonsemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptetrachordsemspwithemspbothemspopenemspstringsemspandemspharmonicsemspandemspbassemspstringsemspthatemspwouldemspcombineemspwithemspthememspandemspcombinationsemspofemspstrummedemspopen-stringemspchordsemsponemsponeemspguitaremspwithemspbaremspchordsemsphammeredemsponemsptoemsptheemspotheremspgui-taremspAfteremspaemspcoupleemspofemsphoursemspevenemsptheemsporderemspinemspwhichemsptheseemspideasemspwouldemspoccuremsphademspbeenemspdecidedemspStephenemsprecordedemspouremspimprovisingemspandemsplateremspwroteemsptheemspshapeemspdownemspwithemspsomeemspextraemspdetailsemspinemsphisemspdiary
30emspDecemberemsp2004Narcissus2Section 1StartsemspwithemspopenemspBsemspplayedemspwithemsptheemspthumbs
Example 10 Tuning for lsquoNarcissusrsquo and nine-note scale
10-string guitar 6-string guitar(capo at fret 4)
scale on nine open strings
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
22
Movingemsptoemspthumbsemsponemspallemsptheemspotheremspstringsemsp10ndash6emspallemsptheemsptimeemspemspMovementemsptoemsptheemspFsemsponeemspopenemsp(6-string)emsponeemspasemspanemspoctaveemspharmonicemsp(10-string)GradualemspdescentemsptoemsptheemsplowemspGsemsploudemspandemspstrong
Section 2LowemspopenemspstringsemspareemspusedemsptoemspcolouremsptheemspGemspparticularlyemspFemspandemsplowemspBGraduallyemspthisemspmovesemspintoemsptheemsp4-noteemsppatternemspemspTheemsp4-noteemsptetrachordemsporemsptrichordemsppatternsemspworkemsptheiremspwayemspupemsp(notemspdirectly)emsptoemsptheemspDemspEemspCemspBemspTheseemspshouldemsptryemsptoemspcontainemsp3emspopenemspstringsemspandemsponeemspstoppedemspnoteemspHandsemspcanemspbeemspchangedemspbyemspgoingemspbackemsptoemspBsemspandemspslowingemspdownemspenoughemsptoemspswapemspoveremspDownemsptoemsptripletsemspandemspdupletsemspinemsptimeemspratheremspthanemsprallentandoemspSlowingemspdownemspandemspspeedingemspupemspwillemsphelpemspOpenemspstringsemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspsoundemspveryemspgoodemsphereemsp-emsptrackemsp4emsp[onemsprecording]emsp
Section 3Theemspbassemspnotesemspareemspgraduallyemspaddedemsp-emsptheemspAemspandemspCemsptogetheremspsomeemspsubtleemspdissonancesGraduallyemsptheemspstrummingemsptakesemspoveremspandemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremoved
Section 4Theemspstrummingemspsection
Section 5Theemspfinalemspgestureemsp emsp1emspbothemspopenemspstringemspsetsemspplayedemsptogetheremsp2emsp10-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp3emsp6-stringemsp12themspfretemspharmonicemspsemi-dampingemsp4emspfade
Becauseemspthisemspmovementemspgrewemspoutemspofemspliveemspimprovisationemsplearningemsptheemspfinishedemspcompositionemsppre-sentedemsp perhapsemsp feweremsp difficultiesemsp thanemsp anyemsp ofemsp theemsp previousemsp movementsemsp Iemsp suggestedemsp onlyemsp oneemspchangeemsptoemsptheemspfinishedemspscoreemspandemspthatemspwasemsptwoemspinsertemsptwoemspclimacticemspchordsemspinemsphighemspharmonicsemsprightemspbeforeemsptheemspfinalemspopen-stringemspgestureemspInemspexampleemsp11emsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspareemspmarkedemspinemspbaremsp34emsp(inemsptheemsplastemsplineemspofemsptheemspexample)emspAfteremsptheseemspchordsemspcomesemsptheemspgestureemspdescribedemspinemspsectionemsp5emspofemspStephenrsquosemspplanemspwhichemspsoundsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemspbothemspguitarsemspandemspconvertsemspthememsptoemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspIemspfeltemspthatemspthisemspgestureemspwhichemspweemsphademspworkedemspoutemspinemspouremspmeetingemsplostemspsomeemspofemspitsemspeffectemspbecauseemsptheemspclimaxemspofemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemsp(baremsp33)emspalsoemspsoundsemsponlyemspopenemspstringsemspTheemspsecondemspofemspmyemsptwoemspinsertedemspchordsemspconvertsemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspintoemspharmonicsemspsoundingemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspandemsptwoemspoctavesemspaboveemsp(theemspfifthemsppartial)emspformingemspaemspdissonanceemspwithemsptheemspoctaveemspharmonicsemspofemspmyemspfirstemspinsertedemspchordemsp
Notemsponlyemspdoesemspthisemspdissonanceemspcreateemspaemspmomentemspofemspinstabilityemspjustemspbeforeemsptheemspcadenceemspfollow-ingemsptheemspmodelemspofemspmanyemspaemsptonalemspcadenceemspitemspsumsemspupemsptheemsppitchemsporganisationemspofemsptheemspmovementemspTheemsptopemsplineemspofemspexampleemsp11emsprecallsemspwhatemspexampleemsp10emsphasemspalreadyemspshownemspthatemspinemspsectionemsp1emspallemsptheemsppitchemspmaterialemspisemspderivedemspfromemsptheemspopenemspstringsemspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspwithemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptransposedemspupemspaemspmajoremspthirdemspbyemsptheemspuseemspofemspaemspcapoemspInemspsectionemsp3emsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspsoemspthatemsptheemspopenemspstringsemsp
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
23
1ndash6emspofemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmatchemspinemsppitchemsplineemsp2emspofemsptheemspexampleemspshowsemsphowemspatemsptheemspmomentemsptheemspcapoemspisemspremovedemspallemspofemsptheseemsppitchemsprelationshipsemspareemspmadeemspexplicitemspInemspbaremsp17emsptheemspstraightenedemspleftemspindexemspfingeremspisemspusedemsplikeemspaemspcapoemsptoemsprehearseemsptheemspmajoremspthirdemspopen-stringemsptranspositionemsponceemspmoreemspemsponemspbothemspguitarsemspInemsptheemspstrummingemspsectionemspthatemspfollowsemsp(sectionemsp4)emsptheemspindexemspfingeremspcontinuesemsptoemspbeemspusedemspinemspthisemspwayemspbutemsponemspdifferentemspfretsemspAtemsptheemspendemsptheemspinsertedemspchordsemspinemspcombinationemspwithemsptheemspfinalemspgestureemspconvertemsptheemspcomplexemspofemspopen-stringemsptranspositionsemsp(unisonoctaveemspandemspmajoremspthird)emspintoemspnaturalemspharmonics
15
33
Broad
lsquoNarcissusrsquo open strings of the two guitarsgenerating much of the pitch material throughout
6-string hascapo at 4th fretbars 1ndash15
capo removedfrom 6-stringbars 15curren
lsquoNarcissusrsquo bars 15ndash17
f
remove capoand sound chord pp
ff
ff
(lv)
f
(lv)
lsquoNarcissusrsquo ending
L L R L
L R
times manyaccel possibile
fff
chords added by JL
4
L
f possibile
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
12
rasgR
lightly touch strings at fret 12to sound harmonics
Example 11 lsquoNarcissusrsquo
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
24
AtemsptheemspcentreemspofemsptheemspmovementemspisemsptheemsptetrachordemspfoundemspatemsptheemspclimaxemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemsp(ex-ampleemsp9)emspThisemspisemsptheemsponlyemspreferenceemsptoemspBrittenemspinemsptheemspmovementemspbutemspifemsptheemspmomentemspofemspclimaxemspcanemspbeemspsaidemsptoemspincludeemsporemspimplyemsptheemspmovementemspasemspaemspwholeemspitemspisemspaemsptellingemspresidue
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
25
IIIemsp TheemspAnxietyemspofemsptheemspDedicatee
The Notion of the Original
WhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspfinishedemspInemsptheemsppianoemspliteratureemspChopinemspandemspLisztemspspringemsptoemspmindemspasemspcomposersemspwhoemsprevisitedemsptheiremspmusicemspoveremsplongemspperiodsemspeffectivelyemspcreatingemspaemspseriesemspofemspUrtexts andemspforemsptheemspinterpreteremspsomeemspfascinatingemspchoicesemspInemsptheemspguitarrsquosemsptwentieth-centuryemspliteratureemsptheemspquestionemspmayemspbeemspmoreemspintractableemspstillemspwhenemspisemspaemsppieceemspstartedemspEveremspsinceemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspfirstemspserialemspcollaboratoremspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspbeganemsptoemspcommissionemspworksemspfromemsptheemspcomposersemspheemspfavouredemsptheemspfirstemspfairemspcopiesemspofemsptheemspresultingemspmusicemsphaveemsphademspinemspmanyemspcasesemspaemspratheremspprovisionalemsplookemsplackingemsptheemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemsptheemsppublishedemspeditionsemspmanifestemspAndemspifemsptheemspcomposeremspwhoemspreturnsemsptoemspreviseemspanemspearlyemspworkemspisemsponemspoccasionemspjudgedemsptoemsphaveemspinterferedemspratheremspthanemspimprovedemspinemsptheemspcaseemspofemsptheemspguitaremsprepertoireemspthereemspisemspusuallyemspaemspmuchemspmoreemspsuspiciousemsppresenceemsptoemspdealemspwithemsptheemspdedi-cateeemspManyemspofemsptheemsplandmarksemspinemsptheemspguitarrsquosemspmodernemsprepertoireemspareemsptheemspresultemspofemspaemspcollaborationemspwithemspanemspinfluentialemspperformeremspwhoseemspfingerprintsemspmayemspusuallyemspbeemspdiscernedemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspedi-tionemspTheemspeditionsemspmadeemspbyemspAndreacutesemspSegoviaemspofemsptheemspworksemspwrittenemspforemsphimemspforemspinstanceemspcontainemspaemspnumberemspofemspidiosyncrasiesemspthatemspdissatisfyemspmanyemspguitaristsemspofemsptheemsppresentemspdayemspAndemspyetemspthereemspisemspnoemspguaranteeemspthatemspaemspsearchemspforemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspwillemspturnemspupemspmoreemspthanemspaemspdraftemspfullemspofemspimpracticalitiesemspandemspguesswork
Example 11emspshowsemsptwoemspversionsemsp-emsptwoemspstatesemsp-emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsptheemspfifthemspmovementemspofemspOxen of the SunemspTheemspupperemspsystememspshowsemspStephenrsquosemspfirstemspdraftemsp(IemspreceivedemspitemspbyemspemailemsponemspFebruaryemsp14emsp2003)emsptheemsploweremspasemspitemspappearsemspinemsptheemspeditionemsppublishedemsparoundemspthreeemspyearsemsplateremspStephenrsquosemspnoteemspinemspbaremsp15emsplsquoUseemspsix-stringemspwhenemspfeasiblersquoemspgaveemspmeemsptheemsptaskemspinemspeffectemspofemspfinishingemsptheemsppieceemspandemspIemspquicklyemspreal-isedemspthatemsptheemspwayemspStephenemsphademspchosenemsptoemspdivideemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspwasemsplargelyemspim-possibleemspIemsphademspparticularlyemspaskedemsphimemsptoemspwriteemspsomeemspcontinuousemspmusicemspforemsptheemspmediumemspbutemsphademspneveremspspeltemspoutemspthatemsponeemspcanemspmoveemsprapidlyemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemspanotheremsponlyemspwhileemspplayingemspaemspnoteemspwithemsponeemsphandemsp(theemsplsquopivotemspnotesrsquoemspthatemspIemspdefinedemspinemsppartemspI)
ForemsptheemsptimeemspbeingemspouremspcollaborationemsphademsptoemspprogressemspbyemspemailemspInemsphisemspnoteemspaccompanyingemsptheemspdraftemspStephenemsphademspwrittenemsp
lsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemsptheemspmostemsptrickyemspmovementemsptoemspplayemspItemspisemspaemspcompanionemsppieceemsptoemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspasemsptheemspotheremspharp-likeemsppieceemspSomeemspofemsptheemspcross-guitaremspstuffemspmightemspproveemspimpossibleemspifemspsoemspjustemspputemsptheemspnotesemsponemsptheemsp10-stringemspandemspdonrsquotemspworryemspthatemsptheemsp6-stringemspisnrsquotemspsoemspinvolvedemspinemspthisemspmovement
TheemspnextemspdayemspIemspreplied
YesemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspisemspgoingemsptoemspbeemspveryemsphardemspandemspIemspcanrsquotemspalwaysemspgetemspfromemsponeemspguitaremsptoemsptheemspotheremspinemsptimeemspForemspexampleemspIemspcanrsquotemspthinkemspofemspaemspwayemspofemspstoppingemspandemsppluckingemspnotesemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspthenemspinterpolatingemspsix-stringemspnotesemspasemspinemspbarsemsp23emspffemspBeautifulemsppassageemspButemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspandemspnewemspideasemspcomeemspupemspeveryemsptimeemspIemspsitemspdownemspandemsptryemspagainemsp
ForemspexampleemspjustemspthisemspmomentemspIrsquomemspexperimentingemspwithemspplayingemspbarsemsp14ndash22emspofemsplsquoArethusarsquoemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspandemspbarsemsp23ndash27emsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspreachingemspoveremspandemspstoppingemspstringsemspwithemspmyemsp
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
26
10
19
25
six-string
guitar
First draft February 14 2003Largamente e = 148ndash160
f espress (or p espress)
sim
sim
ten-string
guitar
f
six-string
guitar
Published version 2006Largamente e = 126c
ten-string
guitar
f espressivo lv
f
use 6-string when feasible
f
f
mf
mf
f
+
f
Example 11 A comparison of the first draft and the published version of lsquoArethusarsquo (continued overleaf )
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
27
leftemsphandemspasemspnecessaryemspItrsquosemspjustemspanemspideaemsptheemspleftemsphandemsphasemsptoemspthinkemspinemspreverseemspwithemsp4emspplayingemsptheemsplowestemspfretemspandemsp1emsptheemsphighestemspMaybeemspitemspwonrsquotemspworkemspinemsptheemspendemspButemspIrsquomemspthinkingemspallemsptheemsptimeemspofemsptheemspvisualemspinterplayemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemsphandsemspandemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspandemspalsoemsptheemspsoundemspIrsquomemspnotemspoftenemspsatisfiedemspwithemsptheemspsoundemspofemsptheemspleft-handemspfingersemsppluckingemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspwithemspcapoemspbutemspitemspsoundsemspfineemspveryemspquietemspandemspIrsquomemsplearningemsptoemsppluckemspwithemspmyemspleft-handemspthumbemspandemspnailemsp
30
36
40
f
f f
9 9
ff
f
ff
9
mp
6
mp
96
Example 11 continued
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
28
IrsquomemspalsoemspseeingemspifemspIemspcanemsplearnemsptoemspplayemspharmonicsemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspwithemspjustemspmyemspleftemsphandemsp-emspleftemspthumbemspplucksemsp3emsporemsp4emsptouchesemspstringemspPerhapsemspIemspshouldnrsquotemspletemspyouemspinemsponemsptheseemspideasemspasemsptheyemspareemspjustemspexperimentsemspandemspIemspthinkemspitemspmightemspbeemspgoodemsptoemsphaveemspsomeemsptricksemspupemspmyemspsleeveemspEverythingemspisemspharderemspthanemspitemsplooksemspandemspmyemspveryemspfirstemsptryemspoutemspwithemsplsquoOrpheusrsquoemspwasemspdepressingemspandemspscaryemspButemspIrsquoveemspcheeredemspupemspnowemspandemspfeelemspsureemspthatemspwersquollemsphaveemspsomethingemspbeautifulemspnextemspmonthemspOfemspcourseemspinemsptheemsplastemspresortemspthereemspisnrsquotemspanythingemsponeemspcanrsquotemspplayemsponemsptheemspten-stringemspaloneemspsoemsptherersquosemspalwaysemspthatemspwayemspoutemspinemspaemspdifficultemspbar
MyemspbiggestemspdifficultyemspwasemspthatemspinemspexperimentingemspwithemspthisemspnewemspmediumemspIemspcouldemspnotemspalwaysemsptellemspwhatemspcouldemspbeemspachievedemspwithemsppracticeemspoveremsptimeemspIemspspentemspsomeemsptimeemsponemsptheemspmiddleemspepisodesemspinemsppar-ticularemspwithemspuncertainemspresultsemspEventuallyemspIemspnoticedemspthatemsptheemspthirdemspepisodeemspinemspbarsemsp15ndash22emspfittedemsptheemsprangeemspofemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspveryemspwellemspandemspwonderedemspifemspthisemspmightemspbeemsptheemspkeyemsptoemspdevelopingemspanemspexcitingemspchoreographyemspNowhereemspelseemspinemsptheemspworkemspdidemspIemsphaveemsptoemspleanemspforwardemspandemspplayemspanemspextendedemsppassageemspwithemspfrettedemspnotesemsponemsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremspandemsptoemspdoemspsoemspnowemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspmerelyemspaemspvisualemspeffectemspwithemsptheemspcapoemspsettingemspitsemsppitchemspaemspwholeemspperfectemspfifthemsphigheremsptheemspsix-stringemspguitaremsptakesemsponemspaemspdistinctiveemsptimbreemspOneemspcanemsphearemspthatemsptheemsppassageemspisemspcomposedemsp(accidentallyemspitemspisemsptrue)emspwithinemsptheemsplimitationsemspimposedemspbyemsptheemspcapoemspTheemspfollowingemspschemeemspemerged
Episodeemsp1emsp 1ndash7emsp emsp InterplayemspofemsptwoemspguitarsEpisodeemsp2emsp 8ndash14emsp emsp Ten-stringemspaloneemsp(afteremspfirstemspbar)Episodeemsp3emsp 15ndash22emsp emsp Six-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp4emsp 23ndash30emsp emsp Afteremspsomeemspinitialemspcombiningemspsix-stringemspaloneEpisodeemsp5emsp 31ndash44emsp emsp Veryemspcloseemspinterplayemspincludingemspalternatingemspsemiquaversemspandemspaemspemspemsp emsp emsp emsp finalemspsweepemspexchangedemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspinstruments
ThisemspisemsptheemspschemeemspadoptedemspinemsptheemspfinalemspversionemspshownemspinemsptheemsploweremspsystememspofemsptheemspexampleemspTheemsppivotemspnotesemspareemspnotatedemspwithemsptheiremspownemspstememspInemsptheemspfinalemspepisodeemspIemspwantedemsptoemsppreserveemsptheemspcross-guitaremsppatternemspbeginningemspinemspbaremsp33emspandemspsoemspIemspproposedemsptheemspten-stringemspglissandiemsptoemspmakeemspitemsppossibleemsptoemspgetemsptoemsptheemspfirstemspnoteemsponemspstringemsptenemspwithoutemspanyemsppause
EvenemspwithemspthisemspschemeemspitemspwasemspimpossibleemspforemspmeemspinemsptheemsppassagesemspcombiningemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemsptoemspapproachemspStephenrsquosemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkingemsp(119136emsp=emsp148ndash160)emspbecauseemsptheemspguitarsemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspatemspleastemspaemsplittleemspdistanceemspawayemspfromemsponeemspanotheremspandemspIemspcouldemspnotemspmoveemspmyemsphandsemspbetweenemspguitarsemspfastemspenoughemspEventuallyemspIemspaskedemspStephenemsptoemspsanctionemspaemsploweremspvalueemsptoemsptheemspquaveremspaboutemsp126emspwhichemspdou-blesemsptheemsptempoemspofemsptheemsppreviousemspmovementemsplsquoOrpheusrsquo
ItemspisemspinemspanemspaccountemspsuchemspasemspthisemspthatemsptheemspanxietyemspofemsptheemspdedicateeemspemergesemsptheemspanxietyemspofemspbeingemsptheemspfirstemsponeemsptoemspplayemsptheemspworkemspandemsptheemsponeemspwhoemspasksemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemspapproveemspchangesemspinemsptheemspscoreemspLikeemspmanyemspperformersemspofemspmyemspgenerationemspIemsphaveemspbeenemspraisedemsptoemspascribeemspaemspkindemspofemspdivineemspstatusemsptoemsptheemspcomposeremspWhatemspifemspmyemsplimitationsemspandemspidiosyncrasiesemsphaveemsptaintedemsphisemspcreationemsp(BrittenrsquosemspandemspGossrsquos)emspTheemspfinishedemspscoreemspnowemsphasemspaemspnewemsptempoemspforemspothersemsptoemspfollowemspandemsptheemspfasteremsptempoemsphasemspbeenemspsuppressedemspTheemspten-stringemspglissandiemspareemspjustemsponeemspofemspaemspnumberemspofemsplsquoflashyrsquoemspidiomaticemspfeaturesemspthatemspIemspaddedemspthroughoutemspOxenemspIemspsoughtemsptheemsppermissionemspofemsptheemspcomposeremspcertainlyemspbutemspifemspanotheremsp
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
29
performeremspshouldemspfindemspthememspvulgaremspthatemspdefenceemspIemspsuspectemspwillemspbeemsptoemsplittleemspavailemspweemspdedicateesemspcanemspbeemspveryemsppersuasiveemspandemspweemspknowemsphowemsptoemspgiveemsptheemspcomposeremsplittleemspchoice
Butemsp thisemsp isemsp theemspconditionemspofemspcollaborationemsp Inemsp thisemspcaseemsp thereemsp isemspnoemsporiginalemsp toemspreturnemsptoemspnoemspUrtextemspCertainlyemspanotheremspperformeremspsuspiciousemspofemspmyemspmanipulationsemspcouldemspunearthemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspandemsprejectemspeveryemsponeemspofemspmyemspdecisionsemspAfteremspallemspitemspwouldemspnotemspbeemspinconsistentemspwithemsptheemsppsy-chologyemspofemspmanyemspaemspspecialist-interpreteremsptoemspmakeemspaemspdistinctionemspbetweenemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsplsquodivinersquoemspaspectemspexpressedemsphereemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspandemsptheemspearthlyemsppersonalityemspexpressedemspinemsptheemspsameemsppersonrsquosemspemailemspinemspwhichemspheemspgivesemspmeemsptheemspfreedomemsptoemspdeviseemspaemspchoreographyemspforemsptheemspmovementemspandemspdiscussemspitemspwithemsphimemspButemspsinceemsptheemspsharingemspofemsptheemspfigurationemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspisemspunrealis-ableemspinemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspdraftemspaemspdifferentemspchoreographyemspwouldemsphaveemsptoemspbeemspdevisedemspandemsptheemspresultingemspperformanceemspwouldemspnoemspmoreemsprepresentemsptheemsplsquooriginalrsquoemspthanemspmineemspdoesemspNoremspwouldemspitemsprepresentemspaemspcollaboration
AnemspalternativeemsppublishemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemspwithemspnoemspindicationemspofemsphowemsptoemspshareemsptheemsplineemspbetweenemsptheemspguitarsemspandemspaemsptempoemsprangeemspAskemsptheemspperformeremsptoemsprealiseemspitemsponemsptheemspmediumemspad libitumemspandemsprel-egateemspmyemspversionemsptoemspanemspappendixemspButemspthisemspmovementemspmarksemspanemspextremeemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspproc-essemspeveryemspmovementemspcontainedemspproblemsemspforemspmeemsptoemspsolveemspeveryemspmovementemsphademspitsemsptrailemspofemspemailsemspToemsptryemsptoemspreturnemsptheemspscoreemsptoemspaemsppureemsppre-collaborativeemspstateemspwouldemspbeemsptoemspcreateemspanemspindeterminateemsppieceemsp
The Dedicatee as Transcriber
SettingemspasideemspforemspaemspmomentemsptheemsppitchemspfiltersemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspmightemspbeemspthoughtemspofemspasemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspBrittenrsquosemsporiginalemspaemsptranscriptionemspinemspwhichemspIemspplayedemspanemspimportantemsproleemspAsemspIemsptriedemspoutemsponeemspoptionemspafteremspanotheremsplookingemspforemsptheemspmostemspelegantemspwayemsptoemspletemsptheemspfountainemspofemspnotesemspflowemspbetweenemsptheemsptwoemspguitarsemspmyemspinabilityemsptoemspachieveemsptheemspsuggestedemsptempoemsp-emsptheemsptempoemspanemspoboistemspmightemspnaturallyemsptakeemspinemsptheemsporiginalemsp-emsptroubledemspmeemspincreasinglyemspTranscriptionsemspforemspguitaremspthatemspareemspmuchemspharderemsptoemspplayemspthanemsptheiremsporiginalsemspareemspnowemspaemspcommonplaceemspinemsptheemsprepertoireemspasemsptheemspambitionsemspofemspguitaristsemsphaveemspgrownemspAemspguitaristemspwhoemspchoosesemsptoemspplayemspforemspinstanceemspBachrsquosemspFirstemspPartitaemspforemspkeyboardemspcanemspplayemspeveryemspmovementemspatemspaemspcredibleemsptempoemsptoemspbeemspsureemspbutemsptheemspsheeremspdifficultyemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspim-posesemspsevereemsplimitationsemspnotemspjustemsponemsptheemsptempoemspbutemsponemsptheemsprangeemspofemspvoicingsemspandemsparticulationemsp-emspinemspshortemsponemsptheemspperformerrsquosemspimaginationemsp
Thereemspisemspaemspfurtheremsppoint ease andemspdifficulty canemspbeemspexpressiveemspaspects inemspthemselvesemspfrequentlyemsplostemspinemsptranscriptionemspAemspsimpleemspclassicalemsppianoemspsonataemspcanemspbecomeemspanemspEverestemsponemsptheemspguitaremspandemspthusemspaffordsemspaemspdifferentemspkindemspofemspaestheticemspexperienceemspfromemsptheemsporiginalemspSimilarlyemspwhenemspaemspcom-poseremsppresentsemspmeemspwithemspanemspextremelyemspdifficultemsppassageemspIemspaskemspmyselfemspwhetheremspdifficulty isemspanemspexpres-siveemspaspectemspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspnotemspthenemspIemspsuggestemsprevisionsemspHoweveremspvirtuosicemsponersquosemsptechniqueemspisemsptheemspsoundemspofemspdifficultyemspisemspunmistakable
Inemsp theemsp caseemsp ofemsp lsquoArethusarsquoemsp thoughemsp anemsp importantemsp distinctionemsp mustemsp beemsp madeemsp Asemsp muchemsp asemspStephenrsquosemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspandemspBrittenrsquosemspresembleemsponeemspanotheremsponemsptheemsppageemsptheemspformeremspisemspreallyemspanemspelab-orationemspofemsptheemsplatteremspItemspisemsptrueemspthatemsptheemsptwo-guitaremsplsquoArethusarsquoemspdoesemspnotemspintroduceemspdivisionsemspintoemsptheemspfigurationemspexceptemspinemsptheemspfinalemspbarsemspbutemsptheemspconstantemspswitchingemspbetweenemspinstrumentsemspcreatesemsp
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
30
aemspceaselessemspinterplayemspofemspcoloursemspandemspsonoritiesemspthatemspisemspnotemsppartemspofemsptheemspoboeemsporiginalemspthereemspareemspaemspgreateremspnumberemspofemspeventsemspinemsptheemspmusicemspOnemspthisemspviewemspaemspfaireremspcomparisonemspmayemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspwithemspaemsptranscriptionemspofemspaemspBachemspkeyboardemsppartitaemspasemspwithemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemsptranscriptionsemspofemspPaganiniemspInemsptheemspcaseemspofemspaemspworkemspsuchemspasemspLisztrsquosemspversionemspofemspLa Campanellaemsp(s141)emsptheemspreductionemspinemsptempoemspisemspwellemsp establishedemsp inemsppracticeemspAemspviolinistemspplayingemsp theemsporiginalemsp (theemsp lastemspmovementemspofemspPaganinirsquosemspConcertoemspnoemsp2emspopemsp7)emspmightemsptypicallyemspsetemsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspatemsparoundemspMMemsp80emspbutemspLisztrsquosemsppianoemspversionemsphasemsptoemspaccommodateemspsuchemspelaborateemspsubdivisionsemspthatemspaemsptempoemspcloseremsptoemspMMemsp60emspisemsptypicalemspofemsptodayrsquosemspvirtuosiemspAemspsimilaremspreductionemspinemsptempoemspwouldemspveryemsplikelyemsphaveemspbeenemspexpectedemspinemsptheemspintabulationsemspofemsptheemsp16themspandemsp17themspcenturiesemspwhenemsplutenistsemsprealisedemsptheemsporiginalemspvocalemsplinesemspwithemspcopiousemspdivisions
AllemspofemsptheseemspversionsemspincludingemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspareemspelaborationsemspbecauseemsptheyemspareemspdenseremspthanemsptheemsporiginalsemspTheemspratioemsp-emspaboutemsp34emsp-emspbyemspwhichemspIemspreducedemsptheemsptempoemspcorrespondsemspcloselyemspwithemsptheemspex-pectedemspreductionemspfromemspPaganiniemsptoemspLisztemspalbeitemspforemspdifferentemspspecificemspreasons
OneemspfeatureemspofemsptheemsptranscriptionemspremainsemspinemsplsquoArethusarsquoemspinemsptheemspchoreographyemspIemspdevisedemspforemspitemsptheemspperformeremspwillemspneedemsptoemsptakeemsptimeemsptoemspcoveremsptheemspspaceemspbetweenemsptheemsp instrumentsemspandemspalmostemspcer-tainlyemspadoptemspaemspcertainemsprubatoemsptoemspsmoothemspoveremsptheemspbiggeremspdifficultiesemspTheemspcomposeremsphasemsptoemspacceptemspaemspcertainemspplayingemspstyleemsptheemspperformeremspisemsprestrictedemspinemsptheemspkindemspofemspperformanceemspheemsporemspsheemspcanemspgiveemspTheemsplackemspofemsprealemspchoiceemspinemsptempoemspandemspperformingemspstyleemspcanemspbeemspinemspmyemspexperienceemspaemspsourceemspofemspanxi-etyemspinemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspCanemspIemspperformemspthisemsppieceemspasemspitemspshouldemspbeemspperformedemspShouldemspIemsphaveemspaskedemsptheemspcomposeremsptoemsprewriteemspsoemspextensivelyemspthatemspIemspcanemspdecideemsptempoemspandemsptimingemsponemspmoreemsplsquoobjectiversquoemspthatemspisemsptoemspsayemspimaginativeemspgrounds
Transposition of Topics
WhenemspconfrontedemspwithemspanemspestablishedemspclassicemspIemspbecomeemspanemspinterpreteremspIemspassumeemspthatemsptheemspnotationemspisemspthereemsptoemspconveyemspaemspseriesemspofemspgesturesemspwhichemsptheemspcomposeremspvividlyemspexperiencedemspIemsphaveemsptoemspdiscoveremspifemsponlyemspforemspmyselfemsphowemsptheemsppieceemspgoesemspTheemspapproachemspofemspaemspGlennemspGouldemspwhichemspseemsemsptoemsptreatemspaemspworkemspasemspaemspstructureemspfromemspwhichemspmanyemspcharactersemspcanemspemergeemspisemspsurelyemspexceptionalemsp-emspindeedemspitemspisemspforemspthisemspdisregardemspofemspcharacteremspinemspfavouremspofemspstructureemspthatemspAlfredemspBrendelemspattacksemspGouldemspinemspaemsprecentemspinterview
[I]temspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthatemspheemsphasemspnoemspinterestemspatemspallemspinemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemsppieceemspHeemspisemspnotemspawareemspthatemspitemspexistshellipHeemspdoesemspnotemspconsideremspthatemspthereemspmightemspbeemspaemspcharacteremspwhichemspisemspindissolublyemspconnectedemspwithemsptheemsppieceemspwhichemsponeemspmustemspfindemspandemspbringemsptoemsplifeemsp(Brendelemsp2002emsp201)
Workingemsp withemsp manyemsp composersemsp onemsp theiremsp ownemsp musicemsp hasemsp disabusedemsp meemsp ofemsp theemsp ideaemsp Iemsp tookemsp foremspgrantedemspasemspaemspbeginneremspthatemspinemsptheemspprocessemspofemspcreationemsptheemspcomposeremspheardemspanemspidealemspperformanceemspStillemsptheemspideaemspremainsemspthatemspwhatemspisemspinemsptheemspscoreemspisemspthereemspbecauseemsptheemspcomposeremspwantedemsptoemspexpressemspaemspcharacteremspandemspthatemspcharacteremspmustemspimplyemspaemspcertainemsprangeemspofemsptempiemspandemsparticulations
AndemspyetemspinemspworkingemsponemspOxen of the SunemspIemspsometimesemspabandonedemspmyemspinterpretiveemspidealsemspdis-cardingemspcharacteremspandemspgestureemspwhileemsppreservingemsptheemspnotesemspTheemspopeningemspepisodeemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspinemsptheemspfirstemspdraftemsphademsptheemspdottedemspcrotchetemspsetemspatemsp112ndash120emspbutemspIemspfoundemspitemspquiteemspimpossibleemsptoemspjumpemspfromemsponeemsp
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
31
harmonicemsptoemspanotheremspatemspthatemsptempoemspAsemsptheemsprecordingemspandemsppublicationemspdatesemspapproachedemspIemspaskedemspStephenemspifemspIemspcouldemspfixemsptheemsptempoemspatemsp60ndash66emspaddingemspanemspaccelerandoemsptwoemspbarsemspbeforeemsptheemspnextemspsectionemspwhenemsptheemsporiginalemspmetronomeemspmarkemspbecameemsppossibleemspOfemspcourseemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspinemspthisemspwayemspdestroyedemsptheemsporiginalemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspIfemspIemsphademsptakenemspthatemspcharacteremspasemsptheemspessenceemspofemsptheemspmusicemsp-emspofemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspinspirationemsp-emspthanemspclearlyemspIemspcouldemspnotemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspsuggestionemspIemspdidemspRatheremspIemspwouldemsphaveemsphademsptoemspworkemspwithemspStephenemsponemspreworkingemsptheemsppitchesemsptoemspmakeemsptheemsporiginalemsptempoemsppossible
ThisemsplatitudeemspisemsppossibleemspbecauseemspinemsphalvingemsptheemsptempoemspatemsptheemspbeginningemspofemsplsquoAeolusrsquoemspIemspchangedemsponeemsptopicemspintoemspanotheremspandemspbothemspareemsptypicalemspofemspStephenrsquosemspmusicemspTheemspbeginningemspnowemspsoundsemsplim-pidemspevenemspglacialemspundisturbedemspsuchemsppassagesemspoccuremspinemspallemspofemspStephenrsquosemspextendedemspworks
Somethingemspsimilaremsphappenedemspinemsptheemspnewemspsemi-improvisedemsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspWhenemspIemspstartedemsptoemspworkemsponemspitemspIemspassumedemspthatemsptheemsptopicemspwasemspinemspaemspsenseemspimprovisationemsptheemsptexturesemspworkemspwithinemspaemsplargeemsprangeemspofemsppossibilitiesemspandemsptheemsptempoemspcanemspbeemspmanipulatedemspaccordingemsptoemsptheemspphysicalemspdemandsemspofemsptheemsppieceemspItemsponlyemsphasemsptoemspflowemspToemsplearnemsptheemsppieceemspIemsphademsptoemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemspextendedemsptechniquesemsptoemspfindemspoutemspwhatemspkindsemspofemspspeedsemspwereemsppossibleemsphowemspflexibleemsptheemsprhythmemspcouldemspbeemspandemsphowemsptoemspachieveemspaemspsenseemspofemspvirtuosityemspIemspplayedemspallemsptheemspwrittenemspnotesemspbutemspthisemspprocessemspcouldemspscarcelyemspbeemspcom-paredemsptoemspworkingemspoutemspanemspinterpretationemspofemspsayemspaemspBachemspluteemspsuite
Fixity and Fluidity
Likeemsp theemsp artistrsquosemsp sketchemsp theemsp detailemsp ofemsp aemsp photographemsp anemsp unfinishedemsp storyemsp thereemsp isemsp aemsp particularemspbeautyemsptoemspaemsppieceemspofemspmusicemspthatemspisemspnotemspyetemspfixedemspinemspitsemspfinalemspversionemspImprovisationemspplayedemspaemspdistinctemsproleemspinemsptheemspgenesisemspofemspOxen of the Sunemsp-emsplsquoNarcissusrsquoemspforemspexampleemspwasemsptoemspsomeemspextentemspimprovisedemspfiguresemspworkedemspintoemspaemspcoherentemspshapeemsp-emspandemspinemsptheemsppublishedemspscoreemspsomeemsplatitudeemspinemsprhythmemspandemsptheemsprealisationemspofemspextendedemsptechniquesemspremainsemspButemspforemspmeemspallemspofemsptheemspearlyemspperformancesemspofemspOxenemsphademspanemspimprovisatoryemspelementemspIemspfeltemspfreeemsptoemspplayemspwithemsptheemspmusicalemspgesturesemspinemspsearchemspofemspaemspviableemspandemspeffectiveemspworkemspIemspdidemspnotemspalwaysemspaskemsptheemspcomposerrsquosemsppermissionemspbeforeemsptryingemspsomethingemspoutemspinemsppublicemspaemspsinemspofemspomissionemspbutemspnotemspanemspunusualemsponeemspJulianemspBreamemsponceemsptoldemspmeemspthatemspinemsphisemspsecondemspperformanceemspofemspTippettrsquosemspThe Blue GuitaremspheemspdecidedemsptoemsptryemspleavingemspaemspfewemsppassagesemspoutemspofemsptheemsplastemspmovementemspHavingemspperformedemspitemspthatemspwayemspheemspconcludedemspthatemsptheemspmovementemspwasemspmuchemspmoreemspcon-vincingemspwithemsptheemspomissionsemspOnlyemspatemspthatemsppointemspdidemspheemspphoneemsptheemspcomposeremspTheemsppublishedemspscoreemspomitsemsptheseemsppassages
NowemspthatemsptheemsppieceemsphasemspbeenemsppublishedemspandemsprecordedemspIemsphaveemspmadeemsptheemspcrucialemspdecisionsemspbasedemsponemsptwoemspyearsemspofemspperformanceemspdiscussingemspeverythingemspwithemsptheemspcomposeremspWhenemspanemspimprovisationemspcrystallisesemspinemspthisemspwayemsplittleemspisemsplostemspforemsptheemsponeemspdoingemsptheemspimprovisingemspIemspamemspreadyemsptoemsplsquosettleemspdownrsquoemspButemspwhatemspofemspotheremspperformersemspOxen of the SunemspisemspnowemspnoemspdifferentemspfromemspotheremsppublishedemspworksemspaemspscoreemspwithemspmoreemsporemsplessemspsetemsptempiemspdynamicsemspandemsparticulationemspNewemspperformersemspmustemspmasteremspitsemsptechniquesemspandemspdevelopemspaemspfaithfulemspreadingemspThisemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspmoreemspdifficultemspaemspprocessemspthanemsptheemsponeemspIemspunderwentemspItemspmightemspresultemspinemspsuccessfulemspperformancesemspevenemspbetteremsponesemspbutemspthereemspareemspperform-ancesemspthatemspmayemspneveremspbeemspbecauseemsptheemsppieceemsphademsptoemspassumeemspaemspfinalemspversionemspInemspmyemspaccompanyingemsp
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
32
notesemsptoemsptheemspscoreemspIemsptriedemsptoemsppointemsptoemspsomeemspofemsptheemspplacesemspwhereemsptheemspperformeremspcanemspexperimentemspwithemsptheemsptechniquesemspbutemspultimatelyemsptheemspfixityemspofemsptheemspnotationemspseemsemspintractable
Isemspthisemspwhyemspweemspguitaristsemspareemspsoemspfondemspofemsplookingemspatemspuneditedemspdraftsemspofemspcompositionsemspdecadesemspafteremsp theiremsp productionemsp-emspofemsp lookingemsp foremsp waysemsp toemsp forestallemsp inemsp retrospectemsp theemsp collaborativeemsp proc-essemspPerhapsemspbyemspplacingemspourselvesemspinemspaemspone-sidedemspconversationemspwithemspaemspcomposeremspwhoemspmayemspnotemspbeemsparoundemsptoemsprespondemspandemspsupplyingemsptheemspanswersemspweemspwantemsptoemsphearemspweemsphopeemsptoemspcreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspsenseemspofemspimprovisatoryemspfreedomemspthatemspmightemspenhanceemsptheemspfinalemspperformanceemsp-emsptoemsprecreateemspforemspourselvesemspthatemspblessedemspimprovisatoryemspstateemspthatemsptheemspcollaboratoremspenjoyedemspInemspthatemspcaseemspbyemspleavingemsptracesemspofemsp theemspprocessemsp inemspmanuscriptsemsp lettersemsp-emspevenemspwritingsemspsuchemspasemsp thisemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspcol-laboratoremspcanemsphelpemsptoemspmakeemspthatemspprocessemspmoreemspmeaningfulemspevenemspmoreemsphonestemspSoemspoftenemspitemspseemsemsptoemspmeemspthisemspessentiallyemspcreativeemspdefamiliarisingemspprocessemspofemspsubvertingemsphistoricalemspcollaborationsemspisemspconductedemspbyemspstealthemspitemspisemspadvertisedemspasemspaemspreturnemsptoemsptheemsporiginalemsptoemsptheemspUrtextemspevenemspthoughemspitemspmayemspentailemspplacingemspanemspidealisedemspcomposeremspinemspplaceemspofemsptheemsphumanemspbeingemspwhoemspwroteemsptheemsppieceemspwithemspaemspplayeremspinemspmindemspandemspletemsphimemsporemspheremspbeemsppartemspofemspitsemspcreationemspWorkingemspasemspaemspcollaboratoremspmyselfemsphasemspmadeemspmeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemspprotectiveemspofemsptheemspversionemspforemspwhichemspIemspactedemspasemspmidwifeemspasemspsympatheticemsptoemspthoseemspwhoemspwouldemspseekemspaemspversionemspofemsptheiremspown
Canemsp oneemsp analyseemsp aemsp composer-performeremsp collaborationemsp withemsp anyemsp rigouremsp Asemsp aemsp reflectiveemsp per-formeremspIemspamemspsurprisedemsptoemspdiscoveremspthatemspforemspmeemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemsptheemsplastemspbastionemspofemsptheemsppurelyemspintuitiveemspSomeemspthingsemspgrowemspbestemspinemsptheemspdarkemspAndemspyetemspsomeemspkindemspofemspreflectionemspisemspnecessaryemspAtemspleastemspbyemspworkingemspwithemspcomposersemspIemspknowemspbetteremspwhatemsptheemspcollaborativeemspprocessemspisemspnotemspItemspisemspnotemsptamperingemspwithemspaemsppristineemsporiginalemspforemspthereemspneveremspwasemsponeemspItemspisemspnotemsptranscriptionemspinemsptheemspconven-tionalemspsenseemspbecauseemspthatemspisemspallemsptooemspfaithfulemsptooemspanxiousemsptoemspleaveemsptheemspcharacteremspofemsptheemspmusicemspun-touchedemspIsemspitemspcomposingemspThatemspisemsptoemspclaimemsptooemspmuchemspbutemspmanyemspofemsptheemspbestemspcollaborativeemspperform-ersemspareemspcomposersemspmanqueacutesemspItemspmayemspwellemspbeemspthatemspanyemspnotatedemspscoreemspisemspnotemsponlyemspaemsppooremsptranslationemspofemspaemspcomposerrsquosemspinneremspimaginingsemspbutemspalsoemspsomethingemspincompleteemspThoseemspinneremspimaginingsemspmayemspnotemsptakeemsptheemspformemspofemspanemspimaginaryemspperformanceemspbutemspsomethingemspslightlyemspmoreemspabstractemspsomethingemspnotemspquiteemspinemsptimeemspreadyemsptoemspexplodeemspintoemspperformanceemspInemspthatemspcaseemsptheemsptaskemspofemspanyemspinterpretationemspmightemspbeemspnotemspsoemspmuchemsptoemspgoemspbackemsptoemsprecoveremsptheemspcomposerrsquosemspimperfectlyemspnotatedemspintentionsemspasemsptoemspgoemsponemsptoemspputemsponeselfemsphonestlyemspatemsptheemspserviceemspofemsptheemspenergyemspcontainedemspinemsptheemspscoreemspandemspbyemspsupply-ingemsponersquosemspownemspintentionsemsptoemspfinishemsptheemspworkemspandemsptoemspacceptemsptheemspdoubleemspimageemsp-emspcomposeremspandemspper-formeremsp-emspthatemspinevitablyemspresults
top related