01 parte 01 diseño de reactores ad 2014
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7/18/2019 01 Parte 01 Diseño de Reactores AD 2014
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5+.+6%Y+*0(')K
Z$ ').0) 5+)0)^ )%).'1+) )/6%*0 k [-%*0^ 6+
(+U%*'Y *' ('+55%/$ ').e ('S'(%*+ + 6+ 1+)+
*'6 5+.+6%Y+*0(^ l^ V $0 +6 &06-1'$ *'6
('+5.0(K
D]
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Z6 *')+((0660 *'6 M+6+$5' U+(+ -$ W\> ')
)%1%6+( +6 Q-' )' *')+((066/ U+(+ -$ W4>f
8-'*+$*0f
DI
dF A
dW = r A
'
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b%).'1+) + +$+6%Y+(f
Dd
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XT%) ;0+6 m%66 M' +5T%'&'* MV -)%$; + $-1M'( 0S
U(0M6'1) .T+. +(' 0U'$c'$*'* .0 &+(%0-)*';('')K
DB
K
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DE
K
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CG
K
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!K
<'O$%5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$
DK
Z5-+5%0$') *' *%)'=0!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
>'+5.0( *' [-J0 U%)./$ &'$FK >'+5.0(') '$ )'(%'
C!
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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!K
<'O$%5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$
DK
Z5-+5%0$') *' *%)'=0!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
>'+5.0( *' [-J0 U%)./$ &'$FK >'+5.0(') '$ )'(%'
CD
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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3+ '5-+5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$ V 0.(+)
'5-+5%0$') ').+(e$ ('S'(%*+) +
<'O$%5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$
CC
A+b
a B!
c
aC +
d
a D
X A =
Moles de A que reaccionan
Moles de A alimentadas
X ! X A
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!K
>+U%*'Y *' ('+55%/$
DK
Z5-+5%/$ ;'$'(+6 *'6 M+6+$5' *' 106')!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
>'+5.0( *' [-J0 U%)./$ &'$FK >'+5.0(') '$ )'(%'
CF
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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W0( 60 .+$.0
b' 50$&%'(.' '$f
C]
N A = N
A0 ! N
A0 X = N
A0 1! X ( )
dN A
dt = r
AV
N A0
dX
dt = !r A( )V
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!K
>+U%*'Y *' ('+55%/$
DK
Z5-+5%/$ ;'$'(+6 *'6 M+6+$5' *' 106')!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
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CI
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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Z6 M+6+$5' '$ -$ 7bX>f
:$&06-5(+$*0 6+ *'O$%5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$
b' 0M_'$' 6+ '5-+5%/$ *' *%)'=0
Cd
V =F A0
! F A
!r A
F A = F A0 !F A0 X
V =F A0
! F A0
! F A0 X ( )
!r A
V =F A0 X
!r A( )
salida
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!K
>+U%*'Y *' ('+55%/$
DK
Z5-+5%/$ ;'$'(+6 *'6 M+6+$5' *' 106')!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
>'+5.0( *' [-J0 U%)./$ &'$FK >'+5.0(') '$ )'(%'
CB
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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Z6 M+6+$5' '$ -$ W4>f
:$&06-5(+$*0 6+ *'O$%5%/$ *' 50$&'()%/$
b' 0M_'$' 6+ '5-+5%/$ *' *%)'=0
CE
F A = F A0 !F A0 X
!dF A
dV =
!r A
F A0
dX
dV
= !r A
V = F A0
dX
!r A0
X
"
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!K >+U%*'Y *' ('+55%/$
DK
Z5-+5%/$ ;'$'(+6 *'6 M+6+$5' *' 106')!K >'+5.0( %$.'(1%.'$.'
DK >'+5.0( *' 1'Y56+ 501U6'.+ !"#$
CK
>'+5.0( *' [-J0 U%)./$ &'$FK >'+5.0(') '$ )'(%'
FG
GD 70$&'()%/$ V X+1+=0 *'6 >'+5.0(
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Z$ 05+)%0$') ') $'5')+(%0 +$+6%Y+( )%).'1+)
'$ 60) Q-' 6+ 50((%'$.' *' )+6%*+ *' -$
('+5.0( ') 6+ +6%1'$.+5%/$ *'6 )%;-%'$.'K
3+ 50$&'()%/$^ *')*' 6+ +6%1'$.+5%/$
U(%$5%U+6 T+).+ 6+ )+6%*+ *' 5+*+ ('+5.0(f
F!
F A1
= F A0
! F A0 X
1
F A2
= F A0
! F A0
X 2
F A3
= F A0
! F A0 X
3
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FD
F A1
= F A0
!F A0 X
1
F A2 = F A0 !F A0 X 2
F A3
= F A0
!F A0 X
3
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W+(+ '6 U(%1'( ('+5.0(
W+(+ '6 )';-$*0
FC
V = F A0dX
!r A0
X 1
"
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n U+(+ '6 .'(5'(0f
FF
V =F A0
X 2 ! X
1( )!r
A2
V = F A0
dX
!r A X 2
X 3
"
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FI
T 6 h * 6
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Fd
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FB
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FE
Th¡
rcaction
is
essentially irreversible.
Estimate
the
time required to saponify 95l.
ofthe ester at
¿lO"C.
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¡ll
h
has
been
mentioned
that
gaseous
reactions
are
more
suitably
carried out
on
a
commercial
scale
h
llow
equipment
than
in batch reactors. Consider the
following example.
Watsont
has
studied the
lhrmrl
(noncatalytic)
cracking
of
butenes
at
I
atm
pressure
in
a flow
reaclo¡. The rate quation
dücnnined
from
his experimental
data is
losk.:-60'ffi
-15.27
4.5757
'
t K,
M.
Watson,
Chem.
Eng. Progr.,
i11,229
(1948).
206 cnrurc¡l
ENGTNEERTNG
KrNETrcs
where
t¡
*
butenes
cracked,
g
mol/(h)(liter)(atm),
and
Z is in
degrees Kelvin.
Alrhough
the
feed
consists
of
a
number
ofdillerent
butenes
and the products vary from coke to butadiene,
the
irreversible
reaction may be
considered
first order,
CaH"
-
CnH"
.r
1¡,
It
is desired
to
crack butenes
in a batch+ype
re¿ctor which
will operate
at 1200"F
and
will
be
equipped
for efficient
agitation,
The initial
charge to
the
reactor will
consist of
1
lb
mole ofbutenes
and
l0 lb
moles
of steam.
Under these
conditions the
change
in
total
moles during
the
course of the
reaction can
be neglected.
(a)
Determine
the time required for a
conversion
of
30/o
of the
butenes,
(b)
Determine
the reactor
volume
required. (c)
Suppose
that the initial
charge
consists
of l0 moles
of
steam
per
mole of hydrocarbon,
as
before,
but
this time
the hydrocarbon
fraction
contains
ffi mol
\
butenes and
tlo'/.
butadiene.
The butadiene
may
undergo
two reactions:
cracking
and
polymerization
to the dimer.
Assuming
that the rates
of these reactions
are known, outline
a method
of determining
the conversion
of butenes
and
of
butadiene
for
a
given
reaction
time.
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