racing horses is the largest spectator sport in the world in the 1800s and early 1900s horses were...
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General Information for Horses:
Racing horses is the largest spectator sport in the world
In the 1800s and early 1900s horses were used for power and transportation
The United States had 20 million horse in the 1900s
In 1977 – 9 million horses In the late 1980s fewer
than 6 million In 2004 horse numbers
have increased to 6.6 million
General Information for Draft Horses:
Uses – work, companions, and hobbies, as well as animal-pull events.
Animals used for - draft, horses, oxen, donkeys, mules, camels, and buffalo.
, mules, camels, and buffalo.
Types of Light Horses: Riding horses Gaited horses Stock horses Polo Mounts Hunter and
Jumpers Ponies Racehorses Driving Horses
Age and sex classes of horses: Mare – mature female horse 4 +
years Stallion – mature male horse 4 +
years Foaling – giving birth in horses Foal – young horse either sex;
not weaned Stud horse – male horse used of
breeding Filly – young female horse under
3 years Colt – young male horse under 3
years Gelding – castrated male horse
Size classes of horses: Hands – equal to
4 inches Classified by size
Light Horses – 14.2 – 17 hands (900 – 1400 pounds)
Draft – 14.2 – 17.2 hands (1400 + pounds)
Ponies – 14.2 and under (500 -900 pounds)
Breeding Practices for Horses: Normal Breeding Artificial
Insemination Parturition – best
sign of parturition udder is distended
Care after parturition – imprinting
Draft Animal Reproduction:
Oxen – Duration of their cycle – 12-20 hours every 21 days. Gestation – 9 months 270-295 days
Draft Horses – puberty at 12-15 months, estrous cycle is every 21 days, heat is 4-6 days in length; gestation is 11 months or 330-340 days.
Draft Capacity – can pull 1/10 of its body weight
Draft Animal Selection – Social ranking in herd
Feeding: Concentrates – Grains (oats,
corn, and barley) Monogastric One pound of grain for every
1000 pounds of horse per day Colic – common problem if over
feeding concentrates Forages – pasture or hay. 1-2
pounds for each 100 pounds of body weight each day.
One horse per 3 acres on which to graze.
Supplement minerals and vitamins
Water – clean and plenty of it (10-12 gallons per day)
Nutritional Requirements for Draft Horses:
Feeding Oxen - ruminants
Feeding Draft Horses - Monogastric
Feeding Schedules – hand-feeding, self-feeding, automated feeding
Health – Common Ailments
Colic Sleeping
Sickness Swamp Fever Equine influenza Founder Tetanus (lock
Jaw) External
Parasites Internal
Parasites
Health Practices for Horses and Draft Horses:
Condition animal - Groom
Consider health General health – temp
100.5 F Horses; 101.5 F Oxen
Parasites – internal and external
Foot Care – trim every 6 months
Farrier Clean Frog
Care of the Teeth :
Determine age by teeth – slanted teeth - older
Floating the teeth – smooth out sharp edges on the teeth.
Facility and equipment requirements:
Barn Feeding equipment Grooming Saddle and bridle
(Western or English) Strong fences and
stalls Equipment –
harness or yoke
Equitation: Mounting and
Dismounting – left side Seat Position – sit tall;
erect Horse Control
Hands Legs Voice Weight
Movement Walk Gallop Backing Stopping Jog Lope
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