moving to advanced supercritical plant & capture-ready measures dr p. mahi; p. napier-moore mott...
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Moving to Advanced Supercritical Plant & Capture-Ready Measures
Dr P. Mahi; P. Napier-Moore
Mott MacDonald
Advanced Supercritical Plants
Temperature (°C)
Pressure
(bar) (MPa)
Subcritical
Supercritical
Advanced Supercritical
538
540 – 566
580 - 620
167
220 – 240
270
16
25
30
Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW)
Coal Subcritical Supercritical Advanced Supercritical
Singrauli Coal
Gross Efficiency (LHV)
Net Efficiency (LHV)
Gross Efficiency (HHV)
Net Efficiency (HHV)
Mount Arthur Coal
Gross Efficiency (LHV)
Net Efficiency (LHV)
Gross Efficiency (HHV)
Net Efficiency (HHV)
41.3
38.8
39.2
36.8
41.3
38.8
39.6
37.2
43.2
40.6
41.0
38.5
43.2
40.6
41.4
38.9
45.9
43.2
43.5
40.9
46.0
43.2
44.0
41.4
Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW)
CO2 emissions
Subcritical Supercritical Advanced Supercritical
Singrauli Coal
t/h
% reduction
Mount Arthur Coal
t/h
% reduction
425
0
436
0
406
4.5
417
4.8
382
8.0
392
10.0
Supercritical Plants
156
108
128
31
24
23
87
106.6
68.2
49.2
14.8
13.5
13.3
37.6
USA
Japan
Russia
Germany
Korea
China
OthersTotal Capacity (GW)
Number of Units
26
4
12
24
15
17
20.9
2.7
8.7
13.5
9.9
8.5
Japan
Russia
Germany
Korea
China
Others Total Capacity (GW)
Number of Units
Total Last 10 Years
Advanced Supercritical
Plant / Location Owner Year Completed
Steam Temp. (°C)
Pressure (MPa)
Power (MW)
Fuel
Huaneng Yuhuan, China
Waigaoqiao III, China
Avedore II, Denmark
Nordjyllandsvaer Ket 3, Denmark
Skaevbaerket, Denmark
SMEPC
EnergyE2
Elsam
Elsam
2007
2005
2001
1998
1997
600/600
600/600
582/600
582/580
582/580
26.3
27
30
29
29
1000
2 x 1000
415
415
415
Coal
Coal
Coal, gas
Coal, gas
gas
Advanced Supercritical Plants – Costs
Coal Unit (500 MW)
Subcritical Supercritical
Advanced Supercritica
lSingrauli Coal
Capex
Capex
Capex
Mount Arthur Coal
Capex
Capex
Capex
INR million
INR /kWe
US/kWe
INR million
INR /kWe
US/kWe
28 000
56 004
1 223
26 698
53 395
1 167
29 586
59 175
1293
28 171
56 347
1 231
30 391
60 783
1 328
28 931
57 862
1 264O&M Costs - Similar
- In India; likely to be higher
Implementation Issues
Technology Issues
– waterwall craking
– negative flow characteristic
– slagging
Availability of skilled operating staff
Coal quality and boiler performance
Environmental benefits
Socio-economic benefits
Incentives
Carbon related revenue can make a substantial difference to the economics of supercritical plants and most notably to the economics of advanced supercritical units
Key issue is carbon price risk after 2012.
Essential measures, focussed on the plant site, include: Land area and layout able to accommodate: – the capture equipment, new
pipelines, expanded utilities and additional generation units Provisions for new pipework in the Water-Steam-Condensate cycle –
allowing for heat integration Design of the steam cycle to be compatible with the likely steam extraction
requirements of the capture unit
– inclusion of off-take tee at IP/LP crossover pipe, with target crossover pressure of e.g. 3-4 bar(a) for amines
Allow space for addition/upgrade of FGD, to meet flue gas purity requirements, as applicable, of CO2 capture
Route to CO2 storage that is economically competitive on a global stage (€/tCO2 basis)
Post Combustion Capture-ReadyEssential Measures – focussed on Plant Site
Optional measures – first tier
– Identification of potential sequestration sites and preliminary geological investigations to screen these.
– Pipeline route determined, where CO2 exported by pipeline rather than ship.
– Installation of FGD that can readily be upgraded to meet flue gas purity required
Optional measures – second tier
– Sequestration site test wells, integrity studies, access rights and permitting
– Pipeline route land ownership, way leaves and permitting of CO2 transportation
– Increase on-site utility capacity – including compressed air, cooling water treatment and electrical distribution.
– Pre-investment in up-rated base plant e.g. FGD, ID fans
Post Combustion Capture-ReadyOptional Measures – Up to CO2 Storage
Capture-Ready PlantKey Issues
Capital cost impact within power plant relatively low
Need for consideration of CCS in national-level generation planning & site selection
Need for review of planning and regulatory barriers for CO2 transport and storage chain?
– Potentially on critical path to retrofit
Possible need for outside support with capture-ready design to mitigate risk of delays to design process, while still ensuring that barriers to CCS are removed
Mott MacDonald’s current studies of advanced supercritical plant and capture-ready plant will provide analysis tailored to India – for the UMPPs
www.mottmac.com
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