Кластеры и Технопарки: общие элементы
Post on 10-May-2015
626 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Technopark and Cluster
What Common Points Could they Have ?
Philippe Geffroy Moscow – November 27, 2013
Ingredients to have a Powerful and Internationally Competitive Economy are Available …
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 3
… But real results are still not comparable to international competitors
Tools used to Succeed a Regional Strategy (1)
Develop a large industrial zone
Set up a strong team to promote the city
Support creation of new companies (for example, in high tech sector)
Provide companies with financial advantages : free tax zone, public support
Develop specific training programmes
Develop a technology transfer policy
Improve the global quality of the urban environment
Develop a Technopark
Aim : Enables a long term regional development because of the innovative potential of the companies which can adapt to any change in technology, organization or market
Create a network with the existing regional actors (cluster)
Aim: increase the competitiveness of the companies
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 4
Technoparks as a tool for Economic Policy (1)
Definition
Technopark (technology parks, technological parks also High-tech park) is commercial property developments of one or more buildings that will accept all the types of tenant but they often have a wider range of acceptable activities in technology based business (TRL 5-6) and are not so concentrated on R&D as a main element in tenants' activities.
They will also accept tenants that provide support services to technology-based businesses but are not themselves technical businesses such as:
Accountants
Lawyers
Patent agents
Market research organizations
Technology brokers - especially those with good international connections
Venture capital providers
Business consultants specializing in technology-based firms
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 5
Technopark as a tool for Economic Policy (2)
The overall challenge is to set up a Technopark that can achieve three main goals
Respond to the NEEDS of regional enterprises in terms of innovation technology, cross fertilization with over R&D organizations, good services and friendly environment where researchers would have found an ideal environment to lead their R&D.
Develop specific R&D activities in conjunction with other knowledge based institutions in the region, in order to deliver some unique technological assets to existing enterprises or technology based start-ups
Create a management infrastructure that will allow the Technopark to be self-sustainable within a reasonable time frame (three to five years).
Attract in-FDI (that seeking advanced RD & DM capacities/capabilities not available for the price elsewhere)
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 6
The overall idea is to ensure that the park will have an economic impact in the region and that will assist existing and new enterprises to manage their development and innovation process in a very proactive and leading edge manner.
Market Insight: Myths and Realities of IT Technoparks in Russia / Igor Ustimenko (Gartner
Dataquest March 25 2011)
KEY FINDING
The community of Russian technoparks includes a number of IT-oriented clusters of organizations that look to be real development centers focused on high-tech innovations for further implementation in real economic sectors (manufacturing, agriculture and so forth) inside and outside the country.
Confusion about high-tech terminology in Russia creates uncertainty when it comes to the selection criteria of foreign vendors, investors and projects within technoparks.
A number of organizations pretend to look like technoparks but have nothing to do with the development of innovation.
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 7
Definition related to Cluster
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 8
Cluster Overall definition
Clusters can be defined as a group of firms, related economic actors, and institutions that are located near each other and have reached a sufficient scale to develop specialized expertise, services, resources, suppliers and skills. This phenomenon can be economically measured
Cluster Cooperation
Cluster cooperation can take different facets. It can mean the cooperation among and between cluster firms and other innovation actors located in different clusters. It can also mean the cooperation between policy-makers at programme level or at operational level
Cluster Initiatives
Cluster initiatives are organised efforts to enhance the competitiveness of a cluster involving private business, public bodies and/or academic institutions within a regional and sectoral system. Cluster initiatives usually follow a bottom-up approach and are managed increasingly by specialized institutions, such as cluster organizations .
Cluster Manager
Cluster managers – or cluster facilitators – are the dedicated individual persons that manage a cluster organization.
Cluster Organisation
Cluster organizations are the legal entities operating the clusters in charge of managing the participation and access to the cluster’s premises, facilities and activities. They are considered as new and highly efficient forms of innovation support providers that provide or channel specialized and customized business support services, especially to SMEs. Cluster organizations are often also in charge of managing cluster initiatives
Cluster Benefits for Regional Actors
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 9
REGIONAL LEVEL ENTREPRISES
Fostering Innovation
Fostering cooperation
Fostering internationalization
The People Dimension at the Core of the Cluster
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 10
The success of a high performance cluster is in a large part due to people
forming quality relationships and networking to achieve results
There is some degree of dialogue and trust that the clustering process requires
people-to-people contact
consensus on key issues
collaboration at multiple levels
The teamwork is a key component of a local innovation system; It is much more
than solo players working away in isolation.
Soft networks (such as local professional and trade associations) and hard
networks (strategic alliances between firms) are both important.
Specialized SMEs, rarely have the resources to innovate alone. However, with
an effective network in place to encourage linkages, firms are stimulated to
develop their knowledge rather than remain isolated.
The Cluster Management Organization
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 11
Larges
SMEs
Spin-off
Start Up
Governance
PRESIDENT
Board of Administration
Scientific Council
General Manager
Thematic Projects
Mgrs
Services · Market Access
· Financing Innovation
· Export support
· HR dev. & Mngt
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION
BUSINESS INCUBATEUR
TECHNOPARK
EDUCATION
RESEARCH Organizations
CLUSTER OPERATIONAL
ORGANISATION
PROMOTION
· Exhibitions
· Events
· Peer Visites
· Business and
Technology
partnerships
SERVICES Partners
Logistic, Packaging, Ingeneering
...
FINANCIAL PARTNERS
Fasie, RVC, VEB, RosNanos,...
LinkWest 2008 PhG©
TRAINING
· Marketing
· International Standards
· Quality process
· New technologies
· Procurement and Purchasing
· New Competencies
PROJECTS
· Acces to new markets
· Access to knowledge to use in
new products & services
· Access to key infrastructure
· Access to new partners for
collaboration
· Extend Network
Members
Network
Results
Summary of the Key Factors of Success for a Cluster Set up
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 12
A common vision shared between region/territories and clusters actors such as
Large companies, SMEs and Public Research.
Cluster implementation are mainly Industry driven and R&D driven, ideally
depending on the RIS3 strategy.
Legal entity with a board of management so called Governance, appointed by
cluster participants.
The Cluster management organization implements the collective strategy on
behalf of the cluster members (board of representatives)
Cluster organization allows to manage and promote a broad approach of
innovation from local to international level
Lack of consensus, lack of common vision/strategy, and weak contacts
network are the main reason for failure cluster set up.
Example of Existing Cluster with dedicated Technopark http://www.routedeslasers.com/
27/11/2013 Philippe Geffroy MOSCOW 13
СПАСИБО ЗА ВНИМАНИЕ!
top related