د فيصل الناصر - health attitude of school teachers
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Health attitudes of Health attitudes of school teachersschool teachers
Faisal Abdul Latif Alnasir FPC, FRCGP, MICGP, PhD
Professor of Family MedicineChair; Department of Family and Community Medicine
College of Medicine and Medical SciencesArabian Gulf University, Bahrain
HHealth attitudes of school teachers ealth attitudes of school teachers are usually a reflection of their are usually a reflection of their background of health knowledge background of health knowledge and perceptions. and perceptions.
Their perception of health, attitudes Their perception of health, attitudes and practices, and their knowledge and practices, and their knowledge of common health problems could of common health problems could be essential factors in optimizing be essential factors in optimizing their roles as health educators in their roles as health educators in society.society.
School teachers are major source of School teachers are major source of information for the students. information for the students.
McGovern & Barry, 2000McGovern & Barry, 2000
In Australia, teachers and clergy are In Australia, teachers and clergy are "gate-keepers" who might serve as a "gate-keepers" who might serve as a first line of assistance for distressed first line of assistance for distressed young people young people Leane Leane & Shute, 1998& Shute, 1998
Educational health packages could be Educational health packages could be developed with collaboration between developed with collaboration between teachers who have an understanding of teachers who have an understanding of the principles of curriculum design and the principles of curriculum design and health professionals who are fully aware of health professionals who are fully aware of health problems health problems
Henry et al, 1994Henry et al, 1994
Formal health education teaching in Formal health education teaching in schools is lackingschools is lacking
Susan et al. 1996Susan et al. 1996
ObjectivesObjectives
To assess school teachers' health To assess school teachers' health attitudes, perceptions and attitudes, perceptions and awareness about the common awareness about the common health problems in Bahrain. health problems in Bahrain.
Methods:Methods: 49 schools were selected by a stratified 49 schools were selected by a stratified random sampling (out of 152). random sampling (out of 152). 1140 teachers responded (out of 1284).1140 teachers responded (out of 1284).
The study tool was a four-item The study tool was a four-item questionnaire that was pre-tested for questionnaire that was pre-tested for content validity and for repeatability. content validity and for repeatability.
Information collected related to;Information collected related to;
• The schoolThe school
• The teachers' demographic The teachers' demographic characteristicscharacteristics
• The teachers’ health (illness) experience The teachers’ health (illness) experience andand
health attitudes health attitudes
• The teachers’ knowledge about the fiveThe teachers’ knowledge about the five
commonest health problems (commonest health problems (sickle cellsickle cell
anemia, bronchial asthma, diabetesanemia, bronchial asthma, diabetes
mellitus, hypertension and smokingmellitus, hypertension and smoking).).
Data were analyzed using the SPSS program version 11.5 and a p value of Data were analyzed using the SPSS program version 11.5 and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant<0.05 was considered significant
Results
Response rate was 88.8%.
Duration of occupation: one to 35 years (mean of 12.3).
Demographic characteristicsDemographic characteristics::
Sex 40% Male 60% Female
Age 20 to 58 years mean of 32.7
Teaching School 45% Primary 25% intermediate 30% secondary
Education Graduate 81% 70% Males 81% Females
Smoking (6%) Males 94% P<0.000
Smoking vs occupation duration
Increased as duration increased P<0.001
Alcohol consumption
14 (1.2%) All were Males
Regular exercise 18%
Teachers’ attitudeTeachers’ attitude
Teachers' experiences with illness:Teachers' experiences with illness:
Suffered from recent illnesses (6 months)
16%
Sick family members 28%More Female teachers (34%
vs. 23%) (P<0.000)
Previous admissions to hospital
13%More female teachers (72%
vs. 28%) (p<0.000)
Suffering from a chronic illness
31 % More male (18% vs. 15%)
Teachers’ knowledge:Teachers’ knowledge:
ProblemNo. of
respondersNo. of
questionsRange Mean
Standard Deviation
Sickle Cell1053
(92.4%)10 0-10 4.88 1.98
Smoking1067
(93.6%) 8 0-8 5.28 1.852
Asthma 1029
(90.3%)10 0-10 5.16 2.185
Hypertension 969
(85%)10 0-I0 3 1.899
Diabetes Mellitus
1064 (93.3%)
10 0-10 5.34 2.133
The knowledge was average in areas related to bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and smoking and poor in the field of sickle cell anemia and hypertension
Perceptions of healthPerceptions of health
Perceptions of their own health 82% satisfactory More males (92% vs.89%)
Perceptions of health services in the Kingdom
77% satisfactory
More males (80% vs. 70%) (P<0.000)
More married (77% vs. 66%) (P<0.01)
Perceptions of healthPerceptions of health
Teachers with no recent illnesses perceived their general Teachers with no recent illnesses perceived their general health to be satisfactoryhealth to be satisfactory
(p<0.001)(p<0.001)
Teachers who had satisfactory views about their general Teachers who had satisfactory views about their general health usually had a better or more satisfactory view about health usually had a better or more satisfactory view about the general health services in the countrythe general health services in the country
(p<0.001) (p<0.001)
Teachers with longer duration of occupation had satisfactory Teachers with longer duration of occupation had satisfactory views about the health services in the Kingdomviews about the health services in the Kingdom (p<0.01)(p<0.01)
Teachers who suffered from chronic and recent illnesses had Teachers who suffered from chronic and recent illnesses had satisfactory views about their general healthsatisfactory views about their general health (p<0.01)(p<0.01)
Significant relationshipsSignificant relationships::
Chronic illness and having a family member suffering Chronic illness and having a family member suffering from an illnessfrom an illness
(61% vs. 39%) (P<0.001)(61% vs. 39%) (P<0.001)
Teachers suffering from chronic illness admitted more Teachers suffering from chronic illness admitted more frequently to hospitals than teachers without chronic frequently to hospitals than teachers without chronic illness illness
(97% vs. 11%) (P<0.01) (97% vs. 11%) (P<0.01)
More teachers with a longer duration of occupation More teachers with a longer duration of occupation suffered from chronic illnesses than teachers with suffered from chronic illnesses than teachers with shorter durations of occupationshorter durations of occupation
(P<0.02)(P<0.02)
Chronic illness and having adequate knowledge of; Chronic illness and having adequate knowledge of; -Hypertension-Hypertension-Diabetes Mellitus-Diabetes Mellitus
(p<0.05) (p<0.05) (p<0.02)(p<0.02)
Teachers with no ill family member had satisfactory Teachers with no ill family member had satisfactory views about their general health more than teachers views about their general health more than teachers with ill family memberswith ill family members
(93% vs. 84%) (P<0.001) (93% vs. 84%) (P<0.001)
Teachers with recent illnesses were more likely to have Teachers with recent illnesses were more likely to have ill family membersill family members (42% vs. 23%) (p<0.001) (42% vs. 23%) (p<0.001)
55% of those who had been admitted to hospital 55% of those who had been admitted to hospital suffered from a recent illnesssuffered from a recent illness (p<0.001)(p<0.001)
Conclusion:Conclusion:
-Health experiences of teachers were limited-Health experiences of teachers were limited
-The overall knowledge of school teachers -The overall knowledge of school teachers
was:was:•Average for sickle cell anemia, asthma Average for sickle cell anemia, asthma
and and
Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus •Poor in the area of hypertensionPoor in the area of hypertension•Adequate knowledge of the negative Adequate knowledge of the negative
health health
effects of smoking effects of smoking
limiting the chances of teachers being limiting the chances of teachers being a gooda good health model for their pupils, health model for their pupils, and pupils will not be able to acquire and pupils will not be able to acquire and adopt proper health attitudes or and adopt proper health attitudes or even gain good health knowledge.even gain good health knowledge.
Teachers not having enough knowledge Teachers not having enough knowledge of the signs of health-damaging of the signs of health-damaging problems such as smoking and alcohol problems such as smoking and alcohol use will have difficulty in recognizing use will have difficulty in recognizing students with those habits or providing students with those habits or providing health education in such areas.health education in such areas.
Students are less likely to smoke in Students are less likely to smoke in school with higher levels of teachers' school with higher levels of teachers' discipline discipline
Novak & Clayton , Novak & Clayton , 20012001
Recommendations:Recommendations:
School teachers need continuous pre- School teachers need continuous pre- and in-service health training. and in-service health training. Although they may not be given the Although they may not be given the prime responsibility of health prime responsibility of health education, certainly they should share education, certainly they should share it.it.
The teaching institution must also The teaching institution must also provide opportunities for the teachers provide opportunities for the teachers to maintain adequate health to maintain adequate health knowledge and an optimal health knowledge and an optimal health attitude.attitude.
Thank youThank you
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