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The Properties of Matter

Section 1 What Is Matter?

Section 2 Physical Properties

Section 3 Chemical Properties

Chapter 2

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Concept Mapping

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Section 1 What Is Matter?

Bellringer

What do you think some of the ingredients or components are for the following items: a loaf of bread, a textbook, and a bicycle.

Write your response in your science journal.

Chapter 2

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

• Describe the two properties of all matter.

• Identify the units used to measure volume and mass.

• Compare mass and weight.

• Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.

Objectives

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Matter• What Is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass

and takes up space.

• Matter in the Universe Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of some type of matter.

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Matter

Click below to watch the Visual Concept.

Visual Concept

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Matter and Volume• Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are

the units used most often to express the volume of liquids.

• Measuring the Volume of Liquids The next slide shows how to measure the volume of liquids.

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Measuring the Volume of Liquids

Click below to watch the Visual Concept.

Visual Concept

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Matter and Volume, continued• Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object To

find the volume of a regularly shaped solid object use the following equation:

Volume = length width height

• Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Matter and Mass• The Difference Between Mass and Weight

Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the object’s weight.

• Measuring Mass and Weight The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Weight is a measure of gravitational force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the newton (N).

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

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Section 1 What Is Matter?Chapter 2

Inertia• What Is Inertia? Inertia is the tendency of an

object to resist a change in motion.

• Mass: The Measure of Inertia An object that has a large mass is harder to move and harder to stop than an object that has less mass. The reason is that the object with the large mass has greater inertia.

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Section 2 Physical Properties

Bellringer

If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person?

Write your response in your science journal.

Chapter 2

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

• Identify six examples of physical properties of matter.

• Describe how density is used to identify substances.

• List six examples of physical changes.

• Explain what happens to matter during a physical change.

Objectives

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Properties

• What Are Physical Properties? A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.

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Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Properties, continued• Identifying Matter You use physical properties to

identify matter.

• Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume. The two balls below have different densities.

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Properties, continued• Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder below

contains six liquids. Each liquid is a different density so the liquids form layers.

• Density of Solids Knowing thedensity of a substance can alsotell you what kind ofsubstance it is.

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Properties, continued

• Solving for Density To find an objects density (D), first measure its mass (m) and volume (V). Then use the following equation:

D = m/V

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Properties, continued• Using Density to Identify Substances Look at

the table below to compare densities of several common substances.

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances• Examples of Physical Changes Some examples

of physical changes are shown below.

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Section 2 Physical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances, continued

• Matter and Physical Changes Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.

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Section 3 Chemical Properties

Bellringer

Look at the picture of the car on the next slide. Describe where you have seen other examples of rusting.

Write your response in your science journal.

Chapter 2

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Chapter 2 Section 3 Chemical Properties

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

• Describe two examples of chemical properties.

• Explain what happens during a chemical change.

• Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.

Objectives

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

Chemical Properties• Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

You can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance. Chemicals properties are more difficult to observe.

• Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are characteristic properties.

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

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Visual Concept

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

Chemical Changes and New Substances• What Happens During a Chemical Change?

During a chemical change a substance changes chemical properties.

• Signs of Chemical Changes Some common signs of chemical changes includes a change in color, odor, production of heat, fizzing, and so on.

• Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved.

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

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Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

Physical Versus Chemical Changes

• A Change in Composition Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance while chemical changes do.

• Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily reversed, but most chemical changes cannot easily be reversed.

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Click below to watch the Visual Concept.

Section 3 Chemical PropertiesChapter 2

Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes

Visual Concept

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The Properties of Matter

Concept Mapping

Use the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping on the next slide.

Chapter 2

mattermassmotionVolume

milliliterscubic centimetersweightgravity

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The Properties of MatterChapter 2

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The Properties of MatterChapter 2