08 - memory. how can you increase your memory? class presentation video: memory what topics do you...

08 - Memory

How can you increase your memory?

Class presentation video:Memory

What topics do you need help with?

What topics do you need help with?

• A. The Ebbinghaus retention curve• B. The spacing effect• C. The serial position effect• D. Memory strategies – e.g. peg-word system• E. I understand

What topics do you need help with?

• A. Chunking• B. Flashbulb memory• C. Retrieval cues• D. Priming• E. I understand

What topics do you need help with?

• A. Proactive interference• B. Retroactive interference• C. Observational learning• D. Source amnesia• E. I understand

You are designing an ad to sell your camera. Based on the serial position effect, you want to

place the most important items:

A. more at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

B. More in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.

You are designing an ad to sell your camera. Based on the serial position effect, you want to

place the most important items:

A. more at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

B. More in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.

Priming refers to:

A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.

B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source.

D. the activation of associations in memory.

Priming refers to:

A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.

B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source.

D. the activation of associations in memory.

Think of a way to prime people to help remember your name

• E.g.• Atkins = I am at my kin’s house• Bob = Spelled the same both directions

Draw both sides of a penny

Draw both sides of a penny

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is

due to:

A. storage decay.

B. encoding failure.

C. motivated forgetting.

D. retrieval failure.

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is

due to:

A. storage decay.

B. encoding failure.

C. motivated forgetting.

D. retrieval failure.

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories.

He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's

memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:

A. repression.

B. retroactive interference.

C. encoding failure.

D. source amnesia.

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories.

He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's

memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:

A. repression.

B. retroactive interference.

C. encoding failure.

D. source amnesia.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the

French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall

the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

A. the spacing effect.B. proactive interference.C. retroactive interference.D. state-dependent memory.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the

French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall

the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

A. the spacing effect.B. proactive interference.C. retroactive interference.D. state-dependent memory.

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several

years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

A. will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

B. will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

C. will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they will remember for years to come.

D. will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several

years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

A. will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

B. will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

C. will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they will remember for years to come.

D. will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. We are asked to remember

someone’s name. We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to

remember it, yet it remains elusive. What type of forgetting might be at work here?

A. encoding failure

B. retroactive interference

C. retrieval failure

D. motivated forgetting

We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. We are asked to remember

someone’s name. We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to

remember it, yet it remains elusive. What type of forgetting might be at work here?

A. encoding failure

B. retroactive interference

C. retrieval failure

D. motivated forgetting

As a child, Theo often looked at a picture album that included photos of a family reunion.

Although Theo had not attended the reunion because he had been ill, he remembers being

there. Theo’s mistake best illustrates the “sin” of:

A. suggestibility.

B. persistence.

C. misattribution.

D. transience.

As a child, Theo often looked at a picture album that included photos of a family reunion.

Although Theo had not attended the reunion because he had been ill, he remembers being

there. Theo’s mistake best illustrates the “sin” of:

A. suggestibility.

B. persistence.

C. misattribution.

D. transience.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Remember as many of these words as you can.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Here is the complete list. Count how many you got correct.

Bagel

Tortilla

Hoagie

Matzo

Grain

Wonder

Slice

Rye

Bun

Loaf

Muffin

White

Toast

Butter

Biscuit

Sandwich

Pita

Jam

Pumpernickel

Yeast

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Write down as many words as you can.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Circle which of these words are on your list.

Sub

Wheat

Jelly

Bread

Roll

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Here are some words that were NOT on the original list. Count how many of these you had on your list.

Sub

Wheat

Jelly

Bread

Roll

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009

Of the incorrect items, I had _____ on my list.

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

E. 4-5

Why did you remember words that were not on the list?

Discussion Question

• You are reading your textbook and studying for an upcoming exam in psychology.

• Identify and describe each step in the process required for remembering information from your textbook in order to do well on the exam.

• Discuss a strategy for improving memory and provide an example of how it could help you on the exam.

Information processing theory

• Encoding – Storage – Retrieval• Encoding

– Attending (reading) the text• Moves it into short-term memory

• Storage– Rehearse or engage the material to get it into

long-term memory (for storage)• E.g. SQ3R method

– Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review

• Retrieval – Answering an exam

Strategies for memory processing

• Developing examples• Relate it to your own life• Associate the concept with current

information• Mental visualization

– Create images of the information• Mnemonics• Chunking – Grouping lists into themes

Strategies for memory processing

• Organization– Outline– Mind map diagrams

• Cues related to a concept– Sounds like– Looks like– Similar to