amorphous computing (computación amorfa)
DESCRIPTION
Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Amorphous ComputingAmorphous Computing
http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/projects/amorphous
![Page 2: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Characteristics
• Large number of computing units.
• Limited computational power.
• Fail with non-negligible probability.
• No predetermined arrangement in space.
• No global synchronization.
• Limited distance communication.
• Goal: Coherent robust global behavior.
![Page 3: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Topics Covered
• Wave Propagation / Gradients
• Pattern Formation– Growing Point / Rules and Markers
– Cell Shape Change
• Information Conservation
• Cellular Computing
• Nanoscale Computing
![Page 4: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wave Propagation / Gradients
• Common in biological systems (e.g., Hydra)
• Gives sense of position / distance.
![Page 5: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pattern Formation
• Use generative programs / not blueprints.
• Same in nature (e.g., cells).
• This is not programming of globalbehavior!
![Page 6: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Growing Point Language
• High-level actions:– Pheromone secretion
– Propagation according to tropism
– Termination
• Tropism to pheromone concentration– towards / away / keep constant
• Translated to a low-level particle language.
![Page 7: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Growing Point Language
• Thesis: any planar graph can be constructed.– Is that important?
– What is the quality of the end result?
– What is the size of the program?
– How is the graph described?
– What share of the drawing is actually done bythe computing particles and what by the GPLprogrammer?
![Page 9: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rules and Markers
• Event-driven computation with local state.• Events:
– “message” received & “#” more hops to go– “marker” is set & expires in “#” time units
• Conditions:– “marker” is set / cleared
• Actions:– Set / clear “marker”– Send “message” for “#” hops
![Page 11: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cell Shape Change
• Cells interact by pulling and pushing.
![Page 12: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biologically-Inspired Primitives
• We’ve seen gradients, but what else isthere?
• For local behavior…– Chemotaxis (following a gradient)– Local inhibition/competition– Counting/Quorum sensing– Random exploration/stabilization
![Page 14: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chemotaxis• Move in response to a gradient, rather than only
using local concentration as an indicator
• Query neighbors if differential across cell is belowdetection threshold
![Page 15: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Local inhibition/competition
• Fast-growing cells cause slow-growing cellsto die (programmed cell death)
• Leader election
• Base morphogen level on fitness
![Page 16: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Counting/Quorum Sensing
• Send signal, use signals from others asfeedback based on threshold
• Can be used to implement checkpoints
![Page 17: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Random Exploration/Stabilization
• Explore randomly and in parallel, stabilize“good” path
• Think ants!
![Page 18: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How to Combine Local Primitives?
• Role assignment
• Asynchronous timing
• Spatial modularity (subroutines)
• Scale-independence
• Regeneration
![Page 19: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conservative Systems
• Physics also provides metaphors foramorphous computing– Heat diffusion/chemical diffusion
– Wave equations
– Springs
![Page 20: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Why is Mimicking ConservativeSystems a Challenge?
• Sensitive to bugs and/or failure
• Could implement using explicit tokens, buthow to keep track of tokens?
![Page 21: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cellular Computing
• Cool idea! But:
• Proteins are produced very slowly.– Computation takes a long time.
• Unwanted interactions with other genes.– Need different proteins for each gate.
– Limits the size of circuits.
• Cells have limited capacity for proteins.– Only small circuits can fit into a cell.
![Page 22: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
slides from
![Page 23: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Not a modularconstruction
![Page 28: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Applications to the nano scale
• Spray walls with smart particles that detectand fill in the cracks.
• Inject nanorobots in body to fix:– Clogged valve problems
– Failing neurons.
• Have personal nanorobots barbers / dentists.
![Page 29: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Amorphous Computing (Computación Amorfa)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051207/540b1b3c8d7f72f36a8b46b0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)